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href="../../../Journal/2022/W37/2022-09-17" data-for="Journal/2022/W37/2022-09-17">2022-09-17</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W37/2022-09-18" data-for="Journal/2022/W37/2022-09-18">2022-09-18</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W37/2022-W37" data-for="Journal/2022/W37/2022-W37">2022-W37</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2022/W38"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W38</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2022/W38"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W38/2022-09-19" data-for="Journal/2022/W38/2022-09-19">2022-09-19</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W38/2022-09-20" data-for="Journal/2022/W38/2022-09-20">2022-09-20</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W38/2022-09-21" data-for="Journal/2022/W38/2022-09-21">2022-09-21</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W38/2022-09-22" data-for="Journal/2022/W38/2022-09-22">2022-09-22</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W38/2022-W38" data-for="Journal/2022/W38/2022-W38">2022-W38</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2022/W39"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W39</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2022/W39"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W39/2022-09-28" data-for="Journal/2022/W39/2022-09-28">2022-09-28</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W39/2022-09-29" data-for="Journal/2022/W39/2022-09-29">2022-09-29</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W39/2022-W39" data-for="Journal/2022/W39/2022-W39">2022-W39</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2022/W41"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W41</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2022/W41"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W41/2022-10-10" data-for="Journal/2022/W41/2022-10-10">2022-10-10</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W41/2022-10-11" data-for="Journal/2022/W41/2022-10-11">2022-10-11</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W41/2022-10-12" data-for="Journal/2022/W41/2022-10-12">2022-10-12</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W41/2022-10-13" data-for="Journal/2022/W41/2022-10-13">2022-10-13</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W41/2022-10-14" data-for="Journal/2022/W41/2022-10-14">2022-10-14</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W41/2022-10-16" data-for="Journal/2022/W41/2022-10-16">2022-10-16</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W41/2022-W41" data-for="Journal/2022/W41/2022-W41">2022-W41</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2022/W42"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W42</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2022/W42"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W42/2022-10-17" data-for="Journal/2022/W42/2022-10-17">2022-10-17</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W42/2022-10-18" data-for="Journal/2022/W42/2022-10-18">2022-10-18</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W42/2022-10-19" data-for="Journal/2022/W42/2022-10-19">2022-10-19</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W42/2022-10-21" data-for="Journal/2022/W42/2022-10-21">2022-10-21</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W42/2022-W42" data-for="Journal/2022/W42/2022-W42">2022-W42</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2022/W43"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W43</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2022/W43"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W43/2022-10-24" data-for="Journal/2022/W43/2022-10-24">2022-10-24</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W43/2022-10-26" data-for="Journal/2022/W43/2022-10-26">2022-10-26</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W43/2022-W43" data-for="Journal/2022/W43/2022-W43">2022-W43</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2022/W44"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W44</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2022/W44"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W44/2022-11-02" data-for="Journal/2022/W44/2022-11-02">2022-11-02</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W44/2022-W44" data-for="Journal/2022/W44/2022-W44">2022-W44</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2022/W45"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W45</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2022/W45"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W45/2022-11-10" data-for="Journal/2022/W45/2022-11-10">2022-11-10</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W45/2022-11-11" data-for="Journal/2022/W45/2022-11-11">2022-11-11</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W45/2022-11-12" data-for="Journal/2022/W45/2022-11-12">2022-11-12</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W45/2022-11-13" data-for="Journal/2022/W45/2022-11-13">2022-11-13</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2022/W46"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W46</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2022/W46"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W46/2022-11-18" data-for="Journal/2022/W46/2022-11-18">2022-11-18</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W46/2022-11-20" data-for="Journal/2022/W46/2022-11-20">2022-11-20</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2022/W47"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W47</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2022/W47"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W47/2022-11-21" data-for="Journal/2022/W47/2022-11-21">2022-11-21</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W47/2022-11-22" data-for="Journal/2022/W47/2022-11-22">2022-11-22</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W47/2022-W47" data-for="Journal/2022/W47/2022-W47">2022-W47</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2022/W48"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W48</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2022/W48"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W48/2022-11-28" data-for="Journal/2022/W48/2022-11-28">2022-11-28</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W48/2022-11-29" data-for="Journal/2022/W48/2022-11-29">2022-11-29</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W48/2022-12-01" data-for="Journal/2022/W48/2022-12-01">2022-12-01</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W48/2022-12-04" data-for="Journal/2022/W48/2022-12-04">2022-12-04</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2022/W49"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W49</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2022/W49"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W49/2022-12-06" data-for="Journal/2022/W49/2022-12-06">2022-12-06</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W49/2022-W49" data-for="Journal/2022/W49/2022-W49">2022-W49</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2022/W50"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W50</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2022/W50"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W50/2022-12-12" data-for="Journal/2022/W50/2022-12-12">2022-12-12</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">2023</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023"><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W2"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W2</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W2"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W2/2023-W2" data-for="Journal/2023/W2/2023-W2">2023-W2</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W3"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W3</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W3"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W3/2023-01-16" data-for="Journal/2023/W3/2023-01-16">2023-01-16</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W3/2023-01-18" data-for="Journal/2023/W3/2023-01-18">2023-01-18</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W5"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W5</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W5"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W5/2023-W5" data-for="Journal/2023/W5/2023-W5">2023-W5</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W6"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W6</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W6"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W6/2023-W6" data-for="Journal/2023/W6/2023-W6">2023-W6</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W7"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W7</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W7"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W7/2023-02-14" data-for="Journal/2023/W7/2023-02-14">2023-02-14</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W7/2023-02-15" data-for="Journal/2023/W7/2023-02-15">2023-02-15</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W7/2023-02-16" data-for="Journal/2023/W7/2023-02-16">2023-02-16</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W8"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W8</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W8"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W8/2023-02-20" data-for="Journal/2023/W8/2023-02-20">2023-02-20</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W8/2023-02-22" data-for="Journal/2023/W8/2023-02-22">2023-02-22</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W10"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W10</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W10"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W10/2023-W10" data-for="Journal/2023/W10/2023-W10">2023-W10</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W12"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W12</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W12"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W12/2023-03-20" data-for="Journal/2023/W12/2023-03-20">2023-03-20</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W12/2023-03-21" data-for="Journal/2023/W12/2023-03-21">2023-03-21</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W12/2023-W12" data-for="Journal/2023/W12/2023-W12">2023-W12</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W14"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W14</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W14"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W14/2023-04-08" data-for="Journal/2023/W14/2023-04-08">2023-04-08</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W14/2023-W14" data-for="Journal/2023/W14/2023-W14">2023-W14</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W16"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W16</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W16"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W16/2023-04-21" data-for="Journal/2023/W16/2023-04-21">2023-04-21</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W16/2023-04-23" data-for="Journal/2023/W16/2023-04-23">2023-04-23</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W22"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W22</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W22"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W22/2023-05-31" data-for="Journal/2023/W22/2023-05-31">2023-05-31</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W22/2023-06-01" data-for="Journal/2023/W22/2023-06-01">2023-06-01</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W22/2023-W22" data-for="Journal/2023/W22/2023-W22">2023-W22</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W23"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W23</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W23"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W23/2023-06-05" data-for="Journal/2023/W23/2023-06-05">2023-06-05</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W23/2023-06-08" data-for="Journal/2023/W23/2023-06-08">2023-06-08</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W23/2023-W23" data-for="Journal/2023/W23/2023-W23">2023-W23</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W24"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W24</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W24"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W24/2023-06-12" data-for="Journal/2023/W24/2023-06-12">2023-06-12</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W24/2023-06-13" data-for="Journal/2023/W24/2023-06-13">2023-06-13</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W24/2023-06-15" data-for="Journal/2023/W24/2023-06-15">2023-06-15</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W24/2023-W24" data-for="Journal/2023/W24/2023-W24">2023-W24</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W25"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W25</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W25"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W25/2023-W25" data-for="Journal/2023/W25/2023-W25">2023-W25</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W26"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W26</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W26"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W26/2023-06-26" data-for="Journal/2023/W26/2023-06-26">2023-06-26</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W31"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W31</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W31"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W31/2023-W31" data-for="Journal/2023/W31/2023-W31">2023-W31</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W32"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W32</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W32"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W32/2023-08-07" data-for="Journal/2023/W32/2023-08-07">2023-08-07</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W32/2023-08-08" data-for="Journal/2023/W32/2023-08-08">2023-08-08</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W32/2023-W32" data-for="Journal/2023/W32/2023-W32">2023-W32</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W33"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W33</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W33"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W33/2023-W33" data-for="Journal/2023/W33/2023-W33">2023-W33</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W35"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W35</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W35"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W35/2023-W35" data-for="Journal/2023/W35/2023-W35">2023-W35</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W36"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W36</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W36"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W36/2023-W36" data-for="Journal/2023/W36/2023-W36">2023-W36</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W37"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W37</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W37"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W37/2023-W37" data-for="Journal/2023/W37/2023-W37">2023-W37</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W40"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W40</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W40"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W40/2023-W40" data-for="Journal/2023/W40/2023-W40">2023-W40</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W45"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W45</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W45"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W45/2023-11-12" data-for="Journal/2023/W45/2023-11-12">2023-11-12</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W46"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W46</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W46"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W46/2023-11-15" data-for="Journal/2023/W46/2023-11-15">2023-11-15</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W48"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W48</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W48"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W48/2023-W48" data-for="Journal/2023/W48/2023-W48">2023-W48</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W49"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W49</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W49"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W49/2023-12-07" data-for="Journal/2023/W49/2023-12-07">2023-12-07</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W49/2023-W49" data-for="Journal/2023/W49/2023-W49">2023-W49</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W50"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W50</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W50"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W50/2023-12-12" data-for="Journal/2023/W50/2023-12-12">2023-12-12</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2024"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">2024</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2024"><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2024/W8"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W8</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2024/W8"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2024/W8/2024-02-22" data-for="Journal/2024/W8/2024-02-22">2024-02-22</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2024/W10"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W10</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2024/W10"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2024/W10/2024-03-05" data-for="Journal/2024/W10/2024-03-05">2024-03-05</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2024/W10/2024-03-06" data-for="Journal/2024/W10/2024-03-06">2024-03-06</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2024/W10/2024-03-07" data-for="Journal/2024/W10/2024-03-07">2024-03-07</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2024/W10/2024-W10" data-for="Journal/2024/W10/2024-W10">2024-W10</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2024/W11"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W11</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2024/W11"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2024/W11/2024-03-11" data-for="Journal/2024/W11/2024-03-11">2024-03-11</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2024/W11/2024-03-12" data-for="Journal/2024/W11/2024-03-12">2024-03-12</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2024/W11/2024-03-13" data-for="Journal/2024/W11/2024-03-13">2024-03-13</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2024/W11/2024-W11" data-for="Journal/2024/W11/2024-W11">2024-W11</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2024/W12"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W12</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2024/W12"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2024/W12/2024-03-20" data-for="Journal/2024/W12/2024-03-20">2024-03-20</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2024/W12/2024-W12" data-for="Journal/2024/W12/2024-W12">2024-W12</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2024/W14"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W14</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2024/W14"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2024/W14/2024-W14" data-for="Journal/2024/W14/2024-W14">2024-W14</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2024/W16"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W16</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2024/W16"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2024/W16/2024-W16" data-for="Journal/2024/W16/2024-W16">2024-W16</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2024/W17"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W17</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2024/W17"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2024/W17/2024-04-24" data-for="Journal/2024/W17/2024-04-24">2024-04-24</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2024/W22"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W22</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2024/W22"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2024/W22/2024-06-02" data-for="Journal/2024/W22/2024-06-02">2024-06-02</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2024/W22/2024-W22" data-for="Journal/2024/W22/2024-W22">2024-W22</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2024/W23"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W23</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2024/W23"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2024/W23/2024-06-03" data-for="Journal/2024/W23/2024-06-03">2024-06-03</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2024/W23/2024-06-04" data-for="Journal/2024/W23/2024-06-04">2024-06-04</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2024/W24"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W24</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer 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href="../../../Tech/operating-system/Linux/0.文化/开源软件的概念与重要性" data-for="Tech/operating-system/Linux/0.文化/开源软件的概念与重要性">开源软件的概念与重要性</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Tech/operating-system/Linux/1.安装"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">1.安装</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Tech/operating-system/Linux/1.安装"><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/operating-system/Linux/1.安装/Linux-下源代码编译与安装实战指南" data-for="Tech/operating-system/Linux/1.安装/Linux-下源代码编译与安装实战指南">Linux 下源代码编译与安装实战指南</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/operating-system/Linux/1.安装/Linux-发行版镜像" 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href="../../../Tech/operating-system/Linux/2.基础操作/Shell-命令行操作" data-for="Tech/operating-system/Linux/2.基础操作/Shell-命令行操作">Linux 命令行操作</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/operating-system/Linux/2.基础操作/Linux-文件管理" data-for="Tech/operating-system/Linux/2.基础操作/Linux-文件管理">Linux 文件管理</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/operating-system/Linux/2.基础操作/Linux-用户和权限" data-for="Tech/operating-system/Linux/2.基础操作/Linux-用户和权限">Linux 用户和权限</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Tech/operating-system/Linux/3.系统管理"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">3.系统管理</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Tech/operating-system/Linux/3.系统管理"><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/operating-system/Linux/3.系统管理/Linux-内核管理" data-for="Tech/operating-system/Linux/3.系统管理/Linux-内核管理">Linux 内核管理</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/operating-system/Linux/3.系统管理/Linux-基本配置" data-for="Tech/operating-system/Linux/3.系统管理/Linux-基本配置">Linux 基本配置</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/operating-system/Linux/3.系统管理/Linux-日志管理" data-for="Tech/operating-system/Linux/3.系统管理/Linux-日志管理">Linux 日志管理</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/operating-system/Linux/3.系统管理/Linux-服务管理" data-for="Tech/operating-system/Linux/3.系统管理/Linux-服务管理">Linux 服务管理</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/operating-system/Linux/3.系统管理/Linux-系统启动详解" data-for="Tech/operating-system/Linux/3.系统管理/Linux-系统启动详解">Linux 服务管理</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Tech/operating-system/Linux/4.安全配置"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">4.安全配置</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Tech/operating-system/Linux/4.安全配置"><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/operating-system/Linux/4.安全配置/Linux-系统安全与防护" data-for="Tech/operating-system/Linux/4.安全配置/Linux-系统安全与防护">Linux 系统安全与防护</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Tech/operating-system/Linux/5.网络管理"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">5.网络管理</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Tech/operating-system/Linux/5.网络管理"><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/operating-system/Linux/5.网络管理/Linux-网络配置" data-for="Tech/operating-system/Linux/5.网络管理/Linux-网络配置">Linux 网络配置</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Tech/operating-system/Linux/7.存储管理"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">7.存储管理</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Tech/operating-system/Linux/7.存储管理"><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/operating-system/Linux/7.存储管理/Linux-文件系统" data-for="Tech/operating-system/Linux/7.存储管理/Linux-文件系统">Linux 文件系统</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Tech/operating-system/Linux/8.虚拟化"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">8.虚拟化</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Tech/operating-system/Linux/8.虚拟化"><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/operating-system/Linux/8.虚拟化/KVM-虚拟化管理" data-for="Tech/operating-system/Linux/8.虚拟化/KVM-虚拟化管理">KVM 虚拟化管理</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" 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data-folderul="/Tech/operating-system/Virtualization/1.虚拟化概述"><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/operating-system/Virtualization/1.虚拟化概述/虚拟化平台简介" data-for="Tech/operating-system/Virtualization/1.虚拟化概述/虚拟化平台简介">虚拟化平台简介</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/operating-system/Virtualization/1.虚拟化概述/虚拟化概述" data-for="Tech/operating-system/Virtualization/1.虚拟化概述/虚拟化概述">虚拟化概述</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Tech/operating-system/Virtualization/2.KVM虚拟化"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">2.KVM虚拟化</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Tech/operating-system/Virtualization/2.KVM虚拟化"><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/operating-system/Virtualization/2.KVM虚拟化/1.-KVM-概述" data-for="Tech/operating-system/Virtualization/2.KVM虚拟化/1.-KVM-概述">1. KVM 概述</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/operating-system/Virtualization/2.KVM虚拟化/2.-KVM-安装配置" data-for="Tech/operating-system/Virtualization/2.KVM虚拟化/2.-KVM-安装配置">2. KVM 安装配置</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/operating-system/Virtualization/2.KVM虚拟化/3.-KVM-管理工具" data-for="Tech/operating-system/Virtualization/2.KVM虚拟化/3.-KVM-管理工具">3. KVM 管理工具</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/operating-system/Virtualization/2.KVM虚拟化/4.-KVM-网络配置" data-for="Tech/operating-system/Virtualization/2.KVM虚拟化/4.-KVM-网络配置">4. KVM 网络配置</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/operating-system/Virtualization/2.KVM虚拟化/5.-KVM-存储管理" data-for="Tech/operating-system/Virtualization/2.KVM虚拟化/5.-KVM-存储管理">5. KVM 存储管理</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/operating-system/Virtualization/2.KVM虚拟化/6.-KVM-性能优化" data-for="Tech/operating-system/Virtualization/2.KVM虚拟化/6.-KVM-性能优化">6. KVM 性能优化</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/operating-system/Virtualization/2.KVM虚拟化/7.-KVM-系统监控" data-for="Tech/operating-system/Virtualization/2.KVM虚拟化/7.-KVM-系统监控">7. KVM 系统监控</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Tech/operating-system/Windows"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">Windows</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Tech/operating-system/Windows"><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Tech/operating-system/Windows/文化"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">文化</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Tech/operating-system/Windows/文化"><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/operating-system/Windows/文化/微软及其Windows系统的历史发展" data-for="Tech/operating-system/Windows/文化/微软及其Windows系统的历史发展">微软及其Windows系统的历史发展</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li></ul></div></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Tech/programming-language"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">programming-language</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Tech/programming-language"><li><div><div 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data-for="Work/full-stack/home">前端工程师（Front-End Engineer）</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Work/roadmap"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">roadmap</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Work/roadmap"><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Work/roadmap/权益保障"><button class="folder-button"><p 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class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Work/roadmap/职业规划"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">职业规划</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Work/roadmap/职业规划"><li><li><a href="../../../Work/roadmap/职业规划/开发者职业路线图" data-for="Work/roadmap/职业规划/开发者职业路线图">开发者职业路线图</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Work/roadmap/职业规划/职业宏观规划图" data-for="Work/roadmap/职业规划/职业宏观规划图">职业宏观规划图</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Work/roadmap/职业规划/职业宏观路线图" data-for="Work/roadmap/职业规划/职业宏观路线图">职业宏观路线图</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Work/roadmap/职场心得"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">职场心得</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Work/roadmap/职场心得"><li><li><a href="../../../Work/roadmap/职场心得/华为新员工的-8-个阶段" data-for="Work/roadmap/职场心得/华为新员工的-8-个阶段">华为新员工的 8 个阶段</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Work/roadmap/职场心得/如何平衡工作和生活" data-for="Work/roadmap/职场心得/如何平衡工作和生活">如何平衡工作和生活</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Work/roadmap/职场心得/如何度过新手村" data-for="Work/roadmap/职场心得/如何度过新手村">如何度过新手村</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Work/roadmap/职场心得/如何有效应对职场政治" data-for="Work/roadmap/职场心得/如何有效应对职场政治">如何有效应对职场政治</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Work/roadmap/薪酬攻略"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">薪酬攻略</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Work/roadmap/薪酬攻略"><li><li><a href="../../../Work/roadmap/薪酬攻略/社会保障" data-for="Work/roadmap/薪酬攻略/社会保障">社会保障</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Work/roadmap/薪酬攻略/绩效考核" data-for="Work/roadmap/薪酬攻略/绩效考核">绩效考核</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Work/roadmap/薪酬攻略/薪酬制度" data-for="Work/roadmap/薪酬攻略/薪酬制度">薪酬制度</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Work/roadmap/面试法则"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">面试法则</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Work/roadmap/面试法则"><li><li><a href="../../../Work/roadmap/面试法则/反向面试" data-for="Work/roadmap/面试法则/反向面试">反向面试</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Work/roadmap/面试法则/面试-10-大常见问题" data-for="Work/roadmap/面试法则/面试-10-大常见问题">面试 10 大常见问题</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><li><a href="../../../Work/roadmap/home" data-for="Work/roadmap/home">求职之路</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Work/sre-engineer"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">sre-engineer</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Work/sre-engineer"><li><li><a href="../../../Work/sre-engineer/home" data-for="Work/sre-engineer/home">SRE (站点可靠性工程师)</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li></ul></div></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li id="explorer-end"></li></ul></div></div><div class="recent-notes desktop-only"><h3>Recent Notes</h3><ul class="recent-ul"><li class="recent-li"><div class="section"><div class="desc"><h3><a href="../../../Blog/乌兰哈达火山银河之旅" class="internal">乌兰哈达火山银河之旅</a></h3></div><p class="meta">Jun 27, 2024</p></div></li><li class="recent-li"><div class="section"><div class="desc"><h3><a href="../../../Blog/冰箱，让你我错过了多少新鲜的生活？" class="internal">冰箱，让你我错过了多少新鲜的生活？</a></h3></div><p class="meta">Jun 27, 2024</p></div></li><li class="recent-li"><div class="section"><div class="desc"><h3><a href="../../../Blog/記伍月" class="internal">記伍月</a></h3></div><p class="meta">May 31, 2024</p></div></li></ul></div></div><div class="center"><div class="page-header"><div class="popover-hint"><nav class="breadcrumb-container " aria-label="breadcrumbs"><div class="breadcrumb-element"><a href="../../..">Home</a><p> > </p></div><div class="breadcrumb-element"><a href="../../../Work/">Work</a><p> > </p></div><div class="breadcrumb-element"><a href="../../../Work/full-stack/">full stack</a><p> > </p></div><div class="breadcrumb-element"><a href="../../../Work/full-stack/基础/">基础</a><p> > </p></div><div class="breadcrumb-element"><a href>JavaScript</a></div></nav><h1 class="article-title ">JavaScript</h1><p class="content-meta ">Oct 13, 2023, 44 min read</p><ul class="tags "><li><a href="../../../tags/fullstack/基础" class="internal tag-link">#fullstack/基础</a></li></ul></div></div><article class="popover-hint"><p><strong>网页的心跳，使静态的网页获得了动态的脉搏。</strong></p>
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<h2 id="javascript">JavaScript<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#javascript" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
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<p>JavaScript 是一种动态的、解释的编程语言，广泛应用于 Web 开发中。JavaScript 通过 BOM（浏览器对象模型）和 DOM（文档对象模型）与浏览器进行交互。</p>
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<p>BOM 提供了访问和操作浏览器窗口的能力，包括窗口大小、导航、定时器、对话框等。DOM 则是对网页内容的抽象，它将网页文档结构化为一个节点树，允许开发者查询和操作页面内容。</p>
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<p>简单来说，JavaScript 是语言，DOM 是这个语言可以操作的对象之一（网页内容），BOM 也是这个语言可以操作的对象之一（浏览器窗口及其相关属性和方法）。</p>
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<pre><code class="mermaid">graph TB
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A[JavaScript] -- Interacts with --> B[BOM]
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A -- Interacts with --> C[DOM]
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B -- Manages --> D[Browser Window]
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C -- Manages --> E[Web Page Content]
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</code></pre>
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<p>这个图展示了 JavaScript、BOM、DOM 之间的关系。<strong>其中，JavaScript 与 BOM 和 DOM 进行交互，BOM 管理浏览器窗口，DOM 管理网页内容。</strong></p>
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<h3 id="基础语法">基础语法<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#基础语法" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
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<p>JavaScript 的基础语法相对简单,主要包含变量、数据类型、运算符、语句与注释等。</p>
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<h4 id="变量">变量<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#变量" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
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<p>JavaScript 通过 <code>var</code>、<code>let</code> 和 <code>const</code> 关键词来声明变量，它们之间存在明显的区别：</p>
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<ul>
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<li><strong><code>var</code> 是函数作用域的变量</strong>，也就是说，如果你在一个函数内部声明了一个 <code>var</code> 变量，那么它只能在这个函数内部被访问。</li>
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<li><strong><code>let</code> 和 <code>const</code> 都是块级作用域的变量</strong>，它们只能在声明它们的代码块或者更小的作用域内被访问。</li>
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</ul>
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<p><code>var</code> 存在变量提升的特性，即在声明之前使用变量不会报错，但是值为 <code>undefined</code>。而 <code>let</code> 和 <code>const</code> 不存在变量提升，它们具有所谓的暂时性死区特性。</p>
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<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="js" data-theme="default"><code data-language="js" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// var 声明的变量可以重复声明,会发生变量提升</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">var</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> name </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'John'</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">;</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">var</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> name </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'Peter'</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">; </span></span>
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<span data-line> </span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// let 声明的变量不可以重复声明,有块级作用域</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">let</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> age </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">25</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">; </span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">let</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> age </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">30</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">; </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 报错</span></span>
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<span data-line> </span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// const 声明的是常量,初始化后值不可修改</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">const</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">pi</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">3.14</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">;</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">pi </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">3</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">; </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 报错</span></span></code></pre></div>
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<h4 id="数据类型">数据类型<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#数据类型" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
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<p>JavaScript 中有七种数据类型:</p>
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<table><thead><tr><th align="left">数据类型</th><th align="left">说明</th><th align="left">示例</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left">Number</td><td align="left">包括整数和浮点数</td><td align="left">123, 3.14</td></tr><tr><td align="left">String</td><td align="left">字符串,使用单引号或双引号包裹</td><td align="left">‘hello’, “world”</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Boolean</td><td align="left">true 和 false</td><td align="left">true, false</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Null</td><td align="left">表示无值</td><td align="left">null</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Undefined</td><td align="left">表示值未定义</td><td align="left">undefined</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Symbol</td><td align="left">表示独一无二的值</td><td align="left">Symbol(‘id’)</td></tr><tr><td align="left">BigInt</td><td align="left">可表示任意大的整数</td><td align="left">9007199254740991n</td></tr></tbody></table>
|
||
<p>JavaScript 中还有一种复杂数据类型 Object，表示由多个键值对组成的对象。可以使用 <code>typeof</code> 来判断一个变量的类型：</p>
|
||
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="js" data-theme="default"><code data-language="js" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">let</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> n </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">123</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">; </span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">let</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> s </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'Hello'</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">;</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">let</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> b </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">true</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">;</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line> </span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">typeof</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> n; </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 'number'</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">typeof</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> s; </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 'string' </span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">typeof</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> b; </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 'boolean'</span></span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<h4 id="运算符">运算符<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#运算符" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
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<p>JavaScript 支持多种运算符，包括：</p>
|
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|
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<table><thead><tr><th align="left">运算符类型</th><th align="left">运算符</th><th align="left">说明</th><th align="left">示例</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left">算术运算符</td><td align="left">+ - * / % ++ —</td><td align="left">用于执行算术运算</td><td align="left">x + y</td></tr><tr><td align="left">赋值运算符</td><td align="left">= += -= *= /= %= **=</td><td align="left">用于给变量赋值</td><td align="left">x += 1</td></tr><tr><td align="left">比较运算符</td><td align="left"><span class="text-highlight"> </span>= != !== > < >= <=</td><td align="left">用于比较两个值</td><td align="left">x == y</td></tr><tr><td align="left">逻辑运算符</td><td align="left">&& || !</td><td align="left">用于组合条件</td><td align="left">x > 0 && y < 0</td></tr><tr><td align="left">条件运算符</td><td align="left">? :</td><td align="left">根据条件选择值</td><td align="left">condition ? val1 : val2</td></tr><tr><td align="left">位运算符</td><td align="left">& | ^ ~ << >> >>></td><td align="left">用于位运算</td><td align="left">x & y</td></tr></tbody></table>
|
||
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="js" data-theme="default"><code data-language="js" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">let</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> a </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">1</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">+</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">2</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">; </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 3</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">let</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> b </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'Hello'</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">+</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">' '</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">+</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'World!'</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">; </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 'Hello World!'</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line> </span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">console</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.log</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(a </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">==</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> b); </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// false</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">console</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.log</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(a </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">!=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> b); </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// true</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line> </span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">console</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.log</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(a </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">></span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">0</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">&&</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">b</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.includes</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'Hello'</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">)); </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// true</span></span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<h4 id="语句">语句<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#语句" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
||
<p>JavaScript 提供了多种控制结构，包括条件语句、循环语句、分支语句和跳转语句。</p>
|
||
<h5 id="条件语句">条件语句<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#条件语句" class="internal"> §</a></h5>
|
||
<p>使用 <code>if/else</code> 语句进行条件判断：</p>
|
||
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="js" data-theme="default"><code data-language="js" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">if</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> (condition) {</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 条件为真时执行</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">} </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">else</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> {</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 条件为假时执行 </span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">}</span></span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<p><code>if/else</code> 语句可以进行多重条件判断：</p>
|
||
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="js" data-theme="default"><code data-language="js" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">if</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> (n </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">></span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">0</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">) {</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// n 大于 0</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">} </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">else</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">if</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> (n </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);"><</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">0</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">) {</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// n 小于 0</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">} </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">else</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> {</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// n 等于 0</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">}</span></span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<h5 id="循环语句">循环语句<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#循环语句" class="internal"> §</a></h5>
|
||
<p>使用 <code>for</code> 循环和 <code>while</code> 循环进行迭代操作：</p>
|
||
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="js" data-theme="default"><code data-language="js" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// for 循环</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">for</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> (</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">let</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> i </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">0</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">; i </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);"><</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">5</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">; i</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">++</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">) {</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">console</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.log</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(i); </span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">}</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line> </span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// while 循环</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">let</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> j </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">0</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">;</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">while</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> (j </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);"><</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">5</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">) {</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">console</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.log</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(j);</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> j</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">++</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">;</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">}</span></span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<h5 id="分支语句">分支语句<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#分支语句" class="internal"> §</a></h5>
|
||
<p>使用 <code>switch</code> 语句进行多分支判断：</p>
|
||
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="js" data-theme="default"><code data-language="js" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">switch</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(fruit) {</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">case</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'apple'</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">: </span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">console</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.log</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'苹果'</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">);</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">break</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">;</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">case</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'banana'</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">:</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">console</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.log</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'香蕉'</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">);</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">break</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">;</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">default</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">:</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">console</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.log</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'其他水果'</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">);</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">}</span></span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<h5 id="跳转语句">跳转语句<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#跳转语句" class="internal"> §</a></h5>
|
||
<p><code>break</code> 用于退出循环，<code>continue</code> 用于跳过当前循环：</p>
|
||
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="js" data-theme="default"><code data-language="js" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">for</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> (</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">let</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> i </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">0</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">; i </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);"><</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">10</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">; i</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">++</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">) {</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">if</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> (i </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">%</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">2</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">===</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">0</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">) { </span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">continue</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">; </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 跳过偶数</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> }</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">console</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.log</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(i);</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">if</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> (i </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">></span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">5</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">) {</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">break</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">; </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 当 i 大于 5 时退出循环</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> } </span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">}</span></span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>另外，JavaScript 支持使用注释来增加代码的可读性：</p>
|
||
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="js" data-theme="default"><code data-language="js" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 这是单行注释</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line> </span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">/*</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">这是多行注释，可以注释一段代码</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">*/</span></span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<h4 id="函数">函数<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#函数" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
||
<p>函数是 JavaScript 中组织代码的基本单元，可以封装一段可以重复执行的代码块：</p>
|
||
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="js" data-theme="default"><code data-language="js" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 函数声明</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">function</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">add</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(x</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">,</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> y) {</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">return</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> x </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">+</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> y; </span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">}</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line> </span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 函数表达式</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">const</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">subtract</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">function</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(x</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">,</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> y) {</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">return</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> x </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">-</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> y;</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">};</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line> </span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 箭头函数（ES6 新增）</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">const</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">multiply</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> (x</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">,</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> y) </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=></span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> {</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">return</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> x </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">*</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> y;</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">};</span></span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>函数可以有参数，也可以有返回值。在 JavaScript 中，函数也是一种对象，可以被赋值给变量，也可以作为其他函数的参数或返回值。</p>
|
||
<h4 id="数组">数组<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#数组" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
||
<p>数组是一种特殊的对象，用于存储一系列的值：</p>
|
||
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="js" data-theme="default"><code data-language="js" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">let</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> nums </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> [</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">1</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">,</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">2</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">,</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">3</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">];</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">let</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> fruits </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> [</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'Apple'</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">,</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'Banana'</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">,</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'Orange'</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">];</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line> </span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">nums</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.push</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">4</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">); </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 添加元素</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">nums</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.pop</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(); </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 删除最后一个元素</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">nums</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.includes</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">2</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">); </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 检查是否包含某个元素</span></span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>在 JavaScript 中，数组是动态的，可以随时添加或删除元素。数组的长度可以通过其 <code>length</code> 属性获取。</p>
|
||
<h4 id="对象">对象<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#对象" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
||
<p>对象是 JavaScript 的核心概念，它是由一组键值对构成的数据集合：</p>
|
||
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="js" data-theme="default"><code data-language="js" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">let</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> person </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> {</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> name</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'John'</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">,</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> age</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">20</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">,</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">sayHi</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">function</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">() {</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">console</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.log</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'Hi!'</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">); </span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> }</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">};</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line> </span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">console</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.log</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">person</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">.name); </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 访问属性</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">person</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.sayHi</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(); </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 调用方法</span></span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>**在 JavaScript 中，几乎所有的东西都是对象。**函数、数组、日期和正则表达式等都是特殊的对象。对象的属性和方法可以被动态创建和删除，非常灵活。</p>
|
||
<h4 id="其他特性">其他特性<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#其他特性" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
||
<p>JavaScript 还有许多其他高级特性，例如原型和继承、闭包、异步处理和模块等。</p>
|
||
<h5 id="原型和继承">原型和继承<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#原型和继承" class="internal"> §</a></h5>
|
||
<p>JavaScript 是基于原型的语言，每个对象都有一个指向它的原型（prototype）的链接。当试图访问一个对象的属性时，JavaScript 会首先在对象本身的属性中搜索，如果找不到，就会在它的原型对象中搜索。</p>
|
||
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="js" data-theme="default"><code data-language="js" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">function</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Person</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(name) {</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">this</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">.name </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> name;</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">}</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line> </span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">Person</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">prototype</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">sayName</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">function</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">() {</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">console</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.log</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">this</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">.name); </span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">};</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line> </span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">let</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> person1 </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">new</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Person</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'John'</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">);</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">person1</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.sayName</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(); </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 'John'</span></span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>JavaScript 的继承机制是基于原型的。我们可以通过设置一个类型的原型为另一个类型的实例，来实现继承。</p>
|
||
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="js" data-theme="default"><code data-language="js" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">function</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Student</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(name</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">,</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> grade) {</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">Person</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.call</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">this</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">,</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> name); </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 继承属性</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">this</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">.grade </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> grade;</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">}</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line> </span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">Student</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">prototype</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">Object</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.create</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">Person</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">prototype</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">); </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 继承方法</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">Student</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">prototype</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">constructor</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> Student;</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line> </span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">let</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> student1 </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">new</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Student</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'Tom'</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">,</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">5</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">);</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">console</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.log</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">student1</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">.name); </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// Tom</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">console</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.log</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">student1</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">.grade); </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 5</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">student1</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.sayName</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(); </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// Tom</span></span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<h5 id="闭包">闭包<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#闭包" class="internal"> §</a></h5>
|
||
<p>闭包（closure）是 JavaScript 中一个重要的概念。在 JavaScript 中，函数可以形成闭包。闭包是指有权访问另一个函数作用域中的变量的函数。</p>
|
||
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="js" data-theme="default"><code data-language="js" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">function</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">createCounter</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">() {</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">let</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> count </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">0</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">;</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">return</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">function</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">() {</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">return</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">++</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">count;</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> };</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">}</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line> </span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">let</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> counter </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">createCounter</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">();</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">console</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.log</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">counter</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">()); </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 1</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">console</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.log</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">counter</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">()); </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 2</span></span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>闭包的一个常见应用是使函数有私有变量。在上面的例子中，变量 <code>count</code> 就像 <code>createCounter</code> 函数的私有变量，外部无法访问，只能通过闭包来操作。</p>
|
||
<h5 id="异步处理">异步处理<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#异步处理" class="internal"> §</a></h5>
|
||
<p>JavaScript 是单线程的，但是它可以通过事件和回调函数来处理异步操作。例如，我们可以使用 <code>setTimeout</code> 函数来延迟执行一段代码：</p>
|
||
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="js" data-theme="default"><code data-language="js" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">console</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.log</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'Hello'</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">);</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">setTimeout</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">function</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">() {</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">console</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.log</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'World'</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">);</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">}</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">,</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">1000</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">);</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">console</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.log</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'!'</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">);</span></span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>这段代码会首先输出 ‘Hello’ 和 ’!’，然后等待一秒钟后，再输出 ‘World’。虽然 <code>setTimeout</code> 函数在 ’!’ 之前调用，但是它不会阻塞代码的执行。</p>
|
||
<p>在 ES6 中，JavaScript 引入了 Promise 和 async/await，使得异步编程更加方便和强大。</p>
|
||
<h5 id="模块">模块<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#模块" class="internal"> §</a></h5>
|
||
<p>在现代的 JavaScript 开发中，我们通常会把代码分成多个模块（module），每个模块负责一部分功能。模块可以导入（import）其他模块，也可以导出（export）自己的接口给其他模块使用。</p>
|
||
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="js" data-theme="default"><code data-language="js" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// math.js</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">export</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">function</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">add</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(x</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">,</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> y) {</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">return</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> x </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">+</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> y;</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">}</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line> </span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// main.js</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">import</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> { add } </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">from</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'./math.js'</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">;</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">console</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.log</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">add</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">1</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">,</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">2</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">)); </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 3</span></span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>模块可以使我们的代码更加结构化和可维护。</p>
|
||
<h3 id="bom-模型">BOM 模型<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#bom-模型" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
|
||
<p>**浏览器对象模型（Browser Object Model，BOM）是用于与浏览器交互的模型。**它提供了一种方式，使开发者能够通过 JavaScript 访问和操作浏览器的窗口。</p>
|
||
<p>BOM 主要由一系列的对象组成，这些对象提供了许多方法和属性，使得开发者能够处理浏览器窗口和文档的加载、大小、位置等各种情况，以及进行网络通信等操作。</p>
|
||
<p>BOM 的核心对象是 <code>window</code>，它代表了浏览器的窗口，也是 JavaScript 的全局对象。除此之外，BOM 还包括了其他一些对象，例如：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><code>location</code> 对象：提供了当前窗口中加载的文档的 URL 信息，以及用于导航的方法。</li>
|
||
<li><code>navigator</code> 对象：提供了当前浏览器的信息，比如版本、名称等。</li>
|
||
<li><code>history</code> 对象：提供了浏览器历史的信息，以及用于导航的方法。</li>
|
||
<li><code>document</code> 对象：提供了当前加载在窗口中的 HTML 文档的访问和操作的方式。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<pre><code class="mermaid">classDiagram
|
||
Window --|> Document: "document"
|
||
Window --|> Navigator: "navigator"
|
||
Window --|> History: "history"
|
||
Window --|> Location: "location"
|
||
Window --|> Screen: "screen"
|
||
Window --|> Frames: "frames"
|
||
Window --|> Performance: "performance"
|
||
Window --|> localStorage: "localStorage"
|
||
Window --|> sessionStorage: "sessionStorage"
|
||
Window --|> console: "console"
|
||
class Window {
|
||
+open()
|
||
+close()
|
||
+getComputedStyle()
|
||
+setTimeout()
|
||
+setInterval()
|
||
+clearTimeout()
|
||
+clearInterval()
|
||
+fetch()
|
||
}
|
||
class Document {
|
||
+getElementById(id)
|
||
+getElementsByClassName(name)
|
||
+getElementsByTagName(name)
|
||
+querySelector(selector)
|
||
+querySelectorAll(selector)
|
||
+createElement(tagName)
|
||
+createTextNode(data)
|
||
}
|
||
class Navigator {
|
||
+appName
|
||
+appVersion
|
||
+userAgent
|
||
+platform
|
||
+language
|
||
+onLine
|
||
+geolocation
|
||
+cookieEnabled
|
||
+javaEnabled()
|
||
}
|
||
class History {
|
||
+back()
|
||
+forward()
|
||
+go(n)
|
||
+pushState()
|
||
+replaceState()
|
||
}
|
||
class Location {
|
||
+href
|
||
+protocol
|
||
+host
|
||
+hostname
|
||
+port
|
||
+pathname
|
||
+search
|
||
+hash
|
||
+reload()
|
||
+assign(URL)
|
||
+replace(URL)
|
||
}
|
||
class Screen {
|
||
+availWidth
|
||
+availHeight
|
||
+width
|
||
+height
|
||
+colorDepth
|
||
+pixelDepth
|
||
}
|
||
class Frames
|
||
class Performance
|
||
class localStorage {
|
||
+setItem()
|
||
+getItem()
|
||
+removeItem()
|
||
+clear()
|
||
}
|
||
class sessionStorage {
|
||
+setItem()
|
||
+getItem()
|
||
+removeItem()
|
||
+clear()
|
||
}
|
||
class console {
|
||
+log()
|
||
+info()
|
||
+warn()
|
||
+error()
|
||
}
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>需要注意的是，**BOM 并没有一个标准的定义，不同的浏览器可能实现了不同的 BOM。**但是，现代的浏览器已经在很大程度上实现了 BOM 的兼容性。</p>
|
||
<h4 id="窗口对象">窗口对象<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#窗口对象" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
||
<p>窗口对象（Window Object）是 BOM 的核心对象，它代表了浏览器的窗口。所有的全局变量，函数都是它的方法和属性。例如，我们可以获取窗口的尺寸：</p>
|
||
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="javascript" data-theme="default"><code data-language="javascript" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">let</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> width </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">window</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">.innerWidth;</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">let</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> height </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">window</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">.innerHeight;</span></span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>我们也可以使用 <code>setTimeout</code> 和 <code>setInterval</code> 方法来执行定时操作：</p>
|
||
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="javascript" data-theme="default"><code data-language="javascript" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 打印 "Hello, world!" 然后 2 秒后关闭窗口</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">window</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.setTimeout</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">function</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">() {</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">console</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.log</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">"Hello, world!"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">);</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">window</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.close</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">();</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">}</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">,</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">2000</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">);</span></span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>以下是 <code>window</code> 对象的一些常用属性和方法的表格形式：</p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
||
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<table><thead><tr><th>类型</th><th>名称</th><th>描述</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>属性</td><td><code>window.innerWidth</code></td><td>浏览器窗口的视口（viewport）的宽度（包括滚动条）</td></tr><tr><td>属性</td><td><code>window.innerHeight</code></td><td>浏览器窗口的视口（viewport）的高度（包括滚动条）</td></tr><tr><td>属性</td><td><code>window.outerWidth</code></td><td>浏览器窗口的外部宽度</td></tr><tr><td>属性</td><td><code>window.outerHeight</code></td><td>浏览器窗口的外部高度</td></tr><tr><td>属性</td><td><code>window.location</code></td><td>当前窗口的 <code>Location</code> 对象，包含了当前页面的 URL 信息</td></tr><tr><td>属性</td><td><code>window.document</code></td><td>当前窗口加载的 <code>Document</code> 对象，即 DOM（文档对象模型）</td></tr><tr><td>属性</td><td><code>window.history</code></td><td>当前窗口的 <code>History</code> 对象，提供了浏览历史的访问和操作</td></tr><tr><td>属性</td><td><code>window.screen</code></td><td>当前屏幕的 <code>Screen</code> 对象，提供了屏幕的信息</td></tr><tr><td>方法</td><td><code>window.alert()</code></td><td>显示一个警告对话框</td></tr><tr><td>方法</td><td><code>window.prompt()</code></td><td>显示一个提示对话框，并请求用户输入</td></tr><tr><td>方法</td><td><code>window.confirm()</code></td><td>显示一个确认对话框，并请求用户确认</td></tr><tr><td>方法</td><td><code>window.open()</code></td><td>打开一个新的浏览器窗口或标签页</td></tr><tr><td>方法</td><td><code>window.close()</code></td><td>关闭当前的浏览器窗口或标签页</td></tr><tr><td>方法</td><td><code>window.setTimeout()</code></td><td>设置一个定时器，在指定的毫秒数后执行一个函数或代码</td></tr><tr><td>方法</td><td><code>window.setInterval()</code></td><td>设置一个定时器，每隔指定的毫秒数重复执行一个函数或代码</td></tr><tr><td>方法</td><td><code>window.clearTimeout()</code></td><td>清除由 <code>setTimeout</code> 设置的定时器</td></tr><tr><td>方法</td><td><code>window.clearInterval()</code></td><td>清除由 <code>setInterval</code> 设置的定时器</td></tr></tbody></table>
|
||
<h4 id="文档对象">文档对象<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#文档对象" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
||
<p>文档对象（Document Object）是 HTML 文档的根节点，用于访问和操作网页内容。<code>document</code> 对象允许你访问和操作页面的内容，包括元素节点、属性节点和文本节点。</p>
|
||
<p>以下是 <code>document</code> 对象的一些常见属性和方法：</p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<table><thead><tr><th>类型</th><th>名称</th><th>描述</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>属性</td><td><code>document.documentElement</code></td><td>返回文档的根元素（在 HTML 中，通常是 <code><html></code> 元素）</td></tr><tr><td>属性</td><td><code>document.body</code></td><td>返回文档的 <code><body></code> 元素</td></tr><tr><td>属性</td><td><code>document.head</code></td><td>返回文档的 <code><head></code> 元素</td></tr><tr><td>属性</td><td><code>document.title</code></td><td>获取或设置文档的标题</td></tr><tr><td>方法</td><td><code>document.getElementById(id)</code></td><td>返回具有指定 ID 的元素</td></tr><tr><td>方法</td><td><code>document.getElementsByClassName(name)</code></td><td>返回所有具有指定类名的元素的集合</td></tr><tr><td>方法</td><td><code>document.getElementsByTagName(name)</code></td><td>返回所有具有指定标签名的元素的集合</td></tr><tr><td>方法</td><td><code>document.querySelector(selector)</code></td><td>返回匹配指定 CSS 选择器的第一个元素</td></tr><tr><td>方法</td><td><code>document.querySelectorAll(selector)</code></td><td>返回匹配指定 CSS 选择器的所有元素的集合</td></tr><tr><td>方法</td><td><code>document.createElement(tagName)</code></td><td>创建一个新的元素节点</td></tr><tr><td>方法</td><td><code>document.createTextNode(data)</code></td><td>创建一个新的文本节点</td></tr></tbody></table>
|
||
<p>这些只是 <code>document</code> 对象的基本属性和方法。实际上，DOM 提供了非常多的 API 来查询和操作文档，包括添加、删除和修改元素，添加事件监听器，修改 CSS 样式等等。</p>
|
||
<p>例如，我们可以使用 <code>document.getElementById()</code> 来获取具有特定 ID 的元素，或者使用 <code>document.createElement()</code> 来创建新的元素：</p>
|
||
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="javascript" data-theme="default"><code data-language="javascript" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 获取 ID 为 "myElement" 的元素</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">let</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> myElement </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">document</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.getElementById</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">"myElement"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">);</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line> </span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 创建一个新的 <p> 元素</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">let</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> newElement </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">document</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.createElement</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">"p"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">);</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">newElement</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">.textContent </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">"This is a new paragraph."</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">;</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">document</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">body</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.appendChild</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(newElement);</span></span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<h4 id="导航对象">导航对象<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#导航对象" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
||
<p>导航对象（Navigator Object）提供了关于浏览器的信息。下面是一些常见的 <code>navigator</code> 对象的属性：</p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
<table><thead><tr><th>类型</th><th>名称</th><th>描述</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>属性</td><td><code>navigator.appName</code></td><td>返回浏览器的名称</td></tr><tr><td>属性</td><td><code>navigator.appVersion</code></td><td>返回浏览器的版本信息</td></tr><tr><td>属性</td><td><code>navigator.userAgent</code></td><td>返回用户代理头的字符串表示（包含浏览器名称、版本、操作系统等信息）</td></tr><tr><td>属性</td><td><code>navigator.platform</code></td><td>返回运行浏览器的操作系统平台</td></tr><tr><td>属性</td><td><code>navigator.language</code></td><td>返回浏览器的默认语言</td></tr><tr><td>属性</td><td><code>navigator.onLine</code></td><td>返回浏览器的在线状态，如果浏览器在线则返回 <code>true</code>，否则返回 <code>false</code></td></tr></tbody></table>
|
||
<p>另外，<code>navigator</code> 对象还包含一些用于特定功能的方法和对象，例如：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><code>navigator.geolocation</code>：用于获取用户的地理位置信息。</li>
|
||
<li><code>navigator.cookieEnabled</code>：返回一个布尔值，表示是否启用了 cookie。</li>
|
||
<li><code>navigator.javaEnabled()</code>：返回一个布尔值，表示是否启用了 Java。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>请注意，<code>navigator</code> 对象的一些属性和方法可能会因浏览器的不同而有所差异。而且，由于隐私和安全的考虑，某些信息可能需要用户的许可才能访问。</p>
|
||
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="javascript" data-theme="default"><code data-language="javascript" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">console</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.log</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">navigator</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">.userAgent);</span></span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<h4 id="历史对象">历史对象<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#历史对象" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
||
<p>历史对象（History Object）提供了浏览器历史记录的操作方法。然而，由于隐私原因，您不能获取到用户的浏览历史具体细节，但可以用 <code>history</code> 对象来操作当前窗口的浏览历史。</p>
|
||
<p>以下是 <code>history</code> 对象的一些常见方法：</p>
|
||
|
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||
<table><thead><tr><th>类型</th><th>名称</th><th>描述</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>方法</td><td><code>history.back()</code></td><td>和点击浏览器后退按钮一样，加载历史列表中的前一个 URL</td></tr><tr><td>方法</td><td><code>history.forward()</code></td><td>和点击浏览器前进按钮一样，加载历史列表中的下一个 URL</td></tr><tr><td>方法</td><td><code>history.go(n)</code></td><td>加载历史列表中的某个具体页面，通过参数 <code>n</code> 指定。<code>n</code> 为正数时前进，<code>n</code> 为负数时后退，<code>n</code> 为 0 时刷新当前页面</td></tr><tr><td>方法</td><td><code>history.pushState()</code></td><td>在历史记录中添加一个状态，但不触发页面刷新</td></tr><tr><td>方法</td><td><code>history.replaceState()</code></td><td>在历史记录中替换当前状态，但不触发页面刷新</td></tr></tbody></table>
|
||
<p>注意，<code>pushState()</code> 和 <code>replaceState()</code> 方法可以改变 URL 并添加历史记录，但并不会重新加载页面。这对于创建 AJAX 驱动的动态页面非常有用。</p>
|
||
<p>还有一个 <code>history.length</code> 属性，它返回当前窗口历史堆栈中的 URL 数量。由于安全和隐私原因，您无法访问堆栈中的实际 URL。</p>
|
||
<p>例如，我们可以使用 <code>history.back()</code> 和 <code>history.forward()</code> 方法来模拟用户点击浏览器的后退和前进按钮：</p>
|
||
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="javascript" data-theme="default"><code data-language="javascript" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 后退到上一个页面</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">history</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.back</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">();</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line> </span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 前进到下一个页面</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">history</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.forward</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">();</span></span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<h4 id="位置对象">位置对象<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#位置对象" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
||
<p>位置对象（Location Object）提供了当前窗口或标签的 URL 信息，以及一些方法来操作 URL。</p>
|
||
<p>以下是 <code>location</code> 对象的一些常见属性和方法：</p>
|
||
|
||
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||
<table><thead><tr><th>类型</th><th>名称</th><th>描述</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>属性</td><td><code>location.href</code></td><td>获取或设置整个 URL</td></tr><tr><td>属性</td><td><code>location.protocol</code></td><td>返回 URL 的协议部分（如：“http:” 或 “https:“）</td></tr><tr><td>属性</td><td><code>location.host</code></td><td>返回 URL 的主机名和端口（如果有的话）</td></tr><tr><td>属性</td><td><code>location.hostname</code></td><td>返回 URL 的主机名</td></tr><tr><td>属性</td><td><code>location.port</code></td><td>返回 URL 的端口号</td></tr><tr><td>属性</td><td><code>location.pathname</code></td><td>返回 URL 的路径名</td></tr><tr><td>属性</td><td><code>location.search</code></td><td>返回 URL 的查询字符串（包括 ”?“）</td></tr><tr><td>属性</td><td><code>location.hash</code></td><td>返回 URL 的片段标识符（包括 ”#“）</td></tr><tr><td>方法</td><td><code>location.reload()</code></td><td>重新加载当前页面</td></tr><tr><td>方法</td><td><code>location.assign(URL)</code></td><td>加载新的页面</td></tr><tr><td>方法</td><td><code>location.replace(URL)</code></td><td>替换当前页面</td></tr></tbody></table>
|
||
<p>这些属性和方法使我们可以从 JavaScript 中读取和操作 URL 的各个部分。例如，我们可以使用 <code>location.href</code> 来获取当前页面的 URL，或者使用 <code>location.assign()</code> 来加载一个新的页面。还要注意的是，使用 <code>location.replace()</code> 方法不会在历史记录中留下记录，所以用户不能使用 ” 后退 ” 按钮返回。</p>
|
||
<p>例如，我们可以使用 <code>location.href</code> 来获取或设置当前页面的 URL，或者使用 <code>location.reload()</code> 来重载当前页面：</p>
|
||
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="javascript" data-theme="default"><code data-language="javascript" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 打印当前页面的 URL</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">console</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.log</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">location</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">.href);</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line> </span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 重载当前页面</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">location</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.reload</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">();</span></span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<h4 id="屏幕对象">屏幕对象<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#屏幕对象" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
||
<p>屏幕对象（Screen Object）提供了关于用户的屏幕信息。这些信息包括屏幕的宽度、高度、颜色深度和像素深度等。以下是 <code>screen</code> 对象的一些常见属性：</p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
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|
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|
||
<table><thead><tr><th>类型</th><th>名称</th><th>描述</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>属性</td><td><code>screen.availWidth</code></td><td>返回屏幕的可用宽度，以像素为单位（减去界面特性，如 Windows 任务栏）</td></tr><tr><td>属性</td><td><code>screen.availHeight</code></td><td>返回屏幕的可用高度，以像素为单位（减去界面特性，如 Windows 任务栏）</td></tr><tr><td>属性</td><td><code>screen.width</code></td><td>返回屏幕的总宽度，以像素为单位</td></tr><tr><td>属性</td><td><code>screen.height</code></td><td>返回屏幕的总高度，以像素为单位</td></tr><tr><td>属性</td><td><code>screen.colorDepth</code></td><td>返回目标设备或缓冲器上的颜色深度，以位为单位</td></tr><tr><td>属性</td><td><code>screen.pixelDepth</code></td><td>返回屏幕的像素深度</td></tr></tbody></table>
|
||
<p>这些属性可以帮助你了解用户的屏幕信息，并据此调整网页的布局或设计。例如，你可以根据 <code>screen.width</code> 和 <code>screen.height</code> 来调整网页的大小，以最佳地适应用户的屏幕。</p>
|
||
<p>注意，<code>screen</code> 对象的属性是只读的，你不能修改它们的值。我们可以使用 <code>screen.width</code> 和 <code>screen.height</code> 来获取屏幕的宽度和高度：</p>
|
||
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="javascript" data-theme="default"><code data-language="javascript" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">console</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.log</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">"Screen width: "</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">+</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">screen</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">.width);</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">console</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.log</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">"Screen height: "</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">+</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">screen</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">.height);</span></span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<h3 id="dom-模型">DOM 模型<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#dom-模型" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
|
||
<p>**文档对象模型（Document Object Model，DOM）是一种编程接口，它允许程序和脚本动态地访问和更新文档的内容、结构和样式。**DOM 将文档解析为一个由节点和对象（包括属性和方法）构成的结构集合，这样就可以使用脚本语言（如 JavaScript）来操作这些节点和对象。</p>
|
||
<p>在 Web 中，最常见的文档类型是 HTML 或 XML 文档。对于这种类型的文档，DOM 表示它们为一个树状结构，其中每个节点都是一个对象，代表了文档的一部分。例如，HTML 文档中的每个元素、属性和文本都会被表示为一个 DOM 节点。</p>
|
||
<p>一个简单的 HTML DOM 结构可能会像下面这样：</p>
|
||
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="html" data-theme="default"><code data-language="html" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"><!</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">DOCTYPE</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">html</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">></span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"><</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">html</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">></span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> <</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">head</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">></span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> <</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">title</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">>My Page</</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">title</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">></span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">head</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">></span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> <</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">body</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">></span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> <</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">h1</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">>Welcome to My Page</</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">h1</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">></span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> <</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">p</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">>Content here</</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">p</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">></span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">body</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">></span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"></</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">html</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">></span></span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>在这个 HTML 文档中，<code><html></code>、<code><head></code>、<code><title></code>、<code><body></code>、<code><h1></code> 和 <code><p></code> 元素都是 DOM 节点。<code>My Page</code> 和 <code>Welcome to My Page</code> 以及 <code>Content here</code> 这些文本也是 DOM 节点，它们是元素节点的子节点。</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="mermaid">classDiagram
|
||
Document --|> HTMLElement: "elements"
|
||
HTMLElement --|> HTMLDivElement
|
||
HTMLElement --|> HTMLSpanElement
|
||
HTMLElement --|> HTMLAnchorElement
|
||
HTMLElement --|> HTMLImageElement
|
||
HTMLElement --|> HTMLParagraphElement
|
||
HTMLElement --|> HTMLInputElement
|
||
HTMLElement --|> HTMLButtonElement
|
||
HTMLElement --|> HTMLCanvasElement
|
||
HTMLElement --|> HTMLTableElement
|
||
class Document {
|
||
+getElementById(id)
|
||
+getElementsByClassName(name)
|
||
+getElementsByTagName(name)
|
||
+querySelector(selector)
|
||
+querySelectorAll(selector)
|
||
+createElement(tagName)
|
||
+createTextNode(data)
|
||
}
|
||
class HTMLElement {
|
||
+innerHTML
|
||
+outerHTML
|
||
+textContent
|
||
+id
|
||
+className
|
||
+setAttribute(name, value)
|
||
+getAttribute(name)
|
||
+removeAttribute(name)
|
||
+addEventListener(type, listener)
|
||
+removeEventListener(type, listener)
|
||
}
|
||
class HTMLDivElement
|
||
class HTMLSpanElement
|
||
class HTMLAnchorElement {
|
||
+href
|
||
}
|
||
class HTMLImageElement {
|
||
+src
|
||
+alt
|
||
}
|
||
class HTMLParagraphElement
|
||
class HTMLInputElement {
|
||
+value
|
||
+checked
|
||
}
|
||
class HTMLButtonElement {
|
||
+disabled
|
||
}
|
||
class HTMLCanvasElement
|
||
class HTMLTableElement
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>开发者可以使用 DOM API 来获取、创建、修改或删除这些节点，从而实现对网页内容和结构的动态控制。这是现代网页交互性的基础。</p>
|
||
<h4 id="获取元素">获取元素<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#获取元素" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
<table><thead><tr><th align="left">方法</th><th>描述</th><th>示例</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code>document.getElementById(id)</code></td><td>通过元素 ID 获取元素。此方法返回一个对象，表示带有指定 ID 的元素。</td><td><code>document.getElementById('myId')</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>document.getElementsByClassName(name)</code></td><td>通过类名获取元素。此方法返回一个 HTMLCollection 对象，包含了文档中所有具有指定类名的元素。</td><td><code>document.getElementsByClassName('myClass')</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>document.getElementsByTagName(name)</code></td><td>通过标签名获取元素。此方法返回一个 HTMLCollection 对象，包含了文档中所有具有指定标签名的元素。</td><td><code>document.getElementsByTagName('div')</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>document.querySelector(selector)</code></td><td>返回文档中匹配指定 CSS 选择器的第一个元素。</td><td><code>document.querySelector('.myClass')</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>document.querySelectorAll(selector)</code></td><td>返回文档中匹配指定 CSS 选择器的所有元素。此方法返回一个 NodeList 对象。</td><td><code>document.querySelectorAll('.myClass')</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>document.getElementsByName(name)</code></td><td>通过元素的 Name 属性获取元素。此方法返回一个 NodeList 对象，包含了文档中所有具有指定 Name 属性的元素。</td><td><code>document.getElementsByName('myName')</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>Element.querySelector(selector)</code></td><td>返回元素内部匹配指定 CSS 选择器的第一个元素。</td><td><code>document.getElementById('myId').querySelector('.myClass')</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>Element.querySelectorAll(selector)</code></td><td>返回元素内部匹配指定 CSS 选择器的所有元素。此方法返回一个 NodeList 对象。</td><td><code>document.getElementById('myId').querySelectorAll('.myClass')</code></td></tr></tbody></table>
|
||
<p>请注意，<code>Element.querySelector</code> 和 <code>Element.querySelectorAll</code> 与 <code>document.querySelector</code> 和 <code>document.querySelectorAll</code> 类似，但它们只在指定元素的后代中查找，而不是在整个文档中查找。</p>
|
||
<p>例如:</p>
|
||
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="js" data-theme="default"><code data-language="js" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 获取 id 为 title 的元素</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">const</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">title</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">document</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.getElementById</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'title'</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">); </span></span>
|
||
<span data-line> </span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 获取所有 <p> 元素</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">const</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">ps</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">document</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.getElementsByTagName</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'p'</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">);</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line> </span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 获取所有 class 为 content 的元素 </span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">const</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">contents</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">document</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.getElementsByClassName</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'content'</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">);</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line> </span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 获取第一个 class 为 content 的元素</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">const</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">content</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">document</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.querySelector</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'.content'</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">); </span></span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<h4 id="改变元素">改变元素<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#改变元素" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<table><thead><tr><th>方法</th><th>描述</th><th>示例</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>element.setAttribute(name, value)</code></td><td>设置元素的属性。此方法会设置或更新元素的属性。</td><td><code>element.setAttribute('class', 'myClass')</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>element.getAttribute(name)</code></td><td>获取元素的属性值。此方法返回指定属性的值，如果该属性不存在，则返回 <code>null</code>。</td><td><code>element.getAttribute('class')</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>element.removeAttribute(name)</code></td><td>删除元素的属性。此方法会完全移除元素的指定属性。</td><td><code>element.removeAttribute('class')</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>element.classList.add(class1, class2, ...)</code></td><td>向元素添加一个或多个类。此方法会向元素的类列表添加一个或多个类名。如果指定的类名已存在，则不会添加。</td><td><code>element.classList.add('myClass')</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>element.classList.remove(class1, class2, ...)</code></td><td>从元素中删除一个或多个类。此方法会从元素的类列表中删除一个或多个类名。</td><td><code>element.classList.remove('myClass')</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>element.classList.toggle(class, true/false)</code></td><td>切换元素的类。如果类名存在，则删除它；如果类名不存在，则添加它。</td><td><code>element.classList.toggle('myClass')</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>element.style.cssText</code></td><td>设置或返回元素的样式属性。此属性返回一个 CSSStyleDeclaration 对象，代表元素的 <code>style</code> 属性。</td><td><code>element.style.cssText = 'color: red; background: blue;'</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>element.style.property</code></td><td>设置或返回元素的指定样式属性。此属性会设置或返回元素的指定样式属性。</td><td><code>element.style.color = 'red'</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>element.innerHTML</code></td><td>设置或返回元素的 HTML 内容。此属性会设置或返回元素的内部 HTML。</td><td><code>element.innerHTML = '<b>Hello</b>'</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>element.outerHTML</code></td><td>设置或返回元素的外部 HTML。此属性会设置或返回元素的开头和结尾标签，包括元素的所有后代。</td><td><code>console.log(element.outerHTML)</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>element.textContent</code></td><td>设置或返回元素的文本内容。此属性会设置或返回元素的所有文本内容，包括它的所有后代。</td><td><code>element.textContent = 'Hello'</code></td></tr></tbody></table>
|
||
<p>请注意，每个属性和方法可能有其适用性和局限性。在使用它们的时候，需要考虑到你的需求和它们的特性。</p>
|
||
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="js" data-theme="default"><code data-language="js" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 改变内容</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">title</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">.innerHTML </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'New title'</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">; </span></span>
|
||
<span data-line> </span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 改变样式</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">title</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">style</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">.color </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'red'</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">;</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line> </span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 显示/隐藏</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">content</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">style</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">.display </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'none'</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">;</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line> </span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 添加类</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">content</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">classList</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.add</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'hidden'</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">); </span></span>
|
||
<span data-line> </span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 删除类</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">content</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">classList</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.remove</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'hidden'</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">);</span></span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<h4 id="创建元素">创建元素<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#创建元素" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<table><thead><tr><th>方法</th><th>描述</th><th>示例</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>document.createElement(tagName)</code></td><td>创建一个新元素。此方法创建一个具有指定标签名的新元素。</td><td><code>let div = document.createElement('div')</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>document.createTextNode(data)</code></td><td>创建一个新的文本节点。此方法创建一个包含指定文本的新 Text 节点。</td><td><code>let text = document.createTextNode('Hello')</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>Node.appendChild(child)</code></td><td>向元素添加一个新的子节点。此方法将指定的节点添加到指定节点的子节点列表的末尾。</td><td><code>div.appendChild(text)</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>Node.insertBefore(newNode, referenceNode)</code></td><td>在参考节点之前插入一个新节点。此方法将指定的节点插入到参考节点之前。如果参考节点为 <code>null</code>，则新节点将被添加到子节点的末尾。</td><td><code>document.body.insertBefore(div, document.body.firstChild)</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>Element.insertAdjacentHTML(position, text)</code></td><td>解析指定的文本作为 HTML 或 XML，并将生成的节点插入到 DOM 树的指定位置。此方法不会重新解析它正在使用的元素，因此它不会破坏元素内的现有元素。</td><td><code>div.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', '<span>Hello</span>')</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>Element.insertAdjacentText(position, text)</code></td><td>将指定的文本插入到 DOM 树的指定位置。此方法不会重新解析它正在使用的元素，因此它不会破坏元素内的现有元素。</td><td><code>div.insertAdjacentText('beforeend', 'Hello')</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>Element.insertAdjacentElement(position, element)</code></td><td>将指定的元素插入到 DOM 树的指定位置。此方法不会重新解析它正在使用的元素，因此它不会破坏元素内的现有元素。</td><td><code>let span = document.createElement('span'); div.insertAdjacentElement('beforeend', span)</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>Node.cloneNode(deep)</code></td><td>创建指定节点的副本。此方法创建一个新的节点，这个节点是调用此方法的节点的副本。如果 deep 参数为 true，则复制包括整个子 DOM 树，否则只复制节点本身。</td><td><code>let divClone = div.cloneNode(true)</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>Node.replaceChild(newChild, oldChild)</code></td><td>替换一个子节点。此方法将 oldChild 替换为 newChild。</td><td><code>div.replaceChild(newSpan, oldSpan)</code></td></tr></tbody></table>
|
||
<p>这些方法为您提供了创建和操纵 DOM 元素的强大工具。在实际开发中，您可能会经常使用它们来动态地更新页面内容。</p>
|
||
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="js" data-theme="default"><code data-language="js" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 创建新元素</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">const</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">div</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">document</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.createElement</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'div'</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">);</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line> </span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 设置属性</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">div</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">.innerHTML </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'Hello World'</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">; </span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">div</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">style</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">.color </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'blue'</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">;</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line> </span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 插入到文档中</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">document</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">body</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.appendChild</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(div);</span></span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<h4 id="事件处理">事件处理<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#事件处理" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
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||
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||
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||
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||
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||
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||
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|
||
|
||
|
||
<table><thead><tr><th>方法</th><th>描述</th><th>示例</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>element.addEventListener(event, function, useCapture)</code></td><td>为元素添加事件监听器。此方法在指定元素上添加一个事件处理程序。</td><td><code>element.addEventListener('click', myFunction)</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>element.removeEventListener(event, function, useCapture)</code></td><td>从元素中移除事件监听器。此方法从指定元素中移除事件处理程序。</td><td><code>element.removeEventListener('click', myFunction)</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>element.onclick</code></td><td>为元素设置 click 事件处理程序。此属性返回当前元素的 onclick 事件处理程序代码，或设置一个新的 onclick 事件处理程序代码。</td><td><code>element.onclick = myFunction</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>event.preventDefault()</code></td><td>取消事件的默认动作。此方法阻止事件的默认动作。例如，点击链接的默认动作是跳转到链接的 URL，当调用此方法后，点击链接不会跳转。</td><td><code>event.preventDefault()</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>event.stopPropagation()</code></td><td>阻止事件冒泡。此方法阻止事件向上冒泡到 DOM 树。</td><td><code>event.stopPropagation()</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>event.stopImmediatePropagation()</code></td><td>阻止剩余的事件处理程序被执行并阻止事件冒泡到 DOM 树。</td><td><code>event.stopImmediatePropagation()</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>event.target</code></td><td>返回触发事件的元素。此属性返回触发事件的元素。</td><td><code>let targetElement = event.target</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>event.type</code></td><td>返回事件的名称。此属性返回表示事件名称的字符串。</td><td><code>let eventType = event.type</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>event.clientX</code> and <code>event.clientY</code></td><td>返回鼠标事件发生时鼠标指针的位置。这两个属性返回鼠标指针相对于浏览器窗口的水平和垂直坐标。</td><td><code>let x = event.clientX; let y = event.clientY</code></td></tr></tbody></table>
|
||
<p>这些都是最常用的事件处理方法和属性。实际上，还有更多的事件类型和与事件相关的方法和属性，它们可以用来处理键盘事件、触摸事件、拖放事件等等。请查阅相关文档以获取更多信息。</p>
|
||
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="js" data-theme="default"><code data-language="js" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 点击事件</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">btn</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.addEventListener</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'click'</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">,</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> () </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=></span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> {</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 点击时运行的代码</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">});</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line> </span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 加载事件</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">window</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.addEventListener</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'load'</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">,</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> () </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=></span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> {</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 页面加载完成后运行的代码</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">});</span></span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<h3 id="事件处理-1">事件处理<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#事件处理-1" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
|
||
<p>JavaScript 可以对各种事件做出响应。</p>
|
||
<h4 id="鼠标事件">鼠标事件<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#鼠标事件" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
||
<p>常见的鼠标事件:</p>
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<table><thead><tr><th>事件类型</th><th>描述</th><th>示例</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>click</code></td><td>鼠标点击一个元素时触发。</td><td><code>element.addEventListener('click', myFunction)</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>dblclick</code></td><td>鼠标双击一个元素时触发。</td><td><code>element.addEventListener('dblclick', myFunction)</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>mousedown</code></td><td>鼠标按钮被按下时触发。</td><td><code>element.addEventListener('mousedown', myFunction)</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>mouseup</code></td><td>鼠标按钮被松开时触发。</td><td><code>element.addEventListener('mouseup', myFunction)</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>mousemove</code></td><td>鼠标被移动时触发。</td><td><code>element.addEventListener('mousemove', myFunction)</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>mouseover</code></td><td>鼠标指针移动到元素上时触发。</td><td><code>element.addEventListener('mouseover', myFunction)</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>mouseout</code></td><td>鼠标指针移动出元素时触发。</td><td><code>element.addEventListener('mouseout', myFunction)</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>mouseenter</code></td><td>鼠标指针移动到元素上时触发，不冒泡。</td><td><code>element.addEventListener('mouseenter', myFunction)</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>mouseleave</code></td><td>鼠标指针移动出元素时触发，不冒泡。</td><td><code>element.addEventListener('mouseleave', myFunction)</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>contextmenu</code></td><td>当尝试在元素上打开上下文菜单时（通常通过右键点击）触发。</td><td><code>element.addEventListener('contextmenu', myFunction)</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>mousewheel</code> / <code>wheel</code></td><td>当鼠标滚轮被滚动时触发。</td><td><code>element.addEventListener('wheel', myFunction)</code></td></tr></tbody></table>
|
||
<p>在这些事件处理程序中，你可以使用 <code>event</code> 对象来访问事件的相关信息，比如触发事件的元素 (<code>event.target</code>)，鼠标的位置 (<code>event.clientX</code> 和 <code>event.clientY</code>)，以及鼠标按钮的状态 (<code>event.button</code>) 等等。</p>
|
||
<p>例如:</p>
|
||
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="js" data-theme="default"><code data-language="js" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 点击事件</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">btn</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.addEventListener</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'click'</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">,</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> () </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=></span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> {</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">console</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.log</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'Button clicked'</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">);</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">})</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line> </span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 移动事件</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">window</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.addEventListener</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'mousemove'</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">,</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> (event) </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=></span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> {</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">console</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.log</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'鼠标坐标:'</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">+</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">event</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">.clientX </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">+</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">', '</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">+</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">event</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">.clientY); </span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">})</span></span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<h4 id="键盘事件">键盘事件<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#键盘事件" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
||
<p>常见的键盘事件:</p>
|
||
|
||
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|
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<table><thead><tr><th>事件类型</th><th>描述</th><th>示例</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>keydown</code></td><td>当用户按下键盘按键时触发。</td><td><code>window.addEventListener('keydown', myFunction)</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>keyup</code></td><td>当用户释放键盘按键时触发。</td><td><code>window.addEventListener('keyup', myFunction)</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>keypress</code></td><td>当用户按下并释放键盘按键时触发。</td><td><code>window.addEventListener('keypress', myFunction)</code></td></tr></tbody></table>
|
||
<p>在这些事件处理程序中，你可以使用 <code>event</code> 对象来访问事件的相关信息，例如：</p>
|
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<table><thead><tr><th>属性</th><th>描述</th><th>示例</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>event.key</code></td><td>返回被按下的键的字符。</td><td><code>let key = event.key</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>event.code</code></td><td>返回被按下的物理键的代码。</td><td><code>let code = event.code</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>event.altKey</code></td><td>如果 Alt 键被按下时返回 <code>true</code>，否则返回 <code>false</code>。</td><td><code>let altKeyPressed = event.altKey</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>event.ctrlKey</code></td><td>如果 Ctrl 键被按下时返回 <code>true</code>，否则返回 <code>false</code>。</td><td><code>let ctrlKeyPressed = event.ctrlKey</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>event.shiftKey</code></td><td>如果 Shift 键被按下时返回 <code>true</code>，否则返回 <code>false</code>。</td><td><code>let shiftKeyPressed = event.shiftKey</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>event.metaKey</code></td><td>如果 Meta 键（在 Windows 键盘上通常是 Windows 键，在 Apple 键盘上通常是 Command 键）被按下时返回 <code>true</code>，否则返回 <code>false</code>。</td><td><code>let metaKeyPressed = event.metaKey</code></td></tr></tbody></table>
|
||
<p>请注意，键盘事件通常在 <code>window</code> 对象上监听，而不是特定的元素上，因为键盘输入通常是全局的。例如:</p>
|
||
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="js" data-theme="default"><code data-language="js" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 按下任意键时打印</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">document</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.addEventListener</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'keydown'</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">,</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> (event) </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=></span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> {</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">console</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.log</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'Pressed key: '</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">+</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">event</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">.key);</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">});</span></span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<h4 id="其他事件">其他事件<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#其他事件" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
||
<p>还有一些其他常用的事件:</p>
|
||
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<table><thead><tr><th>事件类型</th><th>描述</th><th>示例</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>load</code></td><td>当页面完全加载后（包括所有图像、脚本文件、CSS 文件等）触发。</td><td><code>window.addEventListener('load', myFunction)</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>unload</code></td><td>当页面即将被卸载（或关闭）时触发。</td><td><code>window.addEventListener('unload', myFunction)</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>beforeunload</code></td><td>当窗口即将卸载新的页面时触发。这个事件可以用来提示用户是否真的要离开当前页面（例如，如果有未保存的更改）。</td><td><code>window.addEventListener('beforeunload', myFunction)</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>resize</code></td><td>当浏览器窗口被调整大小时触发。</td><td><code>window.addEventListener('resize', myFunction)</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>scroll</code></td><td>当用户滚动指定的元素或页面时触发。</td><td><code>window.addEventListener('scroll', myFunction)</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>focus</code></td><td>当元素获得焦点时触发。</td><td><code>element.addEventListener('focus', myFunction)</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>blur</code></td><td>当元素失去焦点时触发。</td><td><code>element.addEventListener('blur', myFunction)</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>input</code></td><td>当 <code><input></code>、<code><select></code> 或 <code><textarea></code> 元素的值改变时触发。</td><td><code>element.addEventListener('input', myFunction)</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>change</code></td><td>当用户改变 <code><input></code>、<code><select></code> 或 <code><textarea></code> 元素的值并且失去焦点时触发。</td><td><code>element.addEventListener('change', myFunction)</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>submit</code></td><td>当表单提交时触发。</td><td><code>element.addEventListener('submit', myFunction)</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>touchstart</code></td><td>当用户触摸屏幕时触发。</td><td><code>element.addEventListener('touchstart', myFunction)</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>touchmove</code></td><td>当用户在屏幕上移动触摸点时触发。</td><td><code>element.addEventListener('touchmove', myFunction)</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>touchend</code></td><td>当用户停止触摸屏幕时触发。</td><td><code>element.addEventListener('touchend', myFunction)</code></td></tr></tbody></table>
|
||
<p>这只是可能发生的事件类型的一部分。实际上，HTML DOM API 定义了很多不同的事件类型，可以用来处理各种各样的用户交互和页面生命周期事件。</p>
|
||
<h3 id="es6-新特性">ES6+ 新特性<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#es6-新特性" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
|
||
<p>ES6 开始 JavaScript 引入了许多新特性,极大地丰富了语言本身。</p>
|
||
<h4 id="let-和-const">Let 和 Const<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#let-和-const" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>let 声明的变量有块级作用域，这意味着 let 声明的变量只在其声明的块或子块中可用，而在外部不可访问。这与 var 不同，var 声明的变量是函数作用域或全局作用域。</li>
|
||
<li>const 声明的是不可修改的常量，一旦声明，其值就不能改变。这并不意味着它指向的对象不可改变，例如，const 声明的对象，我们仍然可以修改其属性。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h4 id="箭头函数">箭头函数<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#箭头函数" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
||
<p>箭头函数提供了一种更简洁的函数定义方式，它有几个特点：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>更简洁的语法</li>
|
||
<li>不绑定自己的 this，它会捕获其所在的上下文的 this 值作为自己的 this 值</li>
|
||
<li>没有 arguments 对象，如果你需要类似的功能，可以使用 rest 参数代替</li>
|
||
<li>不能作为构造函数，也就是说，不能使用 new 命令</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="js" data-theme="default"><code data-language="js" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 传统函数</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">function</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">add</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(a</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">,</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> b) {</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">return</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> a </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">+</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> b;</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">}</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line> </span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 箭头函数</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">const</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">add</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> (a</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">,</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> b) </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=></span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> a </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">+</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> b; </span></span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<h4 id="模板字符串">模板字符串<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#模板字符串" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
||
<p>模板字符串使用反引号 (“)，可以内嵌变量和表达式，也支持多行字符串。</p>
|
||
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="js" data-theme="default"><code data-language="js" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">const</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">name</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'John'</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">;</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">console</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.log</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">`Hello </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">${</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">name</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">}</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">!`</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">) </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// Hello John!</span></span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<h4 id="对象解构">对象解构<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#对象解构" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
||
<p>对象解构允许我们从对象中提取属性作为变量，这使得从对象中获取数据变得非常方便。解构也可以用于数组，可以让我们更快速地获取数组中的元素。</p>
|
||
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="js" data-theme="default"><code data-language="js" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">const</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">person</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> {</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> name</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'John'</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">,</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> age</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">20</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">};</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line> </span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 解构</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">const</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> { </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">name</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">,</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">age</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> } </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> person; </span></span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<h4 id="模块化">模块化<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#模块化" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
||
<p>ES6 引入了模块化的概念，可以使用 import 和 export 实现模块的导入和导出。这个特性使得 JavaScript 代码更加模块化，便于组织和管理。</p>
|
||
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="js" data-theme="default"><code data-language="js" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// foo.js</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">export</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">const</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">name</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'John'</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">;</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line> </span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// main.js</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">import</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> { name } </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">from</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'./foo.js'</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">;</span></span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>等等众多特性,极大地推动了 JavaScript 的发展。</p>
|
||
<h3 id="异步编程">异步编程<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#异步编程" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
|
||
<p>JavaScript 的异步编程主要基于 Promise 和 async/await。</p>
|
||
<h4 id="promise">Promise<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#promise" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
||
<p>Promise 是 JavaScript 中处理异步操作的一种方式，是一种代表未来将要发生事件的对象。Promise 有三种状态：pending（进行中）、fulfilled（已成功）和 rejected（已失败）。Promise 的状态一旦改变，就不会再变。</p>
|
||
<p>Promise 可以链式调用，这意味着我们可以在一个 Promise 完成后，返回一个新的 Promise，这使得我们可以以同步的方式编写异步代码。</p>
|
||
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="js" data-theme="default"><code data-language="js" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">function</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">fetchData</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">() {</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">return</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">new</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">Promise</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">((resolve</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">,</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> reject) </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=></span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> {</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 异步操作</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">setTimeout</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(() </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=></span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> {</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">const</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">data</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'Hello World'</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">;</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">resolve</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(data); </span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> }</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">,</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">3000</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">);</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> });</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">}</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line> </span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">fetchData</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">()</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.then</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(data </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=></span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> {</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 成功时调用</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">console</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.log</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(data);</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">});</span></span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<h4 id="asyncawait">async/await<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#asyncawait" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
||
<p>async/await 是基于 Promise 实现的，它是一种更人性化的处理异步的方式。它让异步代码看起来更像同步代码，大大提高了代码的可读性和可维护性。</p>
|
||
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="js" data-theme="default"><code data-language="js" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 用 async 声明一个异步函数</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">async</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">function</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">fetchData</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">() {</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 使用 await 获取 Promise 的结果</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">const</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">data</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">await</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">new</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">Promise</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">((resolve) </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=></span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> {</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">setTimeout</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(() </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=></span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> {</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">resolve</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'Hello World'</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">);</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> }</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">,</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">3000</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">);</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> });</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line> </span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">return</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> data;</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">}</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line> </span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);">// 调用异步函数</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">fetchData</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">()</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.then</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(data </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=></span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> {</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">console</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">.log</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(data); </span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">});</span></span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>使用 async 关键字声明的函数称为异步函数，它会隐式返回一个 Promise。await 关键字可以用于等待一个 Promise 完成并获取其结果。注意，await 关键字只能在 async 函数内部使用。</p>
|
||
<p>async/await 与 Promise 一样，有很好的错误处理机制。我们可以使用 try…catch 语句来捕获和处理 Promise 中发生的错误。</p></article></div><div class="right sidebar"><div class="graph "><h3>Graph View</h3><div class="graph-outer"><div id="graph-container" data-cfg="{"drag":true,"zoom":true,"depth":1,"scale":1.1,"repelForce":0.5,"centerForce":0.3,"linkDistance":30,"fontSize":0.6,"opacityScale":1,"showTags":true,"removeTags":[]}"></div><svg version="1.1" id="global-graph-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlnsXlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 55 55" fill="currentColor" xmlSpace="preserve"><path d="M49,0c-3.309,0-6,2.691-6,6c0,1.035,0.263,2.009,0.726,2.86l-9.829,9.829C32.542,17.634,30.846,17,29,17
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s-2-0.897-2-2s0.897-2,2-2S47,39.897,47,41z M49,10c-2.206,0-4-1.794-4-4s1.794-4,4-4s4,1.794,4,4S51.206,10,49,10z"></path></svg></div><div id="global-graph-outer"><div id="global-graph-container" data-cfg="{"drag":true,"zoom":true,"depth":-1,"scale":0.9,"repelForce":0.5,"centerForce":0.3,"linkDistance":30,"fontSize":0.6,"opacityScale":1,"showTags":true,"removeTags":[]}"></div></div></div><div class="toc desktop-only"><button type="button" id="toc" class><h3>Table of Contents</h3><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="fold"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg></button><div id="toc-content"><ul class="overflow"><li class="depth-0"><a href="#javascript" data-for="javascript">JavaScript</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#基础语法" data-for="基础语法">基础语法</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#bom-模型" data-for="bom-模型">BOM 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style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2022/W39"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W39/2022-09-28" data-for="Journal/2022/W39/2022-09-28">2022-09-28</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W39/2022-09-29" data-for="Journal/2022/W39/2022-09-29">2022-09-29</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W39/2022-W39" data-for="Journal/2022/W39/2022-W39">2022-W39</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2022/W41"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W41</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2022/W41"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W41/2022-10-10" data-for="Journal/2022/W41/2022-10-10">2022-10-10</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W41/2022-10-11" data-for="Journal/2022/W41/2022-10-11">2022-10-11</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W41/2022-10-12" data-for="Journal/2022/W41/2022-10-12">2022-10-12</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W41/2022-10-13" data-for="Journal/2022/W41/2022-10-13">2022-10-13</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W41/2022-10-14" data-for="Journal/2022/W41/2022-10-14">2022-10-14</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W41/2022-10-16" data-for="Journal/2022/W41/2022-10-16">2022-10-16</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W41/2022-W41" data-for="Journal/2022/W41/2022-W41">2022-W41</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2022/W42"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W42</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2022/W42"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W42/2022-10-17" data-for="Journal/2022/W42/2022-10-17">2022-10-17</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W42/2022-10-18" data-for="Journal/2022/W42/2022-10-18">2022-10-18</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W42/2022-10-19" data-for="Journal/2022/W42/2022-10-19">2022-10-19</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W42/2022-10-21" data-for="Journal/2022/W42/2022-10-21">2022-10-21</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W42/2022-W42" data-for="Journal/2022/W42/2022-W42">2022-W42</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2022/W43"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W43</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2022/W43"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W43/2022-10-24" data-for="Journal/2022/W43/2022-10-24">2022-10-24</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W43/2022-10-26" data-for="Journal/2022/W43/2022-10-26">2022-10-26</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W43/2022-W43" data-for="Journal/2022/W43/2022-W43">2022-W43</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2022/W44"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W44</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2022/W44"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W44/2022-11-02" data-for="Journal/2022/W44/2022-11-02">2022-11-02</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W44/2022-W44" data-for="Journal/2022/W44/2022-W44">2022-W44</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2022/W45"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W45</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2022/W45"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W45/2022-11-10" data-for="Journal/2022/W45/2022-11-10">2022-11-10</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W45/2022-11-11" data-for="Journal/2022/W45/2022-11-11">2022-11-11</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W45/2022-11-12" data-for="Journal/2022/W45/2022-11-12">2022-11-12</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W45/2022-11-13" data-for="Journal/2022/W45/2022-11-13">2022-11-13</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2022/W46"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W46</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2022/W46"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W46/2022-11-18" data-for="Journal/2022/W46/2022-11-18">2022-11-18</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W46/2022-11-20" data-for="Journal/2022/W46/2022-11-20">2022-11-20</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2022/W47"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W47</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2022/W47"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W47/2022-11-21" data-for="Journal/2022/W47/2022-11-21">2022-11-21</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W47/2022-11-22" data-for="Journal/2022/W47/2022-11-22">2022-11-22</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W47/2022-W47" data-for="Journal/2022/W47/2022-W47">2022-W47</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2022/W48"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W48</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2022/W48"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W48/2022-11-28" data-for="Journal/2022/W48/2022-11-28">2022-11-28</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W48/2022-11-29" data-for="Journal/2022/W48/2022-11-29">2022-11-29</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W48/2022-12-01" data-for="Journal/2022/W48/2022-12-01">2022-12-01</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W48/2022-12-04" data-for="Journal/2022/W48/2022-12-04">2022-12-04</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2022/W49"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W49</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2022/W49"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W49/2022-12-06" data-for="Journal/2022/W49/2022-12-06">2022-12-06</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W49/2022-W49" data-for="Journal/2022/W49/2022-W49">2022-W49</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2022/W50"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W50</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2022/W50"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2022/W50/2022-12-12" data-for="Journal/2022/W50/2022-12-12">2022-12-12</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">2023</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023"><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W2"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W2</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W2"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W2/2023-W2" data-for="Journal/2023/W2/2023-W2">2023-W2</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W3"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W3</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W3"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W3/2023-01-16" data-for="Journal/2023/W3/2023-01-16">2023-01-16</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W3/2023-01-18" data-for="Journal/2023/W3/2023-01-18">2023-01-18</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W5"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W5</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W5"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W5/2023-W5" data-for="Journal/2023/W5/2023-W5">2023-W5</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W6"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W6</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W6"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W6/2023-W6" data-for="Journal/2023/W6/2023-W6">2023-W6</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W7"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W7</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W7"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W7/2023-02-14" data-for="Journal/2023/W7/2023-02-14">2023-02-14</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W7/2023-02-15" data-for="Journal/2023/W7/2023-02-15">2023-02-15</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W7/2023-02-16" data-for="Journal/2023/W7/2023-02-16">2023-02-16</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W8"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W8</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W8"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W8/2023-02-20" data-for="Journal/2023/W8/2023-02-20">2023-02-20</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W8/2023-02-22" data-for="Journal/2023/W8/2023-02-22">2023-02-22</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W10"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W10</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W10"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W10/2023-W10" data-for="Journal/2023/W10/2023-W10">2023-W10</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W12"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W12</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W12"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W12/2023-03-20" data-for="Journal/2023/W12/2023-03-20">2023-03-20</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W12/2023-03-21" data-for="Journal/2023/W12/2023-03-21">2023-03-21</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W12/2023-W12" data-for="Journal/2023/W12/2023-W12">2023-W12</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W14"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W14</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W14"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W14/2023-04-08" data-for="Journal/2023/W14/2023-04-08">2023-04-08</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W14/2023-W14" data-for="Journal/2023/W14/2023-W14">2023-W14</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W16"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W16</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W16"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W16/2023-04-21" data-for="Journal/2023/W16/2023-04-21">2023-04-21</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W16/2023-04-23" data-for="Journal/2023/W16/2023-04-23">2023-04-23</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W22"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W22</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W22"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W22/2023-05-31" data-for="Journal/2023/W22/2023-05-31">2023-05-31</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W22/2023-06-01" data-for="Journal/2023/W22/2023-06-01">2023-06-01</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W22/2023-W22" data-for="Journal/2023/W22/2023-W22">2023-W22</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W23"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W23</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W23"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W23/2023-06-05" data-for="Journal/2023/W23/2023-06-05">2023-06-05</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W23/2023-06-08" data-for="Journal/2023/W23/2023-06-08">2023-06-08</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W23/2023-W23" data-for="Journal/2023/W23/2023-W23">2023-W23</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W24"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W24</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W24"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W24/2023-06-12" data-for="Journal/2023/W24/2023-06-12">2023-06-12</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W24/2023-06-13" data-for="Journal/2023/W24/2023-06-13">2023-06-13</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W24/2023-06-15" data-for="Journal/2023/W24/2023-06-15">2023-06-15</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W24/2023-W24" data-for="Journal/2023/W24/2023-W24">2023-W24</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W25"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W25</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W25"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2023/W25/2023-W25" data-for="Journal/2023/W25/2023-W25">2023-W25</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 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href="../../../Journal/2024/W10/2024-W10" data-for="Journal/2024/W10/2024-W10">2024-W10</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2024/W11"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W11</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2024/W11"><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2024/W11/2024-03-11" data-for="Journal/2024/W11/2024-03-11">2024-03-11</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2024/W11/2024-03-12" data-for="Journal/2024/W11/2024-03-12">2024-03-12</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Journal/2024/W11/2024-03-13" 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data-for="Tech/computer-network/网络基础/网络基础">网络基础</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Tech/computer-security"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">computer-security</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Tech/computer-security"><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div 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简明指南</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Tech/computer-security/密码学"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">密码学</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Tech/computer-security/密码学"><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/computer-security/密码学/简明指南" data-for="Tech/computer-security/密码学/简明指南">简明指南</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline 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data-for="Tech/computer-security/用户安全/用户鉴权/扫码登录">扫码登录</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/computer-security/用户安全/用户鉴权/联合登录和信任登录" data-for="Tech/computer-security/用户安全/用户鉴权/联合登录和信任登录">联合登录和信任登录</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/computer-security/用户安全/简明指南" data-for="Tech/computer-security/用户安全/简明指南">简明指南</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Tech/computer-security/系统安全"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">系统安全</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Tech/computer-security/系统安全"><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg 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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Tech/computer-storage"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">computer-storage</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Tech/computer-storage"><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/computer-storage/1.-存储基础" data-for="Tech/computer-storage/1.-存储基础">1. 存储基础</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/computer-storage/2.-存储硬件" data-for="Tech/computer-storage/2.-存储硬件">2. 存储硬件</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/computer-storage/3.-存储架构" data-for="Tech/computer-storage/3.-存储架构">3. 存储架构</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 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href="../../../Tech/database-system/SQL-语言/基础语法" data-for="Tech/database-system/SQL-语言/基础语法">基础语法</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Tech/database-system/基础"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">基础</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Tech/database-system/基础"><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/database-system/基础/关系型数据库" data-for="Tech/database-system/基础/关系型数据库">关系型数据库</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/database-system/基础/数据库概述" data-for="Tech/database-system/基础/数据库概述">数据库概述</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/database-system/基础/非关系型数据库" data-for="Tech/database-system/基础/非关系型数据库">非关系型数据库</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Tech/getting-started"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">getting-started</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Tech/getting-started"><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Tech/getting-started/命令行工具"><button 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href="../../../Tech/getting-started/命令行工具/PowerShell/PowerShell-进阶" data-for="Tech/getting-started/命令行工具/PowerShell/PowerShell-进阶">PowerShell 进阶</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/getting-started/命令行工具/PowerShell/PowerShell-高级" data-for="Tech/getting-started/命令行工具/PowerShell/PowerShell-高级">PowerShell 高级</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Tech/getting-started/命令行工具/Shell"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">Shell</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Tech/getting-started/命令行工具/Shell"><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/getting-started/命令行工具/Shell/Shell-命令操作" data-for="Tech/getting-started/命令行工具/Shell/Shell-命令操作">Linux 命令行操作</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/getting-started/命令行工具/Shell/Shell-必备锦囊" data-for="Tech/getting-started/命令行工具/Shell/Shell-必备锦囊">Shell 必备锦囊</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/getting-started/命令行工具/Shell/Shell-是什么" data-for="Tech/getting-started/命令行工具/Shell/Shell-是什么">Shell 是什么</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Tech/getting-started/命令行工具/Vim"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">Vim</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Tech/getting-started/命令行工具/Vim"><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/getting-started/命令行工具/Vim/Vim-参考手册" data-for="Tech/getting-started/命令行工具/Vim/Vim-参考手册">Vim 参考手册</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/getting-started/命令行工具/Vim/Vim-帮助文档" data-for="Tech/getting-started/命令行工具/Vim/Vim-帮助文档">Vim 帮助文档</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/getting-started/命令行工具/Vim/Vim-入门" data-for="Tech/getting-started/命令行工具/Vim/Vim-入门">Vim 快速入门</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Tech/getting-started/开源指南"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">开源指南</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Tech/getting-started/开源指南"><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/getting-started/开源指南/如何向开源社区提问" data-for="Tech/getting-started/开源指南/如何向开源社区提问">如何向开源社区提问</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/getting-started/开源指南/如何有效报告-BUG" data-for="Tech/getting-started/开源指南/如何有效报告-BUG">如何有效报告 BUG</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/getting-started/开源指南/开源指北" data-for="Tech/getting-started/开源指南/开源指北">开源指北</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/getting-started/开源指南/提问的智慧" data-for="Tech/getting-started/开源指南/提问的智慧">提问的智慧</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Tech/getting-started/文本处理"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">文本处理</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Tech/getting-started/文本处理"><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/getting-started/文本处理/正则表达式" data-for="Tech/getting-started/文本处理/正则表达式">正则表达式</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/getting-started/文本处理/结构化文件" data-for="Tech/getting-started/文本处理/结构化文件">结构化文件</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Tech/getting-started/版本控制"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">版本控制</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Tech/getting-started/版本控制"><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Tech/getting-started/版本控制/Git"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">Git</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Tech/getting-started/版本控制/Git"><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Tech/getting-started/版本控制/Git/入门"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">入门</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Tech/getting-started/版本控制/Git/入门"><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/getting-started/版本控制/Git/入门/分支" data-for="Tech/getting-started/版本控制/Git/入门/分支">分支</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/getting-started/版本控制/Git/入门/协议" data-for="Tech/getting-started/版本控制/Git/入门/协议">协议</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/getting-started/版本控制/Git/入门/基础" data-for="Tech/getting-started/版本控制/Git/入门/基础">基础</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/getting-started/版本控制/Git/入门/起步" data-for="Tech/getting-started/版本控制/Git/入门/起步">起步</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Tech/getting-started/版本控制/Git/进阶"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">进阶</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Tech/getting-started/版本控制/Git/进阶"><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/getting-started/版本控制/Git/进阶/Git-LFS" data-for="Tech/getting-started/版本控制/Git/进阶/Git-LFS">Git-LFS</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/getting-started/版本控制/Git/进阶/参考手册" data-for="Tech/getting-started/版本控制/Git/进阶/参考手册">参考手册</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/getting-started/版本控制/Git/进阶/工作流" data-for="Tech/getting-started/版本控制/Git/进阶/工作流">工作流</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/getting-started/版本控制/Git/进阶/常用命令" data-for="Tech/getting-started/版本控制/Git/进阶/常用命令">常用命令</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/getting-started/版本控制/Git/进阶/常用技巧" data-for="Tech/getting-started/版本控制/Git/进阶/常用技巧">常用技巧</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/getting-started/版本控制/Git/进阶/思维导图" data-for="Tech/getting-started/版本控制/Git/进阶/思维导图">思维导图</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/getting-started/版本控制/Git/进阶/钩子" data-for="Tech/getting-started/版本控制/Git/进阶/钩子">钩子</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li></ul></div></div></li></ul></div></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Tech/operating-system"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">operating-system</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Tech/operating-system"><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Tech/operating-system/Automation"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">Automation</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Tech/operating-system/Automation"><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/operating-system/Automation/Ansible" data-for="Tech/operating-system/Automation/Ansible">Ansible</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/operating-system/Automation/Cloud-init-快速部署" data-for="Tech/operating-system/Automation/Cloud-init-快速部署">Cloud-init</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/operating-system/Automation/PXE--系统部署" data-for="Tech/operating-system/Automation/PXE--系统部署">PXE 自动化部署</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Tech/operating-system/Docker"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">Docker</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Tech/operating-system/Docker"><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Tech/operating-system/Docker/基础"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">基础</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Tech/operating-system/Docker/基础"><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/operating-system/Docker/基础/基础概念" data-for="Tech/operating-system/Docker/基础/基础概念">基础概念</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/operating-system/Docker/基础/安装配置" data-for="Tech/operating-system/Docker/基础/安装配置">安装配置</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/operating-system/Docker/基础/简介" data-for="Tech/operating-system/Docker/基础/简介">简介</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Tech/operating-system/Docker/进阶"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">进阶</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Tech/operating-system/Docker/进阶"><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/operating-system/Docker/进阶/Docker-Compose" data-for="Tech/operating-system/Docker/进阶/Docker-Compose">Docker Compose</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/operating-system/Docker/进阶/Docker-Dockerfile" data-for="Tech/operating-system/Docker/进阶/Docker-Dockerfile">Docker Dockerfile</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/operating-system/Docker/进阶/Docker-使用" data-for="Tech/operating-system/Docker/进阶/Docker-使用">Docker 使用</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Tech/operating-system/Docker/高级"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">高级</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Tech/operating-system/Docker/高级"><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/operating-system/Docker/高级/Docker-命令手册" data-for="Tech/operating-system/Docker/高级/Docker-命令手册">Docker 命令手册</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/operating-system/Docker/高级/Docker-存储" data-for="Tech/operating-system/Docker/高级/Docker-存储">Docker 存储</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/operating-system/Docker/高级/Docker-网络" data-for="Tech/operating-system/Docker/高级/Docker-网络">Docker 网络</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Tech/operating-system/Linux"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">Linux</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" 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data-for="Tech/operating-system/Linux/7.存储管理/Linux-文件系统">Linux 文件系统</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Tech/operating-system/Linux/8.虚拟化"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">8.虚拟化</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Tech/operating-system/Linux/8.虚拟化"><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/operating-system/Linux/8.虚拟化/KVM-虚拟化管理" data-for="Tech/operating-system/Linux/8.虚拟化/KVM-虚拟化管理">KVM 虚拟化管理</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" 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KVM 概述</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/operating-system/Virtualization/2.KVM虚拟化/2.-KVM-安装配置" data-for="Tech/operating-system/Virtualization/2.KVM虚拟化/2.-KVM-安装配置">2. KVM 安装配置</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/operating-system/Virtualization/2.KVM虚拟化/3.-KVM-管理工具" data-for="Tech/operating-system/Virtualization/2.KVM虚拟化/3.-KVM-管理工具">3. KVM 管理工具</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/operating-system/Virtualization/2.KVM虚拟化/4.-KVM-网络配置" data-for="Tech/operating-system/Virtualization/2.KVM虚拟化/4.-KVM-网络配置">4. KVM 网络配置</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/operating-system/Virtualization/2.KVM虚拟化/5.-KVM-存储管理" data-for="Tech/operating-system/Virtualization/2.KVM虚拟化/5.-KVM-存储管理">5. KVM 存储管理</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/operating-system/Virtualization/2.KVM虚拟化/6.-KVM-性能优化" data-for="Tech/operating-system/Virtualization/2.KVM虚拟化/6.-KVM-性能优化">6. KVM 性能优化</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../Tech/operating-system/Virtualization/2.KVM虚拟化/7.-KVM-系统监控" data-for="Tech/operating-system/Virtualization/2.KVM虚拟化/7.-KVM-系统监控">7. KVM 系统监控</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Tech/operating-system/Windows"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">Windows</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Tech/operating-system/Windows"><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Tech/operating-system/Windows/文化"><button class="folder-button"><p 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