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href="../../../../Journal/2022/W38/2022-09-20" data-for="Journal/2022/W38/2022-09-20">2022-09-20</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2022/W38/2022-09-21" data-for="Journal/2022/W38/2022-09-21">2022-09-21</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2022/W38/2022-09-22" data-for="Journal/2022/W38/2022-09-22">2022-09-22</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2022/W38/2022-W38" data-for="Journal/2022/W38/2022-W38">2022-W38</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2022/W39"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W39</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" 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data-for="Journal/2022/W41/2022-10-10">2022-10-10</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2022/W41/2022-10-11" data-for="Journal/2022/W41/2022-10-11">2022-10-11</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2022/W41/2022-10-12" data-for="Journal/2022/W41/2022-10-12">2022-10-12</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2022/W41/2022-10-13" data-for="Journal/2022/W41/2022-10-13">2022-10-13</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2022/W41/2022-10-14" data-for="Journal/2022/W41/2022-10-14">2022-10-14</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2022/W41/2022-10-16" data-for="Journal/2022/W41/2022-10-16">2022-10-16</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2022/W41/2022-W41" data-for="Journal/2022/W41/2022-W41">2022-W41</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2022/W42"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W42</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2022/W42"><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2022/W42/2022-10-17" data-for="Journal/2022/W42/2022-10-17">2022-10-17</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2022/W42/2022-10-18" data-for="Journal/2022/W42/2022-10-18">2022-10-18</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2022/W42/2022-10-19" data-for="Journal/2022/W42/2022-10-19">2022-10-19</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2022/W42/2022-10-21" data-for="Journal/2022/W42/2022-10-21">2022-10-21</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2022/W42/2022-W42" data-for="Journal/2022/W42/2022-W42">2022-W42</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg 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class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W45</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2022/W45"><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2022/W45/2022-11-10" data-for="Journal/2022/W45/2022-11-10">2022-11-10</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2022/W45/2022-11-11" data-for="Journal/2022/W45/2022-11-11">2022-11-11</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2022/W45/2022-11-12" data-for="Journal/2022/W45/2022-11-12">2022-11-12</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2022/W45/2022-11-13" data-for="Journal/2022/W45/2022-11-13">2022-11-13</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2022/W46"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W46</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2022/W46"><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2022/W46/2022-11-18" data-for="Journal/2022/W46/2022-11-18">2022-11-18</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2022/W46/2022-11-20" data-for="Journal/2022/W46/2022-11-20">2022-11-20</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2022/W47"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W47</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2022/W47"><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2022/W47/2022-11-21" data-for="Journal/2022/W47/2022-11-21">2022-11-21</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2022/W47/2022-11-22" data-for="Journal/2022/W47/2022-11-22">2022-11-22</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2022/W47/2022-W47" data-for="Journal/2022/W47/2022-W47">2022-W47</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2022/W48"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W48</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2022/W48"><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2022/W48/2022-11-28" data-for="Journal/2022/W48/2022-11-28">2022-11-28</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2022/W48/2022-11-29" data-for="Journal/2022/W48/2022-11-29">2022-11-29</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2022/W48/2022-12-01" data-for="Journal/2022/W48/2022-12-01">2022-12-01</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2022/W48/2022-12-04" data-for="Journal/2022/W48/2022-12-04">2022-12-04</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2022/W49"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W49</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2022/W49"><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2022/W49/2022-12-06" data-for="Journal/2022/W49/2022-12-06">2022-12-06</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2022/W49/2022-W49" data-for="Journal/2022/W49/2022-W49">2022-W49</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2022/W50"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W50</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2022/W50"><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2022/W50/2022-12-12" data-for="Journal/2022/W50/2022-12-12">2022-12-12</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">2023</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023"><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W2"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W2</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W2"><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2023/W2/2023-W2" data-for="Journal/2023/W2/2023-W2">2023-W2</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W3"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W3</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W3"><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2023/W3/2023-01-16" data-for="Journal/2023/W3/2023-01-16">2023-01-16</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2023/W3/2023-01-18" data-for="Journal/2023/W3/2023-01-18">2023-01-18</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W5"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W5</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W5"><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2023/W5/2023-W5" data-for="Journal/2023/W5/2023-W5">2023-W5</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W6"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W6</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W6"><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2023/W6/2023-W6" data-for="Journal/2023/W6/2023-W6">2023-W6</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W7"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W7</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W7"><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2023/W7/2023-02-14" data-for="Journal/2023/W7/2023-02-14">2023-02-14</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2023/W7/2023-02-15" data-for="Journal/2023/W7/2023-02-15">2023-02-15</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2023/W7/2023-02-16" data-for="Journal/2023/W7/2023-02-16">2023-02-16</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W8"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W8</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W8"><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2023/W8/2023-02-20" data-for="Journal/2023/W8/2023-02-20">2023-02-20</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2023/W8/2023-02-22" data-for="Journal/2023/W8/2023-02-22">2023-02-22</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W10"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W10</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W10"><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2023/W10/2023-W10" data-for="Journal/2023/W10/2023-W10">2023-W10</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W12"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W12</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W12"><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2023/W12/2023-03-20" data-for="Journal/2023/W12/2023-03-20">2023-03-20</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2023/W12/2023-03-21" data-for="Journal/2023/W12/2023-03-21">2023-03-21</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2023/W12/2023-W12" data-for="Journal/2023/W12/2023-W12">2023-W12</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W14"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W14</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W14"><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2023/W14/2023-04-08" data-for="Journal/2023/W14/2023-04-08">2023-04-08</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2023/W14/2023-W14" data-for="Journal/2023/W14/2023-W14">2023-W14</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W16"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W16</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W16"><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2023/W16/2023-04-21" data-for="Journal/2023/W16/2023-04-21">2023-04-21</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2023/W16/2023-04-23" data-for="Journal/2023/W16/2023-04-23">2023-04-23</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W22"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W22</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W22"><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2023/W22/2023-05-31" data-for="Journal/2023/W22/2023-05-31">2023-05-31</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2023/W22/2023-06-01" data-for="Journal/2023/W22/2023-06-01">2023-06-01</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2023/W22/2023-W22" data-for="Journal/2023/W22/2023-W22">2023-W22</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W23"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W23</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W23"><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2023/W23/2023-06-05" data-for="Journal/2023/W23/2023-06-05">2023-06-05</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2023/W23/2023-06-08" data-for="Journal/2023/W23/2023-06-08">2023-06-08</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2023/W23/2023-W23" data-for="Journal/2023/W23/2023-W23">2023-W23</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W24"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W24</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W24"><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2023/W24/2023-06-12" data-for="Journal/2023/W24/2023-06-12">2023-06-12</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2023/W24/2023-06-13" data-for="Journal/2023/W24/2023-06-13">2023-06-13</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2023/W24/2023-06-15" data-for="Journal/2023/W24/2023-06-15">2023-06-15</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2023/W24/2023-W24" 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class="breadcrumb-element"><a href>3. KVM 管理工具</a></div></nav><h1 class="article-title ">3. KVM 管理工具</h1><p class="content-meta ">Jul 16, 2024, 31 min read</p><ul class="tags "><li><a href="../../../../tags/技术/操作系统" class="internal tag-link">#技术/操作系统</a></li><li><a href="../../../../tags/虚拟化/kvm" class="internal tag-link">#虚拟化/kvm</a></li></ul></div></div><article class="popover-hint"><h2 id="kvm-管理工具">KVM 管理工具<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#kvm-管理工具" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
|
||
<p>KVM 管理工具是用于管理和控制 KVM（Kernel-based Virtual Machine）虚拟化环境的工具。这些工具提供了创建、配置、监控和维护虚拟机的功能，简化了 KVM 虚拟化环境的管理。KVM 管理工具可以是命令行工具、图形化用户界面（GUI）工具或基于 Web 的管理平台。</p>
|
||
<p><img src="https://static.7wate.com/2024/07/18/34f962e096fb6.svg" alt="KVM虚拟化架构全景图.svg"/></p>
|
||
<p>KVM 管理工具在虚拟化环境中的作用和重要性主要体现在以下几个方面：</p>
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li><strong>简化虚拟机管理</strong>：通过图形化界面或命令行工具，管理员可以方便地创建、配置和管理虚拟机，减少了手动配置的复杂性。</li>
|
||
<li><strong>提高效率</strong>：管理工具提供自动化功能，如批量创建虚拟机、自动配置网络和存储，从而提高管理效率。</li>
|
||
<li><strong>增强监控和维护</strong>：通过监控工具，可以实时监控虚拟机的性能和资源使用情况，及时发现和解决问题，确保系统稳定运行。</li>
|
||
<li><strong>安全性和隔离</strong>：管理工具提供访问控制和权限管理功能，确保虚拟机和宿主机之间的安全隔离，保护数据和系统安全。</li>
|
||
<li><strong>灵活性和可扩展性</strong>：支持多种虚拟机配置和管理需求，适应不同规模和复杂度的虚拟化环境。</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<h2 id="libvirt">Libvirt<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#libvirt" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
|
||
<h3 id="libvirt-概述">Libvirt 概述<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#libvirt-概述" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
|
||
<p>**Libvirt 是一个开源的 API、守护进程和管理工具集，用于管理平台虚拟化。**其主要功能和特点包括：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>多种虚拟化后端支持</strong>：Libvirt 支持多种虚拟化技术，如 KVM、QEMU、Xen、VMware ESXi、Microsoft Hyper-V 等。</li>
|
||
<li><strong>抽象化和统一管理接口</strong>：Libvirt 提供统一的 API 和管理工具，简化了不同虚拟化技术的管理。</li>
|
||
<li><strong>丰富的管理功能</strong>：支持虚拟机的生命周期管理、存储管理、网络管理、快照、迁移等。</li>
|
||
<li><strong>广泛的语言绑定</strong>：支持多种编程语言的 API 绑定，如 C、Python、Perl、Java、Go 等，方便开发者集成和扩展。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>**Libvirt 支持多种虚拟化后端，**主要包括：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>KVM/QEMU</strong>：主流的开源虚拟化解决方案，广泛应用于 Linux 服务器和桌面环境。</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Xen</strong>：高性能的开源虚拟化技术，特别适用于服务器虚拟化和云计算。</li>
|
||
<li><strong>VMware ESXi</strong>：商业虚拟化解决方案，广泛应用于企业数据中心。</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Microsoft Hyper-V</strong>：Windows Server 内置的虚拟化技术，适用于 Windows 环境。</li>
|
||
<li><strong>其他</strong>：还支持 LXC（Linux 容器）、OpenVZ 等轻量级虚拟化技术。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h3 id="libvirt-安装与配置">Libvirt 安装与配置<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#libvirt-安装与配置" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
|
||
<p>在不同的 Linux 发行版上安装 Libvirt，步骤如下：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>在 Ubuntu 上</strong>：</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">sudo</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">apt</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">update</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">sudo</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">apt</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">install</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">libvirt-daemon-system</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">libvirt-clients</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">sudo</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">systemctl</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">enable</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--now</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">libvirtd</span></span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>在 CentOS/RHEL 上</strong>：</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">sudo</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">yum</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">update</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">sudo</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">yum</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">install</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">libvirt</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">libvirt-python</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">sudo</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">systemctl</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">enable</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--now</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">libvirtd</span></span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><strong>配置文件位置</strong>：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>主配置文件：<code>/etc/libvirt/libvirtd.conf</code></li>
|
||
<li>网络配置文件：<code>/etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/</code></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><strong>常用配置项</strong>：</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="ini" data-theme="default"><code data-language="ini" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 启用 TCP 连接 </span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">listen_tls</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> 0</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">listen_tcp</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> 1</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">auth_tcp</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">"none"</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 设置日志级别</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">log_filters=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">"3:remote 4:event"</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">log_outputs=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">"1:file:/var/log/libvirt/libvirtd.log"</span></span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li><strong>重启 Libvirt 服务</strong>：</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">sudo</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">systemctl</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">restart</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">libvirtd</span></span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<h3 id="virsh-管理命令">Virsh 管理命令<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#virsh-管理命令" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
|
||
<p><a href="https://www.libvirt.org/manpages/virsh.html" class="external">Virsh</a> 是一个强大的命令行工具，用于管理基于 libvirt 的虚拟化环境。其功能和特点包括：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>管理虚拟机生命周期</strong>：创建、删除、启动、停止、重启虚拟机。</li>
|
||
<li><strong>配置和调整虚拟机资源</strong>：修改虚拟机的 CPU、内存、网络和存储配置。</li>
|
||
<li><strong>快照管理</strong>：创建、恢复和删除虚拟机快照。</li>
|
||
<li><strong>实时迁移</strong>：在主机之间迁移虚拟机。</li>
|
||
<li><strong>网络和存储管理</strong>：创建和管理虚拟网络、存储池和存储卷。</li>
|
||
<li><strong>脚本化和自动化</strong>：支持脚本化操作，方便批量管理和自动化运维。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h4 id="virt-install">Virt-install<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#virt-install" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
||
<p><code>virsh-install</code> 命令是用于在 KVM 环境中创建虚拟机的一个非常常用的命令。它提供了一系列选项来配置和启动虚拟机。</p>
|
||
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 创建虚拟机</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">sudo</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">virt-install</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> \</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--name</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">myvm</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> \</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--ram</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">2048</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> \</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--disk</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">path=/var/lib/libvirt/images/myvm.qcow2,size=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">20</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> \</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--vcpus</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">2</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> \</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--os-type</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">linux</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> \</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--os-variant</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">ubuntu20.04</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> \</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--network</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">bridge=br0</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> \</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--graphics</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">vnc</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> \</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--cdrom</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">/path/to/ubuntu-20.04.iso</span></span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<h5 id="常用选项">常用选项<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#常用选项" class="internal"> §</a></h5>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
<table><thead><tr><th>选项</th><th>描述</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>--name</code></td><td>设置虚拟机的名称</td></tr><tr><td><code>--memory</code></td><td>指定虚拟机的内存大小（MB）</td></tr><tr><td><code>--vcpus</code></td><td>指定虚拟机的 CPU 数量</td></tr><tr><td><code>--disk</code></td><td>指定虚拟机的磁盘配置（如路径、大小、格式等）</td></tr><tr><td><code>--cdrom</code></td><td>指定安装介质（如 ISO 文件路径）</td></tr><tr><td><code>--network</code></td><td>指定虚拟机的网络配置</td></tr><tr><td><code>--os-variant</code></td><td>指定虚拟机操作系统的类型</td></tr><tr><td><code>--graphics</code></td><td>设置图形界面配置（如 VNC、Spice 等）</td></tr><tr><td><code>--extra-args</code></td><td>指定附加的引导参数</td></tr><tr><td><code>--location</code></td><td>指定安装介质的位置（如网络安装源）</td></tr><tr><td><code>--import</code></td><td>导入已有磁盘来创建虚拟机</td></tr><tr><td><code>--boot</code></td><td>指定引导选项（如引导顺序、引导设备等）</td></tr><tr><td><code>--initrd-inject</code></td><td>将文件注入到虚拟机的 initrd</td></tr><tr><td><code>--console</code></td><td>指定控制台配置</td></tr></tbody></table>
|
||
<h4 id="通用">通用<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#通用" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
<table><thead><tr><th>命令</th><th>描述</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>virsh help</code></td><td>显示所有可用命令的帮助信息</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh quit</code> / <code>exit</code></td><td>退出 virsh 交互模式</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh connect qemu:///system</code></td><td>连接到本地 QEMU/KVM 管理器</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh uri</code></td><td>显示当前连接的 URI</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh version</code></td><td>显示 libvirt 版本信息</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh hostname</code></td><td>显示主机名</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh sysinfo</code></td><td>显示系统信息</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh nodeinfo</code></td><td>显示节点硬件信息</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh list --all</code></td><td>列出所有虚拟机，包括运行中和停止的</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh start <vm_name></code></td><td>启动指定虚拟机</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh nodecpustats</code></td><td>显示节点 CPU 统计信息</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh nodememstats</code></td><td>显示节点内存统计信息</td></tr></tbody></table>
|
||
<h4 id="主机">主机<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#主机" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
<table><thead><tr><th>命令</th><th>描述</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>virsh start <vm_name></code></td><td>启动指定虚拟机</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh shutdown <vm_name></code></td><td>关闭指定虚拟机</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh reboot <vm_name></code></td><td>重启指定虚拟机</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh suspend <vm_name></code></td><td>挂起指定虚拟机</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh resume <vm_name></code></td><td>恢复挂起的虚拟机</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh destroy <vm_name></code></td><td>强制关闭指定虚拟机</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh autostart <vm_name></code></td><td>设置指定虚拟机开机自启</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh undefine <vm_name></code></td><td>取消定义指定虚拟机</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh dominfo <vm_name></code></td><td>显示虚拟机的基本信息</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh domstate <vm_name></code></td><td>显示虚拟机的当前状态</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh domiflist <vm_name></code></td><td>列出虚拟机的网络接口</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh domblklist <vm_name></code></td><td>列出虚拟机的块设备</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh domstats <vm_name></code></td><td>显示虚拟机的统计信息</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh dumpxml <vm_name></code></td><td>显示虚拟机的 XML 配置</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh edit <vm_name></code></td><td>编辑虚拟机的 XML 配置</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh console <vm_name></code></td><td>连接到虚拟机的控制台</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh setmem <vm_name> <size></code></td><td>设置虚拟机的内存大小</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh setvcpus <vm_name> <count></code></td><td>设置虚拟机的 CPU 数量</td></tr></tbody></table>
|
||
<h4 id="设备">设备<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#设备" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
||
|
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|
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<table><thead><tr><th>命令</th><th>描述</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>virsh attach-device <vm_name> <device.xml></code></td><td>连接设备</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh detach-device <vm_name> <device.xml></code></td><td>分离设备</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh attach-disk <vm_name> <source> <target></code></td><td>附加磁盘</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh detach-disk <vm_name> <target></code></td><td>分离磁盘</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh attach-interface <vm_name> <type> <source></code></td><td>连接接口</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh detach-interface <vm_name> <type> <mac></code></td><td>分离接口</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh update-device <vm_name> <device.xml></code></td><td>更新设备</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh change-media <vm_name> <path> --eject --insert</code></td><td>改变媒体</td></tr></tbody></table>
|
||
<h4 id="节点">节点<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#节点" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
<table><thead><tr><th>命令</th><th>描述</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>virsh nodedev-list</code></td><td>列出所有节点设备</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh nodedev-info <device></code></td><td>显示节点设备的信息</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh nodedev-dumpxml <device></code></td><td>显示节点设备的 XML 配置</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh nodedev-reattach <device></code></td><td>重新附加节点设备</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh nodedev-detach <device></code></td><td>分离节点设备</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh nodedev-reset <device></code></td><td>重置节点设备</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh nodedev-autostart <device></code></td><td>设置节点设备开机自启</td></tr></tbody></table>
|
||
<h4 id="网络">网络<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#网络" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
||
|
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|
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<table><thead><tr><th>命令</th><th>描述</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>virsh net-list --all</code></td><td>列出所有虚拟网络</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh net-info <network></code></td><td>显示虚拟网络的信息</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh net-dumpxml <network></code></td><td>显示虚拟网络的 XML 配置</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh net-create <network.xml></code></td><td>创建虚拟网络</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh net-destroy <network></code></td><td>销毁虚拟网络</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh net-start <network></code></td><td>启动虚拟网络</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh net-autostart <network></code></td><td>设置虚拟网络开机自启</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh net-undefine <network></code></td><td>取消定义虚拟网络</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh net-edit <network></code></td><td>编辑虚拟网络的 XML 配置</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh net-update <network> <command> <section> <xml></code></td><td>更新虚拟网络</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh net-dhcp-leases <network></code></td><td>列出网络的 DHCP 租约</td></tr></tbody></table>
|
||
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<table><thead><tr><th>命令</th><th>描述</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>virsh net-port-list <network></code></td><td>列出指定虚拟网络的所有端口</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh net-port-create <port.xml></code></td><td>创建网络端口</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh net-port-dumpxml <port></code></td><td>显示网络端口的 XML 配置</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh net-port-delete <port></code></td><td>删除网络端口</td></tr></tbody></table>
|
||
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|
||
<table><thead><tr><th>命令</th><th>描述</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>virsh iface-list --all</code></td><td>列出所有网络接口</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh iface-info <interface></code></td><td>显示网络接口的信息</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh iface-dumpxml <interface></code></td><td>显示网络接口的 XML 配置</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh iface-define <interface.xml></code></td><td>定义新网络接口</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh iface-undefine <interface></code></td><td>取消定义网络接口</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh iface-start <interface></code></td><td>启动网络接口</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh iface-destroy <interface></code></td><td>销毁网络接口</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh iface-edit <interface></code></td><td>编辑网络接口的 XML 配置</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh iface-bridge <interface> <bridge></code></td><td>将接口桥接到指定桥</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh iface-unbridge <bridge></code></td><td>取消接口的桥接</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh iface-commit <interface></code></td><td>提交接口的更改</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh iface-rollback <interface></code></td><td>回滚接口的更改</td></tr></tbody></table>
|
||
<h4 id="存储">存储<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#存储" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
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|
||
<table><thead><tr><th>命令</th><th>描述</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>virsh pool-list --all</code></td><td>列出所有存储池</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh pool-info <pool></code></td><td>显示存储池的信息</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh pool-dumpxml <pool></code></td><td>显示存储池的 XML 配置</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh pool-create <pool.xml></code></td><td>从 XML 文件创建存储池</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh pool-create-as <name> <type> <source></code></td><td>创建指定类型的存储池</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh pool-define <pool.xml></code></td><td>从 XML 文件定义存储池</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh pool-define-as <name> <type> <source></code></td><td>定义指定类型的存储池</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh pool-start <pool></code></td><td>启动存储池</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh pool-build <pool></code></td><td>构建存储池</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh pool-refresh <pool></code></td><td>刷新存储池</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh pool-autostart <pool></code></td><td>设置存储池开机自启</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh pool-destroy <pool></code></td><td>销毁存储池</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh pool-delete <pool></code></td><td>删除存储池</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh pool-undefine <pool></code></td><td>取消定义存储池</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh find-storage-pool-sources --type <type></code></td><td>查找存储池源</td></tr></tbody></table>
|
||
|
||
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|
||
<table><thead><tr><th>命令</th><th>描述</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>virsh vol-list <pool></code></td><td>列出指定存储池的所有卷</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh vol-info <volume></code></td><td>显示卷的信息</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh vol-dumpxml <volume></code></td><td>显示卷的 XML 配置</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh vol-create <pool> <volume.xml></code></td><td>从 XML 文件创建卷</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh vol-create-as <pool> <name> <capacity></code></td><td>创建指定大小的卷</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh vol-create-from <pool> <name> <source-volume></code></td><td>从现有卷创建新卷</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh vol-clone <source-volume> <new-volume></code></td><td>克隆卷</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh vol-delete <volume></code></td><td>删除卷</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh vol-upload <volume> <source></code></td><td>上传数据到卷</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh vol-download <volume> <dest></code></td><td>从卷下载数据</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh vol-resize <volume> <capacity></code></td><td>调整卷大小</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh vol-wipe <volume></code></td><td>擦除卷</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh vol-path <volume></code></td><td>显示卷的路径</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh vol-name <volume></code></td><td>显示卷的名称</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh vol-key <volume></code></td><td>显示卷的唯一标识符</td></tr></tbody></table>
|
||
<h4 id="快照">快照<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#快照" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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||
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|
||
<table><thead><tr><th>命令</th><th>描述</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>virsh snapshot-list <vm_name></code></td><td>列出指定虚拟机的所有快照</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh snapshot-info <snapshot></code></td><td>显示快照的信息</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh snapshot-dumpxml <snapshot></code></td><td>显示快照的 XML 配置</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh snapshot-create <vm_name></code></td><td>创建快照</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh snapshot-create-as <vm_name> <snapshot_name></code></td><td>创建命名快照</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh snapshot-current <vm_name></code></td><td>显示当前快照</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh snapshot-edit <snapshot></code></td><td>编辑快照的 XML 配置</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh snapshot-revert <vm_name> <snapshot></code></td><td>恢复到指定快照</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh snapshot-delete <vm_name> <snapshot></code></td><td>删除指定快照</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh snapshot-parent <snapshot></code></td><td>显示快照的父级快照</td></tr></tbody></table>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<table><thead><tr><th>命令</th><th>描述</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>virsh checkpoint-list <vm_name></code></td><td>列出指定虚拟机的所有检查点</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh checkpoint-info <checkpoint></code></td><td>显示检查点的信息</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh checkpoint-dumpxml <checkpoint></code></td><td>显示检查点的 XML 配置</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh checkpoint-create <vm_name></code></td><td>创建检查点</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh checkpoint-create-as <vm_name> <checkpoint_name></code></td><td>创建命名检查点</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh checkpoint-edit <checkpoint></code></td><td>编辑检查点的 XML 配置</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh checkpoint-delete <vm_name> <checkpoint></code></td><td>删除指定检查点</td></tr><tr><td><code>virsh checkpoint-parent <checkpoint></code></td><td>显示检查点的父级检查点</td></tr></tbody></table>
|
||
<h3 id="libvirt-api-开发">Libvirt API 开发<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#libvirt-api-开发" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
|
||
<h4 id="使用-libvirt-api">使用 Libvirt API<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#使用-libvirt-api" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
||
<p>Libvirt 提供丰富的 API，用于开发和集成虚拟化管理工具。以下是使用 Python Libvirt API 的示例：</p>
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><strong>安装 Python Libvirt 库</strong>：</p>
|
||
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">sudo</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">apt</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">install</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">python3-libvirt</span></span></code></pre></div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><strong>Python 示例代码</strong>：</p>
|
||
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="python" data-theme="default"><code data-language="python" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">import</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> libvirt</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line> </span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">conn </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> libvirt</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">open</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'qemu:///system'</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">)</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">if</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> conn </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">is</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">None</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">:</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">print</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'Failed to open connection to qemu:///system'</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">)</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">exit</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">1</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">)</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line> </span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">domains </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> conn</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">listAllDomains</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">()</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">for</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> domain </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">in</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> domains</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">:</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">print</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'Domain: '</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">+</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);"> domain.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">name</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">())</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">conn</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">close</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">()</span></span></code></pre></div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<h4 id="libvirt-与其他工具的集成">Libvirt 与其他工具的集成<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#libvirt-与其他工具的集成" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
||
<p>Libvirt 与许多其他工具集成，提供全面的虚拟化管理功能：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>OpenStack</strong>：作为 IaaS 平台，OpenStack 使用 Libvirt 作为其底层虚拟化管理工具之一。</li>
|
||
<li><strong>oVirt</strong>：基于 Libvirt 的虚拟化管理平台，提供企业级虚拟化解决方案。</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Ansible</strong>：使用 <code>ansible-libvirt</code> 模块，可以通过 Ansible 自动化管理 Libvirt 虚拟机和资源。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h2 id="virt-manager">Virt-manager<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#virt-manager" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
|
||
<h3 id="virt-manager-概述">Virt-manager 概述<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#virt-manager-概述" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
|
||
<p>Virt-manager 是一个<strong>基于 GUI 的虚拟机管理工具</strong>，用于管理 KVM、QEMU 和其他支持的虚拟化平台。其主要功能和特点包括：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>虚拟机创建和配置</strong>：通过图形化界面轻松创建和配置虚拟机，包括设置 CPU、内存、存储和网络等资源。</li>
|
||
<li><strong>虚拟机监控</strong>：实时监控虚拟机的性能和资源使用情况，提供详细的统计信息。</li>
|
||
<li><strong>存储和网络管理</strong>：管理虚拟机的存储池、存储卷和网络配置，支持多种存储和网络类型。</li>
|
||
<li><strong>快照和迁移</strong>：支持虚拟机快照创建和恢复，以及实时迁移虚拟机到其他主机。</li>
|
||
<li><strong>易用性</strong>：提供直观的图形化界面，简化了虚拟机管理任务。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>Virt-manager 的图形化界面包括以下主要部分：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>主窗口</strong>：显示所有已定义的虚拟机及其状态，提供虚拟机的基本管理操作。</li>
|
||
<li><strong>详细信息面板</strong>：展示选定虚拟机的详细信息，包括硬件配置、性能监控和控制台访问。</li>
|
||
<li><strong>菜单和工具栏</strong>：提供常用的管理功能和配置选项，如创建新虚拟机、启动/停止虚拟机、查看日志等。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h3 id="virt-manager-安装与配置">Virt-manager 安装与配置<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#virt-manager-安装与配置" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
|
||
<p>在不同的 Linux 发行版上安装 Virt-manager 的步骤如下：</p>
|
||
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 在 Debian/Ubuntu 上</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">sudo</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">apt</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">update</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">sudo</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">apt</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">install</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">virt-manager</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line> </span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 在 CentOS/RHEL 上</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">sudo</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">dnf</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">install</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">virt-manager</span></span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><strong>启动 libvirtd 服务</strong>（如果尚未启动）：</p>
|
||
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">sudo</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">systemctl</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">enable</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--now</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">libvirtd</span></span></code></pre></div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><strong>配置用户权限</strong>： 确保用户属于 <code>libvirt</code> 组，以便能够管理虚拟机：</p>
|
||
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">sudo</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">usermod</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">-aG</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">libvirt</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> $USER</span></span></code></pre></div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><strong>重启系统或重新登录</strong>，以应用权限更改。</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<h3 id="使用-virt-manager-管理虚拟机">使用 Virt-manager 管理虚拟机<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#使用-virt-manager-管理虚拟机" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
|
||
<h4 id="创建和配置虚拟机">创建和配置虚拟机<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#创建和配置虚拟机" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><strong>启动 Virt-manager</strong>： 打开终端并运行 <code>virt-manager</code> 命令，或通过桌面环境的应用菜单启动 Virt-manager。</p>
|
||
<p><img src="https://static.7wate.com/2024/07/18/de58312e74458.png" alt="启动 Virt-manager"/></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><strong>创建新虚拟机</strong>：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>在 Virt-manager 主界面，点击左上角的创建新虚拟机按钮。</p>
|
||
<p><img src="https://static.7wate.com/2024/07/18/41b4b10b5942d.png" alt="创建新虚拟机"/></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>选择安装来源（例如 ISO 映像或网络安装），点击转到下一步。</p>
|
||
<p><img src="https://static.7wate.com/2024/07/18/d01385316a5e4.png" alt="选择安装来源"/></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>设置虚拟机名称、内存和 CPU 配置，点击转到下一步。</p>
|
||
<p><img src="https://static.7wate.com/2024/07/18/86ace29f6f5c4.png" alt="设置虚拟机名称、内存和 CPU 配置"/></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>配置虚拟机硬盘（例如，创建新磁盘映像或使用现有磁盘），点击转到下一步。</p>
|
||
<p><img src="https://static.7wate.com/2024/07/18/004d7d2942ea7.png" alt="配置虚拟机硬盘"/></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>选择网络配置（例如，桥接网络或默认 NAT 网络），点击转到下一步。</p>
|
||
<p><img src="https://static.7wate.com/2024/07/18/ad776ed472584.png" alt="选择网络配置"/></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>检查配置并点击完成以创建虚拟机。</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><strong>配置虚拟机</strong>：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>右键点击已创建的虚拟机，选择打开以启动虚拟机。</li>
|
||
<li>在虚拟机启动后，可以通过 VNC 或 SPICE 连接访问虚拟机的图形界面。</li>
|
||
<li>在虚拟机设置中，可以调整虚拟机的硬件配置，如增加内存、添加硬盘或修改网络设置。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<h4 id="监控和管理虚拟机">监控和管理虚拟机<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#监控和管理虚拟机" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li><strong>监控虚拟机性能</strong>：
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>在 Virt-manager 主界面，双击虚拟机名称进入详细信息面板。</li>
|
||
<li>查看 CPU、内存、网络和存储的实时使用情况。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li><strong>管理虚拟机状态</strong>：
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>在主界面中，右键点击虚拟机名称，可以选择启动、暂停、恢复、关闭等操作。</li>
|
||
<li>查看和管理虚拟机的快照，执行备份和恢复操作。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<h4 id="使用-virt-manager-进行快照和迁移">使用 Virt-manager 进行快照和迁移<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#使用-virt-manager-进行快照和迁移" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li><strong>创建快照</strong>：
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>在 Virt-manager 中，选择虚拟机，右键点击并选择快照。</li>
|
||
<li>点击创建快照按钮，输入快照名称和描述，然后点击创建。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li><strong>恢复快照</strong>：
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>在 Virt-manager 中，选择虚拟机，右键点击并选择快照。</li>
|
||
<li>选择要恢复的快照，点击恢复按钮。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li><strong>实时迁移虚拟机</strong>：
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>在 Virt-manager 中，选择要迁移的虚拟机，右键点击并选择迁移。</li>
|
||
<li>输入目标主机的连接信息，选择迁移选项（如实时迁移），然后点击开始迁移。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<p>通过上述方法，用户可以使用 Virt-manager 轻松创建、配置和管理 KVM 虚拟机，同时进行性能监控、快照管理和虚拟机迁移等操作。Virt-manager 的图形化界面使得虚拟机管理任务更加直观和便捷。</p>
|
||
<h2 id="cockpit">Cockpit<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#cockpit" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
|
||
<h3 id="cockpit-概述">Cockpit 概述<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#cockpit-概述" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
|
||
<p>Cockpit 是一个开源的服务器管理工具，提供了一个基于 Web 的图形用户界面，用于管理 Linux 服务器。其主要功能和特点包括：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>实时监控和管理</strong>：提供实时系统性能监控、日志查看、服务管理等功能。</li>
|
||
<li><strong>用户友好</strong>：简单直观的 Web 界面，易于使用和配置。</li>
|
||
<li><strong>扩展性</strong>：通过插件机制扩展功能，可以管理存储、虚拟化、网络等。</li>
|
||
<li><strong>多服务器管理</strong>：可以集中管理多个服务器，支持跨主机操作。</li>
|
||
<li><strong>集成虚拟化管理</strong>：内置对 KVM 虚拟机的支持，可以创建和管理虚拟机。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>Cockpit 的架构包括以下主要组件：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Web 前端</strong>：基于 HTML5 和 JavaScript 构建的用户界面，通过 Web 浏览器访问。</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Cockpit 服务</strong>：运行在服务器上的后台服务，处理用户请求并与系统进行交互。</li>
|
||
<li><strong>系统接口</strong>：Cockpit 使用 D-Bus 与 Linux 系统和服务进行通信，执行管理任务。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h3 id="cockpit-安装与配置">Cockpit 安装与配置<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#cockpit-安装与配置" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
|
||
<p>Cockpit 可以在多种 Linux 发行版上安装。以下是一些常见的安装步骤：</p>
|
||
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 在 Ubuntu 上</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">sudo</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">apt</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">update</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">sudo</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">apt</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">install</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">cockpit</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">sudo</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">systemctl</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">enable</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--now</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">cockpit.socket</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 打开防火墙端口</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">sudo</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">ufw</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">allow</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">9090</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">/tcp</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line> </span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 在 CentOS/RHEL 上</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">sudo</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">yum</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">install</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">cockpit</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">sudo</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">systemctl</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">enable</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--now</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">cockpit.socket</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 打开防火墙端口</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">sudo</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">firewall-cmd</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--add-port=9090/tcp</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--permanent</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">sudo</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">firewall-cmd</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--reload</span></span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>在浏览器中访问 <code>https://<server-ip>:9090</code>，使用服务器上的用户凭证登录。</p>
|
||
<h3 id="使用-cockpit-管理虚拟机">使用 Cockpit 管理虚拟机<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#使用-cockpit-管理虚拟机" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
|
||
<h4 id="创建和管理虚拟机">创建和管理虚拟机<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#创建和管理虚拟机" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><strong>启用虚拟化插件</strong>：</p>
|
||
<p>安装 Cockpit 的虚拟化插件（如果尚未安装）。</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 在 Ubuntu 上：</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">sudo</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">apt</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">install</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">cockpit-machines</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line> </span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 在 CentOS/RHEL 上：</span></span>
|
||
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">sudo</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">yum</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">install</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">cockpit-machines</span></span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li><strong>创建虚拟机</strong>：</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>在 Cockpit Web 界面中，导航到虚拟机页面。</li>
|
||
<li>点击创建新虚拟机按钮，按照向导输入虚拟机名称、操作系统类型、内存、CPU 和磁盘配置。</li>
|
||
<li>选择安装来源（ISO 镜像或网络安装），点击创建完成虚拟机的创建。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li><strong>管理虚拟机</strong>：</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>在虚拟机页面，查看已创建的虚拟机列表。</li>
|
||
<li>选择虚拟机，可以执行启动、停止、重启、暂停等操作。</li>
|
||
<li>点击虚拟机名称，可以查看详细信息并修改配置。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h4 id="配置网络和存储">配置网络和存储<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#配置网络和存储" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li><strong>配置网络</strong>：
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>在虚拟机页面，选择虚拟机并进入详细信息页面。</li>
|
||
<li>在网络选项卡中，添加或修改网络接口，选择桥接或 NAT 网络类型。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li><strong>配置存储</strong>：
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>在虚拟机页面，选择虚拟机并进入详细信息页面。</li>
|
||
<li>在存储选项卡中，添加或修改存储设备，选择磁盘镜像文件或 LVM 卷。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<h4 id="使用-cockpit-进行监控和管理">使用 Cockpit 进行监控和管理<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#使用-cockpit-进行监控和管理" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li><strong>监控系统性能</strong>：
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>在 Cockpit 主界面中，查看系统概览，包括 CPU、内存、磁盘和网络使用情况。</li>
|
||
<li>导航到日志页面，查看系统日志和服务日志，帮助诊断问题。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li><strong>管理服务</strong>：
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>在 Cockpit 主界面中，导航到服务页面，查看和管理系统服务。</li>
|
||
<li>可以启动、停止、重启服务，并查看服务状态和日志。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li><strong>多服务器管理</strong>：
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>在 Cockpit 主界面中，导航到仪表板页面，添加其他服务器进行集中管理。</li>
|
||
<li>输入其他服务器的 IP 地址和凭证，添加成功后，可以跨主机进行操作和监控。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<p>通过以上步骤，用户可以使用 Cockpit 创建和管理虚拟机，配置网络和存储，并进行系统监控和管理。Cockpit 提供了一个直观且功能强大的 Web 界面，使得 Linux 服务器管理变得更加简便和高效。</p>
|
||
<h2 id="proxmox-ve">Proxmox VE<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#proxmox-ve" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
|
||
<h3 id="proxmox-ve-概述">Proxmox VE 概述<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#proxmox-ve-概述" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
|
||
<p>Proxmox Virtual Environment (Proxmox VE) 是一个开源的服务器虚拟化管理平台，集成了 KVM 和 LXC（Linux 容器），提供企业级的虚拟化解决方案。其主要功能和特点包括：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>虚拟化集成</strong>：支持 KVM 虚拟机和 LXC 容器，提供灵活的虚拟化选择。</li>
|
||
<li><strong>集中管理</strong>：通过基于 Web 的用户界面，集中管理所有虚拟机和容器。</li>
|
||
<li><strong>高可用性</strong>：内置高可用性（HA）集群管理，确保服务持续运行。</li>
|
||
<li><strong>存储支持</strong>：支持多种存储类型，包括本地存储、NFS、iSCSI 和 Ceph 分布式存储。</li>
|
||
<li><strong>备份和恢复</strong>：提供全面的备份和恢复功能，确保数据安全。</li>
|
||
<li><strong>集成防火墙</strong>：内置防火墙功能，提高虚拟机和容器的安全性。</li>
|
||
<li><strong>集成 Web 界面</strong>：易于使用的 Web 界面，简化管理任务。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>Proxmox VE 的架构主要包括以下组件：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Proxmox VE 主机</strong>：运行 KVM 和 LXC 的物理服务器，托管虚拟机和容器。</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Proxmox VE 集群</strong>：多个 Proxmox VE 主机组成的集群，提供高可用性和负载均衡。</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Proxmox VE Web 界面</strong>：基于 Web 的管理界面，用于管理集群、虚拟机和容器。</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Proxmox VE API</strong>：提供 RESTful API，用于集成和自动化管理任务。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h3 id="proxmox-ve-安装与配置">Proxmox VE 安装与配置<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#proxmox-ve-安装与配置" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li><strong>下载 Proxmox VE 安装 ISO</strong>：
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>访问 Proxmox VE 官网 下载最新的安装 ISO。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li><strong>创建安装介质</strong>：
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>使用 Rufus、Etcher 等工具，将 ISO 写入 U 盘或刻录到光盘。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li><strong>启动安装</strong>：
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>将安装介质插入服务器，重启并从安装介质启动。</li>
|
||
<li>按照安装向导完成安装，包括选择目标磁盘、配置网络和设置管理账户。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li><strong>完成安装后，访问 Web 界面</strong>：
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>在浏览器中访问 <code>https://<server-ip>:8006</code>，使用安装时设置的管理账户登录。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<h3 id="使用-proxmox-ve-管理虚拟机">使用 Proxmox VE 管理虚拟机<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#使用-proxmox-ve-管理虚拟机" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
|
||
<h4 id="创建和管理虚拟机-1">创建和管理虚拟机<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#创建和管理虚拟机-1" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li><strong>创建虚拟机</strong>：
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>在 Web 界面中，导航到节点 ->虚拟机。</li>
|
||
<li>点击创建虚拟机，按照向导输入虚拟机名称、操作系统类型、硬盘大小和网络配置。</li>
|
||
<li>点击完成创建虚拟机。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li><strong>管理虚拟机</strong>：
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>在虚拟机列表中，选择虚拟机，使用启动、停止、重启等操作管理虚拟机。</li>
|
||
<li>编辑虚拟机配置，调整 CPU、内存、存储和网络设置。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<h4 id="配置网络和存储-1">配置网络和存储<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#配置网络和存储-1" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li><strong>配置虚拟网络</strong>：
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>在节点 ->网络中，添加或编辑桥接网络、VLAN 和绑定接口。</li>
|
||
<li>在虚拟机网络设置中，选择相应的网络接口。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li><strong>配置存储卷</strong>：
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>在数据中心 ->存储中，添加或管理存储池。</li>
|
||
<li>为虚拟机分配存储卷，调整存储大小和类型。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<h4 id="高可用性和备份">高可用性和备份<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#高可用性和备份" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li><strong>配置高可用性</strong>：
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>在数据中心 ->高可用性中，添加虚拟机到高可用性组。</li>
|
||
<li>配置高可用性参数，确保虚拟机在节点故障时自动迁移。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li><strong>配置备份</strong>：
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>在数据中心 ->备份中，创建备份计划，选择备份存储、频率和保留策略。</li>
|
||
<li>配置备份任务，确保定期备份虚拟机数据。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<h2 id="kvm-管理工具的选择">KVM 管理工具的选择<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#kvm-管理工具的选择" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
|
||
<h3 id="根据需求选择合适的工具">根据需求选择合适的工具<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#根据需求选择合适的工具" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
|
||
<p>选择合适的 KVM 管理工具应根据具体需求进行考虑，例如企业环境的高可用性、桌面环境的简单虚拟机管理等。</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>**libvirt：**libvirt 是一个开源 API、守护进程和管理工具，用于管理平台虚拟化技术，包括 KVM、QEMU、Xen、VMware ESXi 等。</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>**virt-manager：**virt-manager 是一个基于桌面的图形化工具，用于管理 KVM 虚拟机，主要依赖于 libvirt。</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>**Cockpit：**Cockpit 是一个轻量级的 web 界面，支持系统管理和 KVM 虚拟机管理，通过插件扩展功能。</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>**Proxmox VE：**Proxmox VE 是一个开源的企业级虚拟化管理平台，支持 KVM 和 LXC 容器，提供高可用性、备份和集群管理功能。</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h3 id="各工具的优缺点比较">各工具的优缺点比较<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#各工具的优缺点比较" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
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||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
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||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
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||
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||
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||
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|
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|
||
|
||
<table><thead><tr><th>工具</th><th>优点</th><th>缺点</th><th>适用场景</th><th>易用性</th><th>扩展性</th><th>性能优化</th><th>高可用性</th><th>支持平台</th><th>界面</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>libvirt</td><td>灵活、支持多种虚拟化平台、API 支持广泛、命令行工具强大</td><td>初学者学习曲线较陡，需要较多配置和命令行操作</td><td>高度定制化需求</td><td>一般</td><td>高</td><td>高</td><td>无</td><td>KVM, QEMU, Xen, VMware ESXi</td><td>CLI</td></tr><tr><td>virt-manager</td><td>图形化界面简单易用、适合桌面环境、依赖 libvirt</td><td>功能相对较少，不支持高级特性如高可用性和集群管理</td><td>小规模桌面环境</td><td>高</td><td>一般</td><td>一般</td><td>无</td><td>KVM</td><td>GUI</td></tr><tr><td>Cockpit</td><td>轻量级、扩展性强、支持插件、直观的 web 界面</td><td>虚拟机管理功能有限，需要额外配置</td><td>中小型服务器管理</td><td>高</td><td>高</td><td>一般</td><td>无</td><td>KVM</td><td>Web</td></tr><tr><td>Proxmox VE</td><td>集成度高、支持高可用性和备份、图形化界面友好、支持集群管理和 LXC 容器</td><td>初始配置复杂、对硬件要求较高</td><td>企业级虚拟化和容器管理</td><td>一般</td><td>高</td><td>高</td><td>高</td><td>KVM, LXC</td><td>Web</td></tr></tbody></table>
|
||
<h2 id="未来发展趋势">未来发展趋势<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#未来发展趋势" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
|
||
<h3 id="kvm-管理工具的发展方向">KVM 管理工具的发展方向<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#kvm-管理工具的发展方向" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>自动化和编排</strong>：随着虚拟化和云计算的发展，自动化和编排工具将变得更加重要。</li>
|
||
<li><strong>容器集成</strong>：越来越多的 KVM 管理工具开始支持容器，提供虚拟机和容器的混合管理。</li>
|
||
<li><strong>增强安全性</strong>：安全性将继续成为虚拟化管理的重要考虑因素，更多的安全功能和机制将被集成。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h3 id="新兴技术和工具">新兴技术和工具<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#新兴技术和工具" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>云原生技术</strong>：Kubernetes 和 OpenShift 等云原生平台正在集成虚拟化功能，提供统一的容器和虚拟机管理。</li>
|
||
<li><strong>边缘计算</strong>：随着边缘计算的兴起，新的虚拟化管理工具将出现，支持分布式和低延迟环境。</li>
|
||
<li><strong>人工智能和机器学习</strong>：AI 和 ML 技术将被用于优化虚拟化管理，提供智能调度和预测性维护。</li>
|
||
</ul></article></div><div class="right sidebar"><div class="graph "><h3>Graph View</h3><div class="graph-outer"><div id="graph-container" data-cfg="{"drag":true,"zoom":true,"depth":1,"scale":1.1,"repelForce":0.5,"centerForce":0.3,"linkDistance":30,"fontSize":0.6,"opacityScale":1,"showTags":true,"removeTags":[]}"></div><svg version="1.1" id="global-graph-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlnsXlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 55 55" fill="currentColor" xmlSpace="preserve"><path d="M49,0c-3.309,0-6,2.691-6,6c0,1.035,0.263,2.009,0.726,2.86l-9.829,9.829C32.542,17.634,30.846,17,29,17
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s-2-0.897-2-2s0.897-2,2-2S47,39.897,47,41z M49,10c-2.206,0-4-1.794-4-4s1.794-4,4-4s4,1.794,4,4S51.206,10,49,10z"></path></svg></div><div id="global-graph-outer"><div id="global-graph-container" data-cfg="{"drag":true,"zoom":true,"depth":-1,"scale":0.9,"repelForce":0.5,"centerForce":0.3,"linkDistance":30,"fontSize":0.6,"opacityScale":1,"showTags":true,"removeTags":[]}"></div></div></div><div class="toc desktop-only"><button type="button" id="toc" class><h3>Table of Contents</h3><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="fold"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg></button><div id="toc-content"><ul class="overflow"><li class="depth-0"><a href="#kvm-管理工具" data-for="kvm-管理工具">KVM 管理工具</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#libvirt" data-for="libvirt">Libvirt</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#libvirt-概述" data-for="libvirt-概述">Libvirt 概述</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#libvirt-安装与配置" data-for="libvirt-安装与配置">Libvirt 安装与配置</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#virsh-管理命令" data-for="virsh-管理命令">Virsh 管理命令</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#libvirt-api-开发" data-for="libvirt-api-开发">Libvirt API 开发</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#virt-manager" data-for="virt-manager">Virt-manager</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#virt-manager-概述" data-for="virt-manager-概述">Virt-manager 概述</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#virt-manager-安装与配置" data-for="virt-manager-安装与配置">Virt-manager 安装与配置</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#使用-virt-manager-管理虚拟机" data-for="使用-virt-manager-管理虚拟机">使用 Virt-manager 管理虚拟机</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#cockpit" data-for="cockpit">Cockpit</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#cockpit-概述" data-for="cockpit-概述">Cockpit 概述</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#cockpit-安装与配置" data-for="cockpit-安装与配置">Cockpit 安装与配置</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#使用-cockpit-管理虚拟机" data-for="使用-cockpit-管理虚拟机">使用 Cockpit 管理虚拟机</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#proxmox-ve" data-for="proxmox-ve">Proxmox VE</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#proxmox-ve-概述" data-for="proxmox-ve-概述">Proxmox VE 概述</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#proxmox-ve-安装与配置" data-for="proxmox-ve-安装与配置">Proxmox VE 安装与配置</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#使用-proxmox-ve-管理虚拟机" data-for="使用-proxmox-ve-管理虚拟机">使用 Proxmox VE 管理虚拟机</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#kvm-管理工具的选择" data-for="kvm-管理工具的选择">KVM 管理工具的选择</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#根据需求选择合适的工具" data-for="根据需求选择合适的工具">根据需求选择合适的工具</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#各工具的优缺点比较" data-for="各工具的优缺点比较">各工具的优缺点比较</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#未来发展趋势" data-for="未来发展趋势">未来发展趋势</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#kvm-管理工具的发展方向" data-for="kvm-管理工具的发展方向">KVM 管理工具的发展方向</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#新兴技术和工具" data-for="新兴技术和工具">新兴技术和工具</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="backlinks 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data-folderul="/Journal/2022/W47"><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2022/W47/2022-11-21" data-for="Journal/2022/W47/2022-11-21">2022-11-21</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2022/W47/2022-11-22" data-for="Journal/2022/W47/2022-11-22">2022-11-22</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2022/W47/2022-W47" data-for="Journal/2022/W47/2022-W47">2022-W47</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2022/W48"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W48</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2022/W48"><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2022/W48/2022-11-28" data-for="Journal/2022/W48/2022-11-28">2022-11-28</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2022/W48/2022-11-29" data-for="Journal/2022/W48/2022-11-29">2022-11-29</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2022/W48/2022-12-01" data-for="Journal/2022/W48/2022-12-01">2022-12-01</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2022/W48/2022-12-04" data-for="Journal/2022/W48/2022-12-04">2022-12-04</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2022/W49"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W49</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2022/W49"><li><li><a 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data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W2"><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2023/W2/2023-W2" data-for="Journal/2023/W2/2023-W2">2023-W2</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W3"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W3</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W3"><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2023/W3/2023-01-16" data-for="Journal/2023/W3/2023-01-16">2023-01-16</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2023/W3/2023-01-18" data-for="Journal/2023/W3/2023-01-18">2023-01-18</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W5"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W5</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W5"><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2023/W5/2023-W5" data-for="Journal/2023/W5/2023-W5">2023-W5</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W6"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W6</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W6"><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2023/W6/2023-W6" data-for="Journal/2023/W6/2023-W6">2023-W6</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W7"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W7</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W7"><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2023/W7/2023-02-14" data-for="Journal/2023/W7/2023-02-14">2023-02-14</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2023/W7/2023-02-15" data-for="Journal/2023/W7/2023-02-15">2023-02-15</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2023/W7/2023-02-16" data-for="Journal/2023/W7/2023-02-16">2023-02-16</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W8"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W8</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W8"><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2023/W8/2023-02-20" data-for="Journal/2023/W8/2023-02-20">2023-02-20</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2023/W8/2023-02-22" data-for="Journal/2023/W8/2023-02-22">2023-02-22</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W10"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W10</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W10"><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2023/W10/2023-W10" data-for="Journal/2023/W10/2023-W10">2023-W10</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W12"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W12</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W12"><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2023/W12/2023-03-20" data-for="Journal/2023/W12/2023-03-20">2023-03-20</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2023/W12/2023-03-21" data-for="Journal/2023/W12/2023-03-21">2023-03-21</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2023/W12/2023-W12" data-for="Journal/2023/W12/2023-W12">2023-W12</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W14"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W14</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer 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href="../../../../Journal/2023/W16/2023-04-23" data-for="Journal/2023/W16/2023-04-23">2023-04-23</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W22"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W22</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W22"><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2023/W22/2023-05-31" data-for="Journal/2023/W22/2023-05-31">2023-05-31</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2023/W22/2023-06-01" data-for="Journal/2023/W22/2023-06-01">2023-06-01</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2023/W22/2023-W22" data-for="Journal/2023/W22/2023-W22">2023-W22</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W23"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W23</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W23"><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2023/W23/2023-06-05" data-for="Journal/2023/W23/2023-06-05">2023-06-05</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2023/W23/2023-06-08" data-for="Journal/2023/W23/2023-06-08">2023-06-08</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2023/W23/2023-W23" data-for="Journal/2023/W23/2023-W23">2023-W23</a></li></li></ul></div></div></li><li><div><div class="folder-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" viewBox="5 8 14 8" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="folder-icon"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg><div data-folderpath="/Journal/2023/W24"><button class="folder-button"><p class="folder-title">W24</p></button></div></div><div class="folder-outer "><ul style="padding-left:1.4rem;" class="content" data-folderul="/Journal/2023/W24"><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2023/W24/2023-06-12" data-for="Journal/2023/W24/2023-06-12">2023-06-12</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2023/W24/2023-06-13" data-for="Journal/2023/W24/2023-06-13">2023-06-13</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2023/W24/2023-06-15" data-for="Journal/2023/W24/2023-06-15">2023-06-15</a></li></li><li><li><a href="../../../../Journal/2023/W24/2023-W24" 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