Python: 目录调整
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{
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"label": "入门",
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"position": 2,
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"link": {
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"type": "generated-index",
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"title": "入门"
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}
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}
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{
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"label": "文化",
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"position": 1,
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"link": {
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"type": "generated-index",
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"title": "文化"
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}
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}
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@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ keywords:
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- Jinja
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- 教程
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tags:
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- Python/进阶
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- Python/PyPI
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author: 7Wate
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date: 2023-10-18
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@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ keywords:
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- python
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- configparser
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tags:
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- Python/进阶
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- Python/标准库
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author: 7Wate
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date: 2023-10-20
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@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ keywords:
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- Python
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- csv
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tags:
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- Python/进阶
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- Python/标准库
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author: 7Wate
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date: 2023-10-20
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@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ keywords:
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- Python
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- json
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tags:
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- Python/进阶
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- Python/标准库
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author: 7Wate
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date: 2023-10-20
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@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ keywords:
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- logging
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- 日志
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tags:
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- Python/进阶
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- Python/标准库
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author: 7Wate
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date: 2023-10-20
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@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ keywords:
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- loguru
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- 日志
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tags:
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- Python/进阶
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- Python/PyPI
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sidebar_position: 5
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date: 2023-10-20
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@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ keywords:
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- os
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- 多种操作系统接口
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tags:
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- Python/进阶
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- Python/标准库
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author: 7Wate
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date: 2023-08-04
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@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ keywords:
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- Python
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- subprocess
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tags:
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- Python/进阶
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- Python/标准库
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author: 7Wate
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date: 2023-09-07
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@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ keywords:
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- 拓展模块
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- sys
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tags:
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- Python/进阶
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- Python/标准库
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author: 7Wate
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date: 2023-09-07
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@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ keywords:
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- Python
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- 拓展模块
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tags:
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- Python/进阶
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- Python/PyPI
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author: 7Wate
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date: 2023-10-19
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@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ keywords:
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- Python
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- socket
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tags:
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- Python/进阶
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- Python/标准库
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author: 7Wate
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date: 2023-09-09
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@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ keywords:
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- python
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- urllib
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tags:
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- Python/进阶
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- Python/标准库
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author: 7Wate
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date: 2023-08-29
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@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
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{
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"label": "资源",
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"position": 5,
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"link": {
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"type": "generated-index",
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"title": "资源"
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}
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}
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{
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"label": "进阶",
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"position": 3,
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"link": {
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"type": "generated-index",
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"title": "进阶"
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}
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}
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@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ keywords:
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- 函数式编程
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tags:
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- Python/进阶
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- Python/语言参考
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sidebar_position: 3
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author: 7Wate
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date: 2023-08-11
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@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ keywords:
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- 垃圾回收
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tags:
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- Python/进阶
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- Python/语言参考
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sidebar_position: 4
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author: 7Wate
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date: 2023-10-27
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{
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"label": "常用技巧",
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"position": 3,
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"link": {
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"type": "generated-index",
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"title": "常用技巧"
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}
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}
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@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ keywords:
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- 并发
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tags:
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- Python/进阶
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- Python/语言参考
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sidebar_position: 2
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author: 7Wate
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date: 2023-08-11
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{
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"label": "拓展模块",
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"position": 2,
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"link": {
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"type": "generated-index",
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"title": "拓展模块"
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}
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}
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{
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"label": "语言参考",
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"position": 1,
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"link": {
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"type": "generated-index",
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"title": "语言参考"
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}
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}
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@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ keywords:
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- 面对对象
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tags:
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- Python/进阶
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- Python/语言参考
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sidebar_position: 1
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author: 7Wate
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date: 2023-08-10
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{
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"label": "项目实践",
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"position": 5,
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"link": {
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"type": "generated-index",
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"title": "项目实践"
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}
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}
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{
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"label": "文档指南",
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"position": 3,
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"link": {
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"type": "generated-index",
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"title": "文档指南"
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}
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}
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{
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"label": "虚拟环境",
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"position": 4,
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"link": {
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"type": "generated-index",
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"title": "虚拟环境"
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}
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}
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{
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"label": "风格指南",
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"position": 2,
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"link": {
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"type": "generated-index",
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"title": "风格指南"
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}
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}
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@ -1,478 +0,0 @@
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---
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id: 常用正则大全
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title: 常用正则大全
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data: 2022年1月22日
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---
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- [regex101（测试工具）](https://regex101.com/)
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- [REGEXP（测试工具）](https://regexr.com/)
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- [Regulex（可视化工具）](https://jex.im/regulex)
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- [**Regex-Vis（可视化工具）**](https://regex-vis.com/)
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感谢 [any-rule](https://github.com/any86/any-rule) 项目
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感谢 [learn-regex](https://github.com/ziishaned/learn-regex) 项目
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## 🍔正则
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### 火车车次
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```javascript
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/^[GCDZTSPKXLY1-9]\d{1,4}$/
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```
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### 手机机身码(IMEI)
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```javascript
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/^\d{15,17}$/
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```
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### 必须带端口号的网址(或ip)
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```javascript
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/^((ht|f)tps?:\/\/)?[\w-]+(\.[\w-]+)+:\d{1,5}\/?$/
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```
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### 网址(URL)
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```javascript
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/^(((ht|f)tps?):\/\/)?([^!@#$%^&*?.\s-]([^!@#$%^&*?.\s]{0,63}[^!@#$%^&*?.\s])?\.)+[a-z]{2,6}\/?/
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```
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### 统一社会信用代码
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```javascript
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/^[0-9A-HJ-NPQRTUWXY]{2}\d{6}[0-9A-HJ-NPQRTUWXY]{10}$/
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```
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### 统一社会信用代码(宽松匹配)(15位/18位/20位数字/字母)
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```javascript
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/^(([0-9A-Za-z]{15})|([0-9A-Za-z]{18})|([0-9A-Za-z]{20}))$/
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```
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### 迅雷链接
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```javascript
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/^thunderx?:\/\/[a-zA-Z\d]+=$/
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```
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### ed2k链接(宽松匹配)
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```javascript
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/^ed2k:\/\/\|file\|.+\|\/$/
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```
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### 磁力链接(宽松匹配)
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```javascript
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/^magnet:\?xt=urn:btih:[0-9a-fA-F]{40,}.*$/
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```
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### 子网掩码(不包含 0.0.0.0)
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```javascript
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/^(254|252|248|240|224|192|128)\.0\.0\.0|255\.(254|252|248|240|224|192|128|0)\.0\.0|255\.255\.(254|252|248|240|224|192|128|0)\.0|255\.255\.255\.(255|254|252|248|240|224|192|128|0)$/
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```
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### linux"隐藏文件"路径
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```javascript
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/^\/(?:[^/]+\/)*\.[^/]*/
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```
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### linux文件夹路径
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```javascript
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/^\/(?:[^/]+\/)*$/
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```
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### linux文件路径
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```javascript
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/^\/(?:[^/]+\/)*[^/]+$/
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```
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### window"文件夹"路径
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```javascript
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/^[a-zA-Z]:\\(?:\w+\\?)*$/
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```
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### window下"文件"路径
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```javascript
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/^[a-zA-Z]:\\(?:\w+\\)*\w+\.\w+$/
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```
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### 股票代码(A股)
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```javascript
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/^(s[hz]|S[HZ])(000[\d]{3}|002[\d]{3}|300[\d]{3}|600[\d]{3}|60[\d]{4})$/
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```
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### 大于等于0, 小于等于150, 支持小数位出现5, 如145.5, 用于判断考卷分数
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```javascript
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/^150$|^(?:\d|[1-9]\d|1[0-4]\d)(?:\.5)?$/
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```
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### html注释
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```javascript
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/<!--[\s\S]*?-->/g
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```
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### md5格式(32位)
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```javascript
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/^([a-f\d]{32}|[A-F\d]{32})$/
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```
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### GUID/UUID
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```javascript
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/^[a-f\d]{4}(?:[a-f\d]{4}-){4}[a-f\d]{12}$/i
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```
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### 版本号(version)格式必须为X.Y.Z
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```javascript
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/^\d+(?:\.\d+){2}$/
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```
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### 视频(video)链接地址（视频格式可按需增删）
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```javascript
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/^https?:\/\/(.+\/)+.+(\.(swf|avi|flv|mpg|rm|mov|wav|asf|3gp|mkv|rmvb|mp4))$/i
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```
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### 图片(image)链接地址（图片格式可按需增删）
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```javascript
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/^https?:\/\/(.+\/)+.+(\.(gif|png|jpg|jpeg|webp|svg|psd|bmp|tif))$/i
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```
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### 24小时制时间（HH:mm:ss）
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```javascript
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/^(?:[01]\d|2[0-3]):[0-5]\d:[0-5]\d$/
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```
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### 12小时制时间（hh:mm:ss）
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```javascript
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/^(?:1[0-2]|0?[1-9]):[0-5]\d:[0-5]\d$/
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```
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### base64格式
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```javascript
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/^\s*data:(?:[a-z]+\/[a-z0-9-+.]+(?:;[a-z-]+=[a-z0-9-]+)?)?(?:;base64)?,([a-z0-9!$&',()*+;=\-._~:@/?%\s]*?)\s*$/i
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```
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### 数字/货币金额（支持负数、千分位分隔符）
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```javascript
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/^-?\d+(,\d{3})*(\.\d{1,2})?$/
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```
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### 数字/货币金额 (只支持正数、不支持校验千分位分隔符)
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```javascript
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/(?:^[1-9]([0-9]+)?(?:\.[0-9]{1,2})?$)|(?:^(?:0)$)|(?:^[0-9]\.[0-9](?:[0-9])?$)/
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```
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### 银行卡号（10到30位, 覆盖对公/私账户, 参考[微信支付](https://pay.weixin.qq.com/wiki/doc/api/xiaowei.php?chapter=22_1)）
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```javascript
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/^[1-9]\d{9,29}$/
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```
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### 中文姓名
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```javascript
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/^(?:[\u4e00-\u9fa5·]{2,16})$/
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```
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### 英文姓名
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```javascript
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/(^[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z\s]{0,20}[a-zA-Z]$)/
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```
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### 车牌号(新能源)
|
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```javascript
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/^[京津沪渝冀豫云辽黑湘皖鲁新苏浙赣鄂桂甘晋蒙陕吉闽贵粤青藏川宁琼使领][A-HJ-NP-Z](?:((\d{5}[A-HJK])|([A-HJK][A-HJ-NP-Z0-9][0-9]{4}))|[A-HJ-NP-Z0-9]{4}[A-HJ-NP-Z0-9挂学警港澳])$/
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```
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### 车牌号(非新能源)
|
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|
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```javascript
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/^[京津沪渝冀豫云辽黑湘皖鲁新苏浙赣鄂桂甘晋蒙陕吉闽贵粤青藏川宁琼使领][A-HJ-NP-Z][A-HJ-NP-Z0-9]{4}[A-HJ-NP-Z0-9挂学警港澳]$/
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```
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### 车牌号(新能源+非新能源)
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|
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```javascript
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/^[京津沪渝冀豫云辽黑湘皖鲁新苏浙赣鄂桂甘晋蒙陕吉闽贵粤青藏川宁琼使领][A-HJ-NP-Z][A-HJ-NP-Z0-9]{4,5}[A-HJ-NP-Z0-9挂学警港澳]$/
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```
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### 手机号(mobile phone)中国(严谨), 根据工信部2019年最新公布的手机号段
|
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|
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```javascript
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/^(?:(?:\+|00)86)?1(?:(?:3[\d])|(?:4[5-79])|(?:5[0-35-9])|(?:6[5-7])|(?:7[0-8])|(?:8[\d])|(?:9[189]))\d{8}$/
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```
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### 手机号(mobile phone)中国(宽松), 只要是13,14,15,16,17,18,19开头即可
|
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|
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```javascript
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/^(?:(?:\+|00)86)?1[3-9]\d{9}$/
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```
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### 手机号(mobile phone)中国(最宽松), 只要是1开头即可, 如果你的手机号是用来接收短信, 优先建议选择这一条
|
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|
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```javascript
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/^(?:(?:\+|00)86)?1\d{10}$/
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```
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### date(日期)
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```javascript
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/^\d{1,4}(-)(1[0-2]|0?[1-9])\1(0?[1-9]|[1-2]\d|30|31)$/
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```
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### 可以被moment转化成功的时间 YYYYMMDD HH:mm:ss
|
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|
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```javascript
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/^\d{4}([/:-\S])(1[0-2]|0?[1-9])\1(0?[1-9]|[1-2]\d|30|31) (?:[01]\d|2[0-3]):[0-5]\d:[0-5]\d$/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### email(邮箱)
|
||||
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
/^(([^<>()[\]\\.,;:\s@"]+(\.[^<>()[\]\\.,;:\s@"]+)*)|(".+"))@((\[[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\])|(([a-zA-Z\-0-9]+\.)+[a-zA-Z]{2,}))$/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 座机(tel phone)电话(国内),如: 0341-86091234
|
||||
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
/^(?:(?:\d{3}-)?\d{8}|^(?:\d{4}-)?\d{7,8})(?:-\d+)?$/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 身份证号(1代,15位数字)
|
||||
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
/^[1-9]\d{7}(?:0\d|10|11|12)(?:0[1-9]|[1-2][\d]|30|31)\d{3}$/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 身份证号(2代,18位数字),最后一位是校验位,可能为数字或字符X
|
||||
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
/^[1-9]\d{5}(?:18|19|20)\d{2}(?:0[1-9]|10|11|12)(?:0[1-9]|[1-2]\d|30|31)\d{3}[\dXx]$/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 身份证号, 支持1/2代(15位/18位数字)
|
||||
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
/^\d{6}((((((19|20)\d{2})(0[13-9]|1[012])(0[1-9]|[12]\d|30))|(((19|20)\d{2})(0[13578]|1[02])31)|((19|20)\d{2})02(0[1-9]|1\d|2[0-8])|((((19|20)([13579][26]|[2468][048]|0[48]))|(2000))0229))\d{3})|((((\d{2})(0[13-9]|1[012])(0[1-9]|[12]\d|30))|((\d{2})(0[13578]|1[02])31)|((\d{2})02(0[1-9]|1\d|2[0-8]))|(([13579][26]|[2468][048]|0[048])0229))\d{2}))(\d|X|x)$/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 护照（包含香港、澳门）
|
||||
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
/(^[EeKkGgDdSsPpHh]\d{8}$)|(^(([Ee][a-fA-F])|([DdSsPp][Ee])|([Kk][Jj])|([Mm][Aa])|(1[45]))\d{7}$)/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 帐号是否合法(字母开头，允许5-16字节，允许字母数字下划线组合
|
||||
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
/^[a-zA-Z]\w{4,15}$/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 中文/汉字
|
||||
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
/^(?:[\u3400-\u4DB5\u4E00-\u9FEA\uFA0E\uFA0F\uFA11\uFA13\uFA14\uFA1F\uFA21\uFA23\uFA24\uFA27-\uFA29]|[\uD840-\uD868\uD86A-\uD86C\uD86F-\uD872\uD874-\uD879][\uDC00-\uDFFF]|\uD869[\uDC00-\uDED6\uDF00-\uDFFF]|\uD86D[\uDC00-\uDF34\uDF40-\uDFFF]|\uD86E[\uDC00-\uDC1D\uDC20-\uDFFF]|\uD873[\uDC00-\uDEA1\uDEB0-\uDFFF]|\uD87A[\uDC00-\uDFE0])+$/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 小数
|
||||
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
/^\d+\.\d+$/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 数字
|
||||
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
/^\d{1,}$/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### html标签(宽松匹配)
|
||||
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
/<(\w+)[^>]*>(.*?<\/\1>)?/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### qq号格式正确
|
||||
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
/^[1-9][0-9]{4,10}$/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 数字和字母组成
|
||||
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
/^[A-Za-z0-9]+$/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 英文字母
|
||||
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
/^[a-zA-Z]+$/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 小写英文字母组成
|
||||
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
/^[a-z]+$/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 大写英文字母
|
||||
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
/^[A-Z]+$/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 密码强度校验，最少6位，包括至少1个大写字母，1个小写字母，1个数字，1个特殊字符
|
||||
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
/^\S*(?=\S{6,})(?=\S*\d)(?=\S*[A-Z])(?=\S*[a-z])(?=\S*[!@#$%^&*? ])\S*$/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 用户名校验，4到16位（字母，数字，下划线，减号）
|
||||
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
/^[a-zA-Z0-9_-]{4,16}$/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### ip-v4[:端口]
|
||||
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
/^((\d|[1-9]\d|1\d\d|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5])\.){3}(\d|[1-9]\d|1\d\d|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5])(?::(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]{1,3}|[1-5][0-9]{4}|6[0-4][0-9]{3}|65[0-4][0-9]{2}|655[0-2][0-9]|6553[0-5]))?$/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### ip-v6[:端口]
|
||||
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
/(^(?:(?:(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){7}[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){6}:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){5}:([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:)?[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){4}:([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){0,2}[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){3}:([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){0,3}[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){2}:([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){0,4}[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){6}((\b((25[0-5])|(1\d{2})|(2[0-4]\d)|(\d{1,2}))\b)\.){3}(\b((25[0-5])|(1\d{2})|(2[0-4]\d)|(\d{1,2}))\b))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){0,5}:((\b((25[0-5])|(1\d{2})|(2[0-4]\d)|(\d{1,2}))\b)\.){3}(\b((25[0-5])|(1\d{2})|(2[0-4]\d)|(\d{1,2}))\b))|(::([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){0,5}((\b((25[0-5])|(1\d{2})|(2[0-4]\d)|(\d{1,2}))\b)\.){3}(\b((25[0-5])|(1\d{2})|(2[0-4]\d)|(\d{1,2}))\b))|([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}::([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){0,5}[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})|(::([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){0,6}[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){1,7}:))$)|(^\[(?:(?:(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){7}[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){6}:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){5}:([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:)?[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){4}:([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){0,2}[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){3}:([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){0,3}[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){2}:([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){0,4}[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){6}((\b((25[0-5])|(1\d{2})|(2[0-4]\d)|(\d{1,2}))\b)\.){3}(\b((25[0-5])|(1\d{2})|(2[0-4]\d)|(\d{1,2}))\b))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){0,5}:((\b((25[0-5])|(1\d{2})|(2[0-4]\d)|(\d{1,2}))\b)\.){3}(\b((25[0-5])|(1\d{2})|(2[0-4]\d)|(\d{1,2}))\b))|(::([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){0,5}((\b((25[0-5])|(1\d{2})|(2[0-4]\d)|(\d{1,2}))\b)\.){3}(\b((25[0-5])|(1\d{2})|(2[0-4]\d)|(\d{1,2}))\b))|([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}::([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){0,5}[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})|(::([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){0,6}[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){1,7}:))\](?::(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]{1,3}|[1-5][0-9]{4}|6[0-4][0-9]{3}|65[0-4][0-9]{2}|655[0-2][0-9]|6553[0-5]))?$)/i
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 16进制颜色
|
||||
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
/^#?([a-fA-F0-9]{6}|[a-fA-F0-9]{3})$/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 微信号(wx)，6至20位，以字母开头，字母，数字，减号，下划线
|
||||
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
/^[a-zA-Z][-_a-zA-Z0-9]{5,19}$/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 邮政编码(中国)
|
||||
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
/^(0[1-7]|1[0-356]|2[0-7]|3[0-6]|4[0-7]|5[1-7]|6[1-7]|7[0-5]|8[013-6])\d{4}$/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 中文和数字
|
||||
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
/^((?:[\u3400-\u4DB5\u4E00-\u9FEA\uFA0E\uFA0F\uFA11\uFA13\uFA14\uFA1F\uFA21\uFA23\uFA24\uFA27-\uFA29]|[\uD840-\uD868\uD86A-\uD86C\uD86F-\uD872\uD874-\uD879][\uDC00-\uDFFF]|\uD869[\uDC00-\uDED6\uDF00-\uDFFF]|\uD86D[\uDC00-\uDF34\uDF40-\uDFFF]|\uD86E[\uDC00-\uDC1D\uDC20-\uDFFF]|\uD873[\uDC00-\uDEA1\uDEB0-\uDFFF]|\uD87A[\uDC00-\uDFE0])|(\d))+$/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 不能包含字母
|
||||
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
/^[^A-Za-z]*$/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### java包名
|
||||
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
/^([a-zA-Z_]\w*)+([.][a-zA-Z_]\w*)+$/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### mac地址
|
||||
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
/^((([a-f0-9]{2}:){5})|(([a-f0-9]{2}-){5}))[a-f0-9]{2}$/i
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 匹配连续重复的字符
|
||||
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
/(.)\1+/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 数字和英文字母组成，并且同时含有数字和英文字母
|
||||
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
/^(?=.*[a-zA-Z])(?=.*\d).+$/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 香港身份证
|
||||
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
/^[a-zA-Z]\d{6}\([\dA]\)$/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 澳门身份证
|
||||
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
/^[1|5|7]\d{6}\(\d\)$/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 台湾身份证
|
||||
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
/^[a-zA-Z][0-9]{9}$/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 大写字母，小写字母，数字，特殊符号 `@#$%^&*`~()-+=` 中任意3项密码
|
||||
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
/^(?![a-zA-Z]+$)(?![A-Z0-9]+$)(?![A-Z\W_!@#$%^&*`~()-+=]+$)(?![a-z0-9]+$)(?![a-z\W_!@#$%^&*`~()-+=]+$)(?![0-9\W_!@#$%^&*`~()-+=]+$)[a-zA-Z0-9\W_!@#$%^&*`~()-+=]/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 正整数，不包含0
|
||||
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
/^\+?[1-9]\d*$/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 负整数，不包含0
|
||||
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
/^-[1-9]\d*$/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 整数
|
||||
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
/^-?[0-9]\d*$/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 浮点数
|
||||
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
/^(-?\d+)(\.\d+)?$/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### email(支持中文邮箱)
|
||||
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
/^[A-Za-z0-9\u4e00-\u9fa5]+@[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+(\.[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)+$/
|
||||
```
|
||||
@ -1,382 +0,0 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
id: 正则表达式入门
|
||||
title: 正则表达式入门
|
||||
sidebar_position: 1
|
||||
data: 2022年1月22日
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
> 正则表达式是一组由字母和符号组成的特殊文本, 它可以用来从文本中找出满足你想要的格式的句子.
|
||||
|
||||
一个正则表达式是在一个主体字符串中从左到右匹配字符串时的一种样式.
|
||||
例如"Regular expression"是一个完整的句子, 但我们常使用缩写的术语"regex"或"regexp".
|
||||
正则表达式可以用来替换文本中的字符串,验证形式,提取字符串等等.
|
||||
|
||||
想象你正在写一个应用, 然后你想设定一个用户命名的规则, 让用户名包含字符,数字,下划线和连字符,以及限制字符的个数,好让名字看起来没那么丑.
|
||||
我们使用以下正则表达式来验证一个用户名:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
以上的正则表达式可以接受 `john_doe`, `jo-hn_doe`, `john12_as`.
|
||||
但不匹配`Jo`, 因为它包含了大写的字母而且太短了.
|
||||
|
||||
## 1. 基本匹配
|
||||
|
||||
正则表达式其实就是在执行搜索时的格式, 它由一些字母和数字组合而成.
|
||||
例如: 一个正则表达式 `the`, 它表示一个规则: 由字母`t`开始,接着是`h`,再接着是`e`.
|
||||
|
||||
"the" => The fat cat sat on **the** mat.
|
||||
|
||||
[在线练习](https://regex101.com/r/dmRygT/1)
|
||||
|
||||
正则表达式`123`匹配字符串`123`. 它逐个字符的与输入的正则表达式做比较.
|
||||
|
||||
正则表达式是大小写敏感的, 所以`The`不会匹配`the`.
|
||||
|
||||
"The" => **The** fat cat sat on the mat.
|
||||
|
||||
[在线练习](https://regex101.com/r/1paXsy/1)
|
||||
|
||||
## 2. 元字符
|
||||
|
||||
正则表达式主要依赖于元字符.
|
||||
元字符不代表他们本身的字面意思, 他们都有特殊的含义. 一些元字符写在方括号中的时候有一些特殊的意思. 以下是一些元字符的介绍:
|
||||
|
||||
|元字符|描述|
|
||||
|:----:|----|
|
||||
|.|句号匹配任意单个字符除了换行符.|
|
||||
|[ ]|字符种类. 匹配方括号内的任意字符.|
|
||||
|[^ ]|否定的字符种类. 匹配除了方括号里的任意字符|
|
||||
|*|匹配>=0个重复的在*号之前的字符.|
|
||||
|+|匹配>1个重复的+号前的字符.
|
||||
|?|标记?之前的字符为可选.|
|
||||
|{n,m}|匹配num个中括号之前的字符 (n <= num <= m).|
|
||||
|(xyz)|字符集, 匹配与 xyz 完全相等的字符串.|
|
||||
|||或运算符,匹配符号前或后的字符.|
|
||||
|\|转义字符,用于匹配一些保留的字符 `[ ] ( ) { } . * + ? ^ $ \ |`|
|
||||
|^|从开始行开始匹配.|
|
||||
|$|从末端开始匹配.|
|
||||
|
||||
## 2.1 点运算符 `.`
|
||||
|
||||
`.`是元字符中最简单的例子.
|
||||
`.`匹配任意单个字符, 但不匹配换行符.
|
||||
例如, 表达式`.ar`匹配一个任意字符后面跟着是`a`和`r`的字符串.
|
||||
|
||||
".ar" => The **car** **par**ked in the **gar**age.
|
||||
|
||||
[在线练习](https://regex101.com/r/xc9GkU/1)
|
||||
|
||||
## 2.2 字符集
|
||||
|
||||
字符集也叫做字符类.
|
||||
方括号用来指定一个字符集.
|
||||
在方括号中使用连字符来指定字符集的范围.
|
||||
在方括号中的字符集不关心顺序.
|
||||
例如, 表达式`[Tt]he` 匹配 `the` 和 `The`.
|
||||
|
||||
"[Tt]he" => **The** car parked in **the** garage.
|
||||
|
||||
[在线练习](https://regex101.com/r/2ITLQ4/1)
|
||||
|
||||
方括号的句号就表示句号.
|
||||
表达式 `ar[.]` 匹配 `ar.`字符串
|
||||
|
||||
"ar[.]" => A garage is a good place to park a c**ar.**
|
||||
|
||||
[在线练习](https://regex101.com/r/wL3xtE/1)
|
||||
|
||||
### 2.2.1 否定字符集
|
||||
|
||||
一般来说 `^` 表示一个字符串的开头, 但它用在一个方括号的开头的时候, 它表示这个字符集是否定的.
|
||||
例如, 表达式`[^c]ar` 匹配一个后面跟着`ar`的除了`c`的任意字符.
|
||||
|
||||
"[^c]ar" => The car **par**ked in the **gar**age.
|
||||
|
||||
[在线练习](https://regex101.com/r/nNNlq3/1)
|
||||
|
||||
## 2.3 重复次数
|
||||
|
||||
后面跟着元字符 `+`, `*` or `?` 的, 用来指定匹配子模式的次数.
|
||||
这些元字符在不同的情况下有着不同的意思.
|
||||
|
||||
### 2.3.1 `*` 号
|
||||
|
||||
`*`号匹配 在`*`之前的字符出现`大于等于0`次.
|
||||
例如, 表达式 `a*` 匹配以0或更多个a开头的字符, 因为有0个这个条件, 其实也就匹配了所有的字符. 表达式`[a-z]*` 匹配一个行中所有以小写字母开头的字符串.
|
||||
|
||||
"[a-z]*" => T**he** **car** **parked** **in** **the** **garage** #21.
|
||||
|
||||
[在线练习](https://regex101.com/r/7m8me5/1)
|
||||
|
||||
`*`字符和`.`字符搭配可以匹配所有的字符`.*`.
|
||||
`*`和表示匹配空格的符号`\s`连起来用, 如表达式`\s*cat\s*`匹配0或更多个空格开头和0或更多个空格结尾的cat字符串.
|
||||
|
||||
"\s*cat\s*" => The fat**cat**sat on the con**cat**enation.
|
||||
|
||||
[在线练习](https://regex101.com/r/gGrwuz/1)
|
||||
|
||||
### 2.3.2 `+` 号
|
||||
|
||||
`+`号匹配`+`号之前的字符出现 >=1 次个字符.
|
||||
例如表达式`c.+t` 匹配以首字母`c`开头以`t`结尾,中间跟着任意个字符的字符串.
|
||||
|
||||
"c.+t" => The fat **cat sat on the mat**.
|
||||
|
||||
[在线练习](https://regex101.com/r/Dzf9Aa/1)
|
||||
|
||||
### 2.3.3 `?` 号
|
||||
|
||||
在正则表达式中元字符 `?` 标记在符号前面的字符为可选, 即出现 0 或 1 次.
|
||||
例如, 表达式 `[T]?he` 匹配字符串 `he` 和 `The`.
|
||||
|
||||
"[T]he" => **The** car is parked in the garage.
|
||||
|
||||
[在线练习](https://regex101.com/r/cIg9zm/1)
|
||||
|
||||
"[T]?he" => **The** car is parked in t**he** garage.
|
||||
|
||||
[在线练习](https://regex101.com/r/kPpO2x/1)
|
||||
|
||||
## 2.4 `{}` 号
|
||||
|
||||
在正则表达式中 `{}` 是一个量词, 常用来一个或一组字符可以重复出现的次数.
|
||||
例如, 表达式 `[0-9]{2,3}` 匹配 2~3 位 0~9 的数字.
|
||||
|
||||
"[0-9]{2,3}" => The number was 9.**999**7 but we rounded it off to **10**.0.
|
||||
|
||||
[在线练习](https://regex101.com/r/juM86s/1)
|
||||
|
||||
我们可以省略第二个参数.
|
||||
例如, `[0-9]{2,}` 匹配至少两位 0~9 的数字.
|
||||
|
||||
如果逗号也省略掉则表示重复固定的次数.
|
||||
例如, `[0-9]{3}` 匹配3位数字
|
||||
|
||||
"[0-9]{2,}" => The number was 9.**9997** but we rounded it off to **10**.0.
|
||||
|
||||
[在线练习](https://regex101.com/r/Gdy4w5/1)
|
||||
|
||||
"[0-9]{3}" => The number was 9.**999**7 but we rounded it off to 10.0.
|
||||
|
||||
[在线练习](https://regex101.com/r/Sivu30/1)
|
||||
|
||||
## 2.5 `(...)` 特征标群
|
||||
|
||||
特征标群是一组写在 `(...)` 中的子模式. 例如之前说的 `{}` 是用来表示前面一个字符出现指定次数. 但如果在 `{}` 前加入特征标群则表示整个标群内的字符重复 N 次. 例如, 表达式 `(ab)*` 匹配连续出现 0 或更多个 `ab`.
|
||||
|
||||
我们还可以在 `()` 中用或字符 `|` 表示或. 例如, `(c|g|p)ar` 匹配 `car` 或 `gar` 或 `par`.
|
||||
|
||||
"(c|g|p)ar" => The **car** is **par**ked in the **gar**age.
|
||||
|
||||
[在线练习](https://regex101.com/r/tUxrBG/1)
|
||||
|
||||
## 2.6 `|` 或运算符
|
||||
|
||||
或运算符就表示或, 用作判断条件.
|
||||
|
||||
例如 `(T|t)he|car` 匹配 `(T|t)he` 或 `car`.
|
||||
|
||||
"(T|t)he|car" => **The** **car** is parked in **the** garage.
|
||||
|
||||
[在线练习](https://regex101.com/r/fBXyX0/1)
|
||||
|
||||
## 2.7 转码特殊字符
|
||||
|
||||
反斜线 `\` 在表达式中用于转码紧跟其后的字符. 用于指定 `{ } [ ] / \ + * . $ ^ | ?` 这些特殊字符. 如果想要匹配这些特殊字符则要在其前面加上反斜线 `\`.
|
||||
|
||||
例如 `.` 是用来匹配除换行符外的所有字符的. 如果想要匹配句子中的 `.` 则要写成 `\.`.
|
||||
|
||||
"(f|c|m)at\.?" => The **fat** **cat** sat on the **mat.**
|
||||
|
||||
[在线练习](https://regex101.com/r/DOc5Nu/1)
|
||||
|
||||
## 2.8 锚点
|
||||
|
||||
在正则表达式中, 想要匹配指定开头或结尾的字符串就要使用到锚点. `^` 指定开头, `$` 指定结尾.
|
||||
|
||||
### 2.8.1 `^` 号
|
||||
|
||||
`^` 用来检查匹配的字符串是否在所匹配字符串的开头.
|
||||
|
||||
例如, 在 `abc` 中使用表达式 `^a` 会得到结果 `a`. 但如果使用 `^b` 将匹配不到任何结果. 因为在字符串 `abc` 中并不是以 `b` 开头.
|
||||
|
||||
例如, `^(T|t)he` 匹配以 `The` 或 `the` 开头的字符串.
|
||||
|
||||
"(T|t)he" => **The** car is parked in **the** garage.
|
||||
|
||||
[在线练习](https://regex101.com/r/5ljjgB/1)
|
||||
|
||||
"^(T|t)he" => **The** car is parked in the garage.
|
||||
|
||||
[在线练习](https://regex101.com/r/jXrKne/1)
|
||||
|
||||
### 2.8.2 `$` 号
|
||||
|
||||
同理于 `^` 号, `$` 号用来匹配字符是否是最后一个.
|
||||
|
||||
例如, `(at\.)$` 匹配以 `at.` 结尾的字符串.
|
||||
|
||||
"(at\.)" => The fat c**at.** s**at.** on the m**at.**
|
||||
|
||||
[在线练习](https://regex101.com/r/y4Au4D/1)
|
||||
|
||||
"(at\.)$" => The fat cat. sat. on the m**at.**
|
||||
|
||||
[在线练习](https://regex101.com/r/t0AkOd/1)
|
||||
|
||||
## 3. 简写字符集
|
||||
|
||||
正则表达式提供一些常用的字符集简写. 如下:
|
||||
|
||||
|简写|描述|
|
||||
|:----:|----|
|
||||
|.|除换行符外的所有字符|
|
||||
|\w|匹配所有字母数字, 等同于 `[a-zA-Z0-9_]`|
|
||||
|\W|匹配所有非字母数字, 即符号, 等同于: `[^\w]`|
|
||||
|\d|匹配数字: `[0-9]`|
|
||||
|\D|匹配非数字: `[^\d]`|
|
||||
|\s|匹配所有空格字符, 等同于: `[\t\n\f\r\p{Z}]`|
|
||||
|\S|匹配所有非空格字符: `[^\s]`|
|
||||
|
||||
## 4. 前后关联约束(前后预查)
|
||||
|
||||
前置约束和后置约束都属于**非捕获簇**(用于匹配不在匹配列表中的格式).
|
||||
前置约束用于判断所匹配的格式是否在另一个确定的格式之后.
|
||||
|
||||
例如, 我们想要获得所有跟在 `$` 符号后的数字, 我们可以使用正向向后约束 `(?<=\$)[0-9\.]*`.
|
||||
这个表达式匹配 `$` 开头, 之后跟着 `0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,.` 这些字符可以出现大于等于 0 次.
|
||||
|
||||
前后关联约束如下:
|
||||
|
||||
|符号|描述|
|
||||
|:----:|----|
|
||||
|?=|前置约束-存在|
|
||||
|?!|前置约束-排除|
|
||||
|?<=|后置约束-存在|
|
||||
|?<!|后置约束-排除|
|
||||
|
||||
### 4.1 `?=...` 前置约束(存在)
|
||||
|
||||
`?=...` 前置约束(存在), 表示第一部分表达式必须跟在 `?=...`定义的表达式之后.
|
||||
|
||||
返回结果只瞒住第一部分表达式.
|
||||
定义一个前置约束(存在)要使用 `()`. 在括号内部使用一个问号和等号: `(?=...)`.
|
||||
|
||||
前置约束的内容写在括号中的等号后面.
|
||||
例如, 表达式 `[T|t]he(?=\sfat)` 匹配 `The` 和 `the`, 在括号中我们又定义了前置约束(存在) `(?=\sfat)` ,即 `The` 和 `the` 后面紧跟着 `(空格)fat`.
|
||||
|
||||
"[T|t]he(?=\sfat)" => **The** fat cat sat on the mat.
|
||||
|
||||
[在线练习](https://regex101.com/r/IDDARt/1)
|
||||
|
||||
### 4.2 `?!...` 前置约束-排除
|
||||
|
||||
前置约束-排除 `?!` 用于筛选所有匹配结果, 筛选条件为 其后不跟随着定义的格式
|
||||
`前置约束-排除` 定义和 `前置约束(存在)` 一样, 区别就是 `=` 替换成 `!` 也就是 `(?!...)`.
|
||||
|
||||
表达式 `[T|t]he(?!\sfat)` 匹配 `The` 和 `the`, 且其后不跟着 `(空格)fat`.
|
||||
|
||||
"[T|t]he(?!\sfat)" => The fat cat sat on **the** mat.
|
||||
|
||||
[在线练习](https://regex101.com/r/V32Npg/1)
|
||||
|
||||
### 4.3 `?<= ...` 后置约束-存在
|
||||
|
||||
后置约束-存在 记作`(?<=...)` 用于筛选所有匹配结果, 筛选条件为 其前跟随着定义的格式.
|
||||
例如, 表达式 `(?<=[T|t]he\s)(fat|mat)` 匹配 `fat` 和 `mat`, 且其前跟着 `The` 或 `the`.
|
||||
|
||||
"(?<=[T|t]he\s)(fat|mat)" => The **fat** cat sat on the **mat**.
|
||||
|
||||
[在线练习](https://regex101.com/r/avH165/1)
|
||||
|
||||
### 4.4 `?<!...` 后置约束-排除
|
||||
|
||||
后置约束-排除 记作 `(?<!...)` 用于筛选所有匹配结果, 筛选条件为 其前不跟着定义的格式.
|
||||
例如, 表达式 `(?<!(T|t)he\s)(cat)` 匹配 `cat`, 且其前不跟着 `The` 或 `the`.
|
||||
|
||||
"(?<![T|t]he\s)(cat)" => The cat sat on **cat**.
|
||||
|
||||
[在线练习](https://regex101.com/r/8Efx5G/1)
|
||||
|
||||
## 5. 标志
|
||||
|
||||
标志也叫修饰语, 因为它可以用来修改表达式的搜索结果.
|
||||
这些标志可以任意的组合使用, 它也是整个正则表达式的一部分.
|
||||
|
||||
|标志|描述|
|
||||
|:----:|----|
|
||||
|i|忽略大小写.|
|
||||
|g|全局搜索.|
|
||||
|m|多行的: 锚点元字符 `^` `$` 工作范围在每行的起始.|
|
||||
|
||||
### 5.1 忽略大小写 (Case Insensitive)
|
||||
|
||||
修饰语 `i` 用于忽略大小写.
|
||||
例如, 表达式 `/The/gi` 表示在全局搜索 `The`, 在后面的 `i` 将其条件修改为忽略大小写, 则变成搜索 `the` 和 `The`, `g` 表示全局搜索.
|
||||
|
||||
"The" => **The** fat cat sat on the mat.
|
||||
|
||||
[在线练习](https://regex101.com/r/dpQyf9/1)
|
||||
|
||||
"/The/gi" => **The** fat cat sat on **the** mat.
|
||||
|
||||
[在线练习](https://regex101.com/r/ahfiuh/1)
|
||||
|
||||
### 5.2 全局搜索 (Global search)
|
||||
|
||||
修饰符 `g` 常用于执行一个全局搜索匹配, 即(不仅仅返回第一个匹配的, 而是返回全部).
|
||||
例如, 表达式 `/.(at)/g` 表示搜索 任意字符(除了换行) + `at`, 并返回全部结果.
|
||||
|
||||
"/.(at)/" => The **fat** cat sat on the mat.
|
||||
|
||||
[在线练习](https://regex101.com/r/jnk6gM/1)
|
||||
|
||||
"/.(at)/g" => The **fat** **cat** **sat** on the **mat**.
|
||||
|
||||
[在线练习](https://regex101.com/r/dO1nef/1)
|
||||
|
||||
### 5.3 多行修饰符 (Multiline)
|
||||
|
||||
多行修饰符 `m` 常用于执行一个多行匹配.
|
||||
|
||||
像之前介绍的 `(^,$)` 用于检查格式是否是在待检测字符串的开头或结尾. 但我们如果想要它在每行的开头和结尾生效, 我们需要用到多行修饰符 `m`.
|
||||
|
||||
例如, 表达式 `/at(.)?$/gm` 表示在待检测字符串每行的末尾搜索 `at`后跟一个或多个 `.` 的字符串, 并返回全部结果.
|
||||
|
||||
"/.at(.)?$/" => The fat
|
||||
cat sat
|
||||
on the **mat.**
|
||||
|
||||
[在线练习](https://regex101.com/r/hoGMkP/1)
|
||||
|
||||
"/.at(.)?$/gm" => The **fat**
|
||||
cat **sat**
|
||||
on the **mat.**
|
||||
|
||||
[在线练习](https://regex101.com/r/E88WE2/1)
|
||||
|
||||
## 注释
|
||||
|
||||
```python
|
||||
import re
|
||||
|
||||
msg = '我密码是:123kingname456,请注意保密。'
|
||||
|
||||
pattern1 = r':(.*?),'
|
||||
|
||||
pattern2 = r'''
|
||||
: # 开始标志
|
||||
(.*?) # 从开始标志的下一个字符开始的任意字符
|
||||
, # 遇到英文逗号就停止
|
||||
'''
|
||||
|
||||
print(re.findall(pattern2, msg,flags=re.X)) # 启用忽略空白和注释
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## 贡献
|
||||
|
||||
感谢 [Learn-regex]( https://github.com/ziishaned/learn-regex) 项目
|
||||
|
||||
## 许可证
|
||||
|
||||
MIT © [Zeeshan Ahmad](https://twitter.com/ziishaned)
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user