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<html lang="zh"><head><title>Webpack</title><meta charset="utf-8"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=IBM Plex Mono&family=Noto Serif Simplified Chinese:wght@400;700&family=Source Sans Pro:ital,wght@0,400;0,600;1,400;1,600&display=swap"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/><meta property="og:title" content="Webpack"/><meta property="og:description" content="JavaScript 模块打包器."/><meta property="og:image" content="https://wiki.7wate.com/static/og-image.png"/><meta property="og:width" content="1200"/><meta property="og:height" content="675"/><link rel="icon" href="../../../static/icon.png"/><meta name="description" content="JavaScript 模块打包器."/><meta name="generator" content="Quartz"/><link href="../../../index.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" spa-preserve/><link href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/KaTeX/0.16.9/katex.min.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" spa-preserve/><script src="../../../prescript.js" type="application/javascript" spa-preserve></script><script type="application/javascript" spa-preserve>const fetchData = fetch("../../../static/contentIndex.json").then(data => data.json())</script></head><body data-slug="Technology/WebDevelopment/7.Tools/Webpack"><div id="quartz-root" class="page"><div id="quartz-body"><div class="left sidebar"><h2 class="page-title"><a href="../../..">🪴 X·Eden</a></h2><div class="spacer mobile-only"></div><div class="search"><button class="search-button" id="search-button"><p>搜索</p><svg role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 19.9 19.7"><title>Search</title><g class="search-path" fill="none"><path stroke-linecap="square" d="M18.5 18.3l-5.4-5.4"></path><circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7"></circle></g></svg></button><div id="search-container"><div id="search-space"><input autocomplete="off" id="search-bar" name="search" type="text" aria-label="搜索些什么" placeholder="搜索些什么"/><div id="search-layout" data-preview="true"></div></div></div></div><button class="darkmode" id="darkmode"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" id="dayIcon" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 35 35" style="enable-background:new 0 0 35 35" xml:space="preserve" aria-label="暗色模式"><title>暗色模式</title><path d="M6,17.5C6,16.672,5.328,16,4.5,16h-3C0.672,16,0,16.672,0,17.5 S0.672,19,1.5,19h3C5.328,19,6,18.328,6,17.5z M7.5,26c-0.414,0-0.789,0.168-1.061,0.439l-2,2C4.168,28.711,4,29.086,4,29.5 C4,30.328,4.671,31,5.5,31c0.414,0,0.789-0.168,1.06-0.44l2-2C8.832,28.289,9,27.914,9,27.5C9,26.672,8.329,26,7.5,26z M17.5,6 C18.329,6,19,5.328,19,4.5v-3C19,0.672,18.329,0,17.5,0S16,0.672,16,1.5v3C16,5.328,16.671,6,17.5,6z M27.5,9 c0.414,0,0.789-0.168,1.06-0.439l2-2C30.832,6.289,31,5.914,31,5.5C31,4.672,30.329,4,29.5,4c-0.414,0-0.789,0.168-1.061,0.44 l-2,2C26.168,6.711,26,7.086,26,7.5C26,8.328,26.671,9,27.5,9z M6.439,8.561C6.711,8.832,7.086,9,7.5,9C8.328,9,9,8.328,9,7.5 c0-0.414-0.168-0.789-0.439-1.061l-2-2C6.289,4.168,5.914,4,5.5,4C4.672,4,4,4.672,4,5.5c0,0.414,0.168,0.789,0.439,1.06 L6.439,8.561z M33.5,16h-3c-0.828,0-1.5,0.672-1.5,1.5s0.672,1.5,1.5,1.5h3c0.828,0,1.5-0.672,1.5-1.5S34.328,16,33.5,16z M28.561,26.439C28.289,26.168,27.914,26,27.5,26c-0.828,0-1.5,0.672-1.5,1.5c0,0.414,0.168,0.789,0.439,1.06l2,2 C28.711,30.832,29.086,31,29.5,31c0.828,0,1.5-0.672,1.5-1.5c0-0.414-0.168-0.789-0.439-1.061L28.561,26.439z M17.5,29 c-0.829,0-1.5,0.672-1.5,1.5v3c0,0.828,0.671,1.5,1.5,1.5s1.5-0.672,1.5-1.5v-3C19,29.672,18.329,29,17.5,29z M17.5,7 C11.71,7,7,11.71,7,17.5S11.71,28,17.5,28S28,23.29,28,17.5S23.29,7,17.5,7z M17.5,25c-4.136,0-7.5-3.364-7.5-7.5 c0-4.136,3.364-7.5,7.5-7.5c4.136,0,7.5,3.364,7.5,7.5C25,21.636,21.636,25,17.5,25z"></path></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" id="nightIcon" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 10
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<h2 id="历史">历史<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#历史" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
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<p>Webpack 是一个强大的静态模块打包器，它在 2012 年末由 Tobias Koppers 发布。在 Webpack 出现之前，开发者使用 Browserify、RequireJS 等工具来解决 JavaScript 代码模块化的问题。</p>
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<p>Webpack 1.0 在 2014 年发布，提供了诸如“loaders”和“plugins”的新特性。2016 年，Webpack 2.0 发布，其主要更新包括对 ES6 模块的支持、Tree shaking 和动态导入。</p>
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<p>2018 年，Webpack 4.0 发布，带来了更快的编译速度和更小的 bundle 大小，同时提供了“零配置”选项。2020 年，Webpack 5.0 发布，引入了许多新特性，包括对持久缓存的改进，模块联邦，以及对 Webassembly 的更好支持。</p>
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<h2 id="背景">背景<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#背景" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
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<p>在 Webpack 出现之前，开发者通常需要手动管理项目中的所有文件和依赖。随着项目的复杂性增加，这种方式变得越来越困难。Webpack 通过自动处理和打包项目中的各种资源和依赖，极大地简化了开发的复杂性。此外，Webpack 还提供了许多优化机制，如代码分割和懒加载，以改进应用的性能。</p>
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<h2 id="特性">特性<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#特性" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>代码分割（Code Splitting）</strong>：Webpack 可以将代码分割成多个 bundle，从而实现按需加载和并行加载。</li>
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<li><strong>懒加载（Lazy Loading）</strong>：Webpack 支持懒加载，即按需加载某个模块，可以有效地减少应用的初始加载时间。</li>
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<li><strong>模块热替换（Hot Module Replacement，HMR）</strong>：Webpack 支持 HMR，可以在运行时替换、添加或删除模块，而无需进行完全刷新。</li>
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<li><strong>Loaders</strong>：Webpack 使用 loaders 来处理非 JavaScript 类型的文件，如 CSS、HTML、图片等。</li>
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<li><strong>Plugins</strong>：Webpack 使用 plugins 来添加额外的功能，如优化 bundle、管理输出和环境变量等。</li>
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</ul>
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<h3 id="优点">优点<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#优点" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
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<ul>
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<li>Webpack 提供了高度的灵活性和可配置性，可以满足各种项目的需求。</li>
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<li>Webpack 支持多种类型的模块和资源，包括 ES6 模块、CommonJS 模块、CSS、图片、字体等。</li>
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<li>Webpack 提供了许多优化机制，如代码分割、懒加载、持久缓存等，可以改进应用的性能。</li>
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</ul>
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<h3 id="缺点">缺点<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#缺点" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
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<ul>
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<li>Webpack 的配置相对复杂，需要一些学习和实践。</li>
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<li>Webpack 的构建速度可能在大型项目中变得较慢。</li>
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<li>Webpack 目前只支持 JavaScript 和 JSON，对其他语言的支持需要通过 loaders 和 plugins 实现。</li>
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</ul>
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<h2 id="实用示例">实用示例<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#实用示例" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
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<p><a href="https://webpack.docschina.org/guides/getting-started/" class="external">官网指南<svg aria-hidden="true" class="external-icon" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M320 0H288V64h32 82.7L201.4 265.4 178.7 288 224 333.3l22.6-22.6L448 109.3V192v32h64V192 32 0H480 320zM32 32H0V64 480v32H32 456h32V480 352 320H424v32 96H64V96h96 32V32H160 32z"></path></svg></a></p>
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<h2 id="与其他工具的对比">与其他工具的对比<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#与其他工具的对比" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
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<p>Webpack 的主要竞争者包括 Parcel、Rollup 和 Browserify。</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Parcel 提供了零配置的体验，对于小型项目和入门级项目来说，Parcel 可能是一个更好的选择。但是，对于需要高度自定义的大型项目，Webpack 的灵活性和可配置性可能更胜一筹。</li>
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<li>Rollup 主要专注于 JavaScript 库和框架的打包，它提供了更好的 tree shaking 和 ES6 模块的处理。但是，对于一般的应用项目，Webpack 提供的特性更多，如代码分割和懒加载。</li>
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<li>Browserify 是最早的模块打包器之一，它允许开发者在浏览器中使用 CommonJS 模块。然而，Browserify 的功能相对有限，且没有得到很好的维护和更新。</li>
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</ul>
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<h2 id="未来发展方向">未来发展方向<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#未来发展方向" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
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<p>Webpack 的未来发展方向可能包括以下几点：</p>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>更好的性能</strong>：Webpack 会继续优化其构建速度和生成的代码质量，以提供更好的性能。</li>
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<li><strong>更好的兼容性</strong>：Webpack 会支持更多的模块类型和语言，以提供更好的兼容性。</li>
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<li><strong>更好的可用性</strong>：Webpack 会改进其文档和错误消息，以提供更好的可用性。</li>
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<li><strong>更好的插件生态</strong>：Webpack 会继续扩大其插件生态，以提供更多的功能和选择。</li>
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</ul>
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<p>总的来说，Webpack 是前端开发工具链中的一个重要组成部分。尽管有一些竞争者试图挑战其地位，但是，由于其强大的功能、灵活的配置和丰富的插件，Webpack 仍然是目前最受欢迎和最广泛使用的模块打包器之一。</p></article><hr/><div class="page-footer"></div></div><div class="right sidebar"><div class="graph"><h3>关系图谱</h3><div class="graph-outer"><div id="graph-container" data-cfg="{"drag":true,"zoom":true,"depth":1,"scale":1.1,"repelForce":0.5,"centerForce":0.3,"linkDistance":30,"fontSize":0.6,"opacityScale":1,"showTags":true,"removeTags":[],"focusOnHover":false}"></div><button id="global-graph-icon" aria-label="Global Graph"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 55 55" fill="currentColor" xml:space="preserve"><path d="M49,0c-3.309,0-6,2.691-6,6c0,1.035,0.263,2.009,0.726,2.86l-9.829,9.829C32.542,17.634,30.846,17,29,17
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