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<p><a href="https://pm2.keymetrics.io/" class="external">PM2<svg aria-hidden="true" class="external-icon" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M320 0H288V64h32 82.7L201.4 265.4 178.7 288 224 333.3l22.6-22.6L448 109.3V192v32h64V192 32 0H480 320zM32 32H0V64 480v32H32 456h32V480 352 320H424v32 96H64V96h96 32V32H160 32z"></path></svg></a> 是一个<strong>卓越的 Node.js 进程管理工具</strong>，它可以帮助我们简化 Node.js 应用程序的管理和部署。通过 PM2，我们可以实现自动重启、负载均衡、性能监控以及日志管理等功能，大大提高应用程序的稳定性和可靠性。</p>
<h2 id="安装">安装<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#安装" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<p>安装 PM2 非常简单，只需执行以下命令即可：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">npm</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -g</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> pm2</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<p>这将全局安装 PM2，使其可以在命令行中直接使用。</p>
<h2 id="管理">管理<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#管理" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<h3 id="目录结构">目录结构<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#目录结构" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>安装 PM2 后，它会自动创建一些目录，这些目录对于管理和运行应用程序非常重要。以下是这些目录的简要介绍：</p>
<ul>
<li><code>$HOME/.pm2</code>：包含所有与 PM2 相关的文件。</li>
<li><code>$HOME/.pm2/logs</code>：包含所有应用程序的日志文件。</li>
<li><code>$HOME/.pm2/pids</code>：包含所有应用程序的进程 ID 文件。</li>
<li><code>$HOME/.pm2/pm2.log</code>：PM2 的日志文件。</li>
<li><code>$HOME/.pm2/pm2.pid</code>：PM2 的进程 ID 文件。</li>
<li><code>$HOME/.pm2/rpc.sock</code>：用于远程命令的 Socket 文件。</li>
<li><code>$HOME/.pm2/pub.sock</code>：用于发布事件的 Socket 文件。</li>
<li><code>$HOME/.pm2/conf.js</code>：PM2 的配置文件。</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="常用命令">常用命令<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#常用命令" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>PM2 提供了许多常用的命令，用于管理和操作应用程序。以下是一些常用的命令及其说明：</p>
<ul>
<li><code>pm2 start app.js</code>：启动一个应用程序。</li>
<li><code>pm2 restart app.js</code>：重启一个应用程序。</li>
<li><code>pm2 stop app.js</code>：停止一个应用程序。</li>
<li><code>pm2 delete app.js</code>：删除一个应用程序。</li>
<li><code>pm2 list/l/ls</code>：查看所有运行中的应用程序的状态和详细信息。</li>
<li><code>pm2 describe app.js</code>：查看特定应用程序的详细信息。</li>
<li><code>pm2 logs</code>：显示所有应用程序的日志。</li>
<li><code>pm2 monit</code>：启动一个终端仪表板，显示每个应用程序的 CPU 和内存使用情况。</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="使用">使用<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#使用" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<h3 id="监听文件">监听文件<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#监听文件" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>使用 PM2，您可以轻松地监听应用程序目录中的文件变化，并在文件发生更改时自动重启应用程序。只需在启动应用程序时添加 —watch 参数即可，例如：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">pm2</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> start</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> app.js</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --watch</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<p>这将使 PM2 监视 app.js 文件的变化，并在文件发生更改时自动重启应用程序。</p>
<h3 id="负载均衡">负载均衡<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#负载均衡" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>PM2 还支持负载均衡功能，可以根据需要启动多个应用程序实例。您可以使用以下命令启动多个实例：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">pm2</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> start</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> app.js</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -i</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> &lt;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">instance</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">s</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">></span></span></code></pre></figure>
<p>将 <code>instances</code> 替换为您要启动的实例数。如果将 <code>instances</code> 设置为 0 或 max，则 PM2 将根据系统的 CPU 核心数自动确定实例数。</p>
<h3 id="配置文件">配置文件<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#配置文件" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>PM2 还支持使用配置文件来管理应用程序。您可以创建一个 JSON 或 YAML 格式的配置文件，并在启动应用程序时指定该配置文件。配置文件可以包含应用程序的名称、启动脚本、环境变量等信息。以下是一个示例配置文件的结构：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="json" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="json" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> &quot;name&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;my-app&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> &quot;script&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;app.js&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> &quot;env&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> &quot;NODE_ENV&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;production&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> }</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<p>您可以使用以下命令启动应用程序并指定配置文件：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">pm2</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> start</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> my-config.json</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<p>将 <code>my-config.json</code> 替换为您的配置文件路径。</p>
<p>PM2 是一个功能强大的 Node.js 进程管理工具，它可以帮助您简化应用程序的管理和部署。</p>
<h3 id="日志管理">日志管理<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#日志管理" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>PM2 默认会捕获并记录应用程序的 STDOUT 和 STDERR 输出，并将其存储在 <code>$HOME/.pm2/logs</code> 目录下。你可以使用 <code>pm2 logs</code> 命令来查看这些日志。</p>
<p>此外，PM2 还提供了一些高级功能，如日志切割，你可以使用 <code>pm2 install pm2-logrotate</code> 命令来安装日志切割模块，这对于日志管理非常有用。</p>
<h3 id="性能监控">性能监控<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#性能监控" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>PM2 还提供了一个内置的模块系统，可以安装各种模块来增强 PM2 的功能。其中，一个非常有用的模块是 <code>pm2-monitoring</code>，它可以提供应用程序的性能监控功能。只需执行 <code>pm2 install pm2-monitoring</code> 命令，就可以启用该功能。</p>
<p>此外，PM2 还有一个叫做 Keymetrics 的云端平台，它提供了一整套的应用程序性能管理（APM）功能，包括实时监控、CPU/内存使用情况、HTTP 交易等。</p>
<h2 id="结论">结论<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#结论" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<p>PM2 是一个功能强大的 Node.js 进程管理工具，它可以帮助你简化应用程序的管理和部署，提高应用程序的稳定性和可靠性。不论是在开发环境还是在生产环境，PM2 都是管理 Node.js 应用程序的理想选择。</p></article><hr/><div class="page-footer"></div></div><div class="right sidebar"><div class="graph"><h3>关系图谱</h3><div class="graph-outer"><div id="graph-container" data-cfg="{&quot;drag&quot;:true,&quot;zoom&quot;:true,&quot;depth&quot;:1,&quot;scale&quot;:1.1,&quot;repelForce&quot;:0.5,&quot;centerForce&quot;:0.3,&quot;linkDistance&quot;:30,&quot;fontSize&quot;:0.6,&quot;opacityScale&quot;:1,&quot;showTags&quot;:true,&quot;removeTags&quot;:[],&quot;focusOnHover&quot;:false}"></div><button id="global-graph-icon" aria-label="Global Graph"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 55 55" fill="currentColor" xml:space="preserve"><path d="M49,0c-3.309,0-6,2.691-6,6c0,1.035,0.263,2.009,0.726,2.86l-9.829,9.829C32.542,17.634,30.846,17,29,17
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