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<html lang="zh"><head><title>GitLab Runner</title><meta charset="utf-8"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=IBM Plex Mono&family=Noto Serif Simplified Chinese:wght@400;700&family=Source Sans Pro:ital,wght@0,400;0,600;1,400;1,600&display=swap"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/><meta property="og:title" content="GitLab Runner"/><meta property="og:description" content="GitLab CI/CD 是一套自动化工具链，用于实现软件开发的持续集成和持续交付/部署。GitLab Runner 是执行这些 CI/CD 任务的开源服务，它根据 GitLab 项目中的 .gitlab-ci.yml 配置文件来运行任务。Runner 支持 Shell、Docker、Kubernetes 等多种执行环境，能够并行处理作业，提供日志记录和结果报告，并支持缓存和构建产物（artifacts）来优化构建过程。 ..."/><meta property="og:image" content="https://wiki.7wate.com/static/og-image.png"/><meta property="og:width" content="1200"/><meta property="og:height" content="675"/><link rel="icon" href="../../../../static/icon.png"/><meta name="description" content="GitLab CI/CD 是一套自动化工具链，用于实现软件开发的持续集成和持续交付/部署。GitLab Runner 是执行这些 CI/CD 任务的开源服务，它根据 GitLab 项目中的 .gitlab-ci.yml 配置文件来运行任务。Runner 支持 Shell、Docker、Kubernetes 等多种执行环境，能够并行处理作业，提供日志记录和结果报告，并支持缓存和构建产物（artifacts）来优化构建过程。 ..."/><meta name="generator" content="Quartz"/><link href="../../../../index.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" spa-preserve/><link href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/KaTeX/0.16.9/katex.min.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" spa-preserve/><script src="../../../../prescript.js" type="application/javascript" spa-preserve></script><script type="application/javascript" spa-preserve>const fetchData = fetch("../../../../static/contentIndex.json").then(data => data.json())</script></head><body data-slug="Technology/SoftwareEngineering/自动化流程/工具使用/GitLab-Runner"><div id="quartz-root" class="page"><div id="quartz-body"><div class="left sidebar"><h2 class="page-title"><a href="../../../..">🪴 X·Eden</a></h2><div class="spacer mobile-only"></div><div class="search"><button class="search-button" id="search-button"><p>搜索</p><svg role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 19.9 19.7"><title>Search</title><g class="search-path" fill="none"><path stroke-linecap="square" d="M18.5 18.3l-5.4-5.4"></path><circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7"></circle></g></svg></button><div id="search-container"><div id="search-space"><input autocomplete="off" id="search-bar" name="search" type="text" aria-label="搜索些什么" placeholder="搜索些什么"/><div id="search-layout" data-preview="true"></div></div></div></div><button class="darkmode" id="darkmode"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" id="dayIcon" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 35 35" style="enable-background:new 0 0 35 35" xml:space="preserve" aria-label="暗色模式"><title>暗色模式</title><path d="M6,17.5C6,16.672,5.328,16,4.5,16h-3C0.672,16,0,16.672,0,17.5 S0.672,19,1.5,19h3C5.328,19,6,18.328,6,17.5z M7.5,26c-0.414,0-0.789,0.168-1.061,0.439l-2,2C4.168,28.711,4,29.086,4,29.5 C4,30.328,4.671,31,5.5,31c0.414,0,0.789-0.168,1.06-0.44l2-2C8.832,28.289,9,27.914,9,27.5C9,26.672,8.329,26,7.5,26z M17.5,6 C18.329,6,19,5.328,19,4.5v-3C19,0.672,18.329,0,17.5,0S16,0.672,16,1.5v3C16,5.328,16.671,6,17.5,6z M27.5,9 c0.414,0,0.789-0.168,1.06-0.439l2-2C30.832,6.289,31,5.914,31,5.5C31,4.672,30.329,4,29.5,4c-0.414,0-0.789,0.168-1.061,0.44 l-2,2C26.168,6.711,26,7.086,26,7.5C26,8.328,26.671,9,27.5,9z M6.439,8.561C6.711,8.832,7.086,9,7.5,9C8.328,9,9,8.328,9,7.5 c0-0.414-0.168-0.789-0.439-1.061l-2-2C6.289,4.16
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<h3 id="基本概念和工作原理">基本概念和工作原理<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#基本概念和工作原理" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
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<p>GitLab CI/CD (Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery/Deployment) 是一种自动化工具链，用于软件开发过程中从代码提交到生产部署的全过程。它包括连续集成（CI）和连续交付/部署（CD）的实践。</p>
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<p><img src="https://static.7wate.com/2024/08/09/5c741873f5bad.png" alt="GitLab CI/CD"/></p>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>Continuous Integration (CI)</strong>: CI 主要关注代码的频繁集成和测试。每当开发人员提交代码到版本控制系统时，CI 系统会自动触发构建和测试流程，确保代码的正确性和质量。通过频繁集成和测试，能够快速发现和修复问题，减少集成风险。</li>
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<li><strong>Continuous Delivery (CD)</strong>: CD 的目标是确保软件在任何时候都可以安全地部署到生产环境。它通过自动化的方式，将经过测试的代码推送到预生产或生产环境中。CD 包括自动化的部署、测试和发布过程。</li>
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<li><strong>Continuous Deployment</strong>: 是 Continuous Delivery 的延伸，它将经过验证的代码自动部署到生产环境中，无需人工干预。这种实践要求更高的自动化和监控能力。</li>
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</ul>
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<p><img src="https://static.7wate.com/2024/08/09/48ccee97c1a9b.jpeg" alt="ci-gitlab.jpeg"/></p>
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<p><strong>GitLab CI/CD 通过 .gitlab-ci.yml 文件定义 CI/CD 流程，该文件包含了所有的构建、测试和部署步骤。</strong> GitLab Runner 是 GitLab CI/CD 的执行者，它运行在不同的环境中，执行 .gitlab-ci.yml 文件中定义的任务。</p>
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<h3 id="gitlab-runner">GitLab Runner<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#gitlab-runner" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
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<p>GitLab Runner 是一个开源项目，用于运行由 GitLab CI/CD 定义的任务。它从 GitLab 服务器获取 .gitlab-ci.yml 文件中读取配置和作业，并在不同的执行环境中执行这些作业。GitLab Runner 支持多种执行模式，并能与 GitLab 实例无缝集成。</p>
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<ul>
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<li>执行构建、测和部署任务</li>
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<li>支持并行作业和多平台执行</li>
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<li>提供日志记录和结果报告</li>
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<li>支持缓存和 artifacts，优化构建过程</li>
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</ul>
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<h4 id="gitlab-runner-的不同执行模式如-shelldockerkubernetes">GitLab Runner 的不同执行模式（如 Shell、Docker、Kubernetes）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#gitlab-runner-的不同执行模式如-shelldockerkubernetes" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
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<p>GitLab Runner 支持多种执行模式，每种模式适用于不同的使用场景：</p>
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<div class="table-container"><table><thead><tr><th><strong>执行模式</strong></th><th><strong>描述</strong></th><th><strong>优点</strong></th><th><strong>缺点</strong></th><th><strong>适用场景</strong></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Shell</strong></td><td>使用主机的 Shell 环境执行作业。</td><td>配置简单，直接使用主机环境，开销低。</td><td>缺乏环境隔离，可能影响主机系统，安全性较低。</td><td>适用于简单的构建和测试任务，不需要复杂依赖或隔离环境的场景。</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Docker</strong></td><td>在 Docker 容器中执行作业，提供隔离的执行环境。</td><td>提供环境隔离，易于管理依赖和一致性，支持多种语言和工具。</td><td>需要配置 Docker，容器启动有额外开销，可能增加复杂性。</td><td>需要特定依赖和环境配置的任务，如使用特定版本的编译器、库或工具的构建和测试任务。</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Docker Machine</strong></td><td>动态创建和销毁 Docker 主机，支持弹性扩展。</td><td>自动化资源管理，弹性扩展能力强，适合大规模分布式系统。</td><td>配置和管理复杂，资源使用成本较高，创建和销毁主机耗时较长。</td><td>需要弹性扩展、动态分配资源的场景，适合高并发或资源密集型的 CI/CD 管道。</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Kubernetes</strong></td><td>在 Kubernetes 集群中运行作业，提供容器编排和管理能力。</td><td>强大的容器编排和管理功能，适合复杂的部署和扩展需求。</td><td>需要熟悉 Kubernetes 的配置和管理，初始设置和维护较为复杂。</td><td>适用于大规模分布式系统和云原生应用的 CI/CD 管道，特别是在微服务架构下的持续集成和部署。</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Custom</strong></td><td>允许用户定义自定义执行器，满足特定需求。</td><td>灵活性极高，能够满足特定的、非标准的需求。</td><td>需要自行开发和维护自定义执行器，配置复杂，调试困难。</td><td>需要特殊硬件或自定义环境的场景，如 FPGA 编程、特殊设备测试，或使用非标准的执行环境。</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
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<h4 id="gitlab-runner-的安装步骤和配置方法">GitLab Runner 的安装步骤和配置方法<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#gitlab-runner-的安装步骤和配置方法" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
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<p>安装 GitLab Runner 的过程因操作系统和执行模式不同而有所差异，<strong><a href="https://docs.gitlab.com/runner/install/" class="external">建议参考官方文档手册<svg aria-hidden="true" class="external-icon" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M320 0H288V64h32 82.7L201.4 265.4 178.7 288 224 333.3l22.6-22.6L448 109.3V192v32h64V192 32 0H480 320zM32 32H0V64 480v32H32 456h32V480 352 320H424v32 96H64V96h96 32V32H160 32z"></path></svg></a>。</strong></p>
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<h3 id="gitlab-ciyml">.gitlab-ci.yml<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#gitlab-ciyml" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
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<p><code>.gitlab-ci.yml</code> 是 GitLab 用于定义 CI/CD（持续集成和持续部署）管道的配置文件，采用 YAML 语法编写。它位于 GitLab 项目的根目录中，描述了项目的自动化构建、测试和部署流程。每次代码提交或合并时，GitLab 会根据 <code>.gitlab-ci.yml</code> 文件中的配置自动触发相应的管道任务。基本结构包括以下部分：</p>
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<pre><code class="mermaid">graph LR
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A[.gitlab-ci.yml]
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A --> B[stages]
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A --> C[jobs]
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A --> D[scripts]
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A --> E[artifacts]
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A --> F[cache]
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A --> G[variables]
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A --> H[dependencies]
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A --> I[only/except]
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A --> J[include]
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B --> B1[build]
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B --> B2[test]
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B --> B3[deploy]
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C --> C1[build-job]
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C --> C2[test-job]
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C --> C3[deploy-job]
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D --> D1[build commands]
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D --> D2[test commands]
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D --> D3[deploy commands]
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E --> E1[build/]
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F --> F1[.m2/repository]
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G --> G1[DEPLOY_ENV: production]
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G --> G2[NODE_ENV: test]
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H --> H1[build-job]
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H --> H2[test-job]
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I --> I1[only: master]
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I --> I2[except: tags]
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J --> J1[template: Jobs/Build.gitlab-ci.yml]
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J --> J2[local: 'my-custom-config.yml']
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</code></pre>
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<div class="table-container"><table><thead><tr><th><strong>元素</strong></th><th><strong>描述</strong></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>stages</strong></td><td>定义 CI/CD 管道的不同阶段，按顺序执行，例如构建（build）、测试（test）和部署（deploy）。</td></tr><tr><td><strong>jobs</strong></td><td>定义在不同阶段中执行的具体任务，每个任务必须属于某个阶段。</td></tr><tr><td><strong>scripts</strong></td><td>指定每个任务执行的命令和脚本，通常包括构建、测试和部署的具体操作。</td></tr><tr><td><strong>artifacts</strong></td><td>定义构建产物的存储和使用，通常用于保存构建结果以供后续作业使用或为后续步骤提供数据。</td></tr><tr><td><strong>cache</strong></td><td>配置缓存以优化构建速度，减少重复下载或构建的时间，尤其是在使用外部依赖时。</td></tr><tr><td><strong>variables</strong></td><td>定义环境变量，配置不同任务的执行环境，变量可以在脚本中引用，以提供灵活的配置。</td></tr><tr><td><strong>dependencies</strong></td><td>指定当前作业依赖的前一阶段作业，以确保当前作业可以访问前一作业的产物或输出。</td></tr><tr><td><strong>only/except</strong></td><td>定义作业的执行条件，<code>only</code> 指定作业只在某些情况下执行，<code>except</code> 指定作业在某些情况下不执行。</td></tr><tr><td><strong>include</strong></td><td>从外部文件或模板中引入配置，便于配置的复用和管理，常用于共享公共配置或集成现有配置文件。</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
|
|||
|
|
<h4 id="阶段stages">阶段（stages）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#阶段stages" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>Stages</strong> 是 GitLab CI/CD 管道的核心组成部分，用于定义管道的执行顺序。每个 <code>stage</code> 代表一个阶段，按顺序执行。例如，常见的阶段包括 <code>build</code>（构建）、<code>test</code>（测试）和 <code>deploy</code>（部署）。所有在同一个 <code>stage</code> 中的作业会并行执行，整个 <code>stage</code> 成功后，管道会进入下一个阶段。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<pre><code class="mermaid">graph TD
|
|||
|
|
A[stages]
|
|||
|
|
A --> B[build]
|
|||
|
|
A --> C[test]
|
|||
|
|
A --> D[deploy]
|
|||
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|||
|
|
<h4 id="作业jobs">作业（jobs）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#作业jobs" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>Jobs</strong> 是在 CI/CD 管道中实际执行的任务，每个 <code>job</code> 都属于一个特定的 <code>stage</code>。一个 <code>job</code> 通常包括编译代码、运行测试或部署应用的操作。每个 <code>job</code> 都会指定一个 <code>stage</code>，并包含执行这些操作的具体命令和脚本。GitLab 会按照 <code>stage</code> 的顺序执行相应的 <code>job</code>。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<pre><code class="mermaid">graph TB
|
|||
|
|
A[jobs]
|
|||
|
|
A --> B[build-job]
|
|||
|
|
A --> C[test-job]
|
|||
|
|
A --> D[deploy-job]
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
B --> B1[stage: build]
|
|||
|
|
C --> C1[stage: test]
|
|||
|
|
D --> D1[stage: deploy]
|
|||
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|||
|
|
<h4 id="脚本scripts">脚本（scripts）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#脚本scripts" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>Scripts</strong> 是 <code>job</code> 中的核心部分，定义了在 CI/CD 管道中执行的具体命令或操作。这些脚本可以是简单的命令，如打印消息、编译代码、运行测试，或是调用外部工具。<code>script</code> 是实现构建、测试、部署等操作的关键，通过这些命令来自动化 CI/CD 流程。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<pre><code class="mermaid">graph TB
|
|||
|
|
A[scripts]
|
|||
|
|
A --> B[make]
|
|||
|
|
A --> C[make test]
|
|||
|
|
A --> D[make deploy]
|
|||
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|||
|
|
<h4 id="变量variables">变量（Variables）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#变量variables" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
|
|||
|
|
<p>变量用于在 <code>.gitlab-ci.yml</code> 文件中定义环境变量，帮助配置不同任务的执行环境。变量可以在脚本中引用，以实现动态配置。例如，环境变量 <code>DEPLOY_ENV</code> 可以用于指定部署的目标环境。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<pre><code class="mermaid">graph TB
|
|||
|
|
A[variables]
|
|||
|
|
A --> B[DEPLOY_ENV: production]
|
|||
|
|
A --> C[NODE_ENV: test]
|
|||
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|||
|
|
<h4 id="缓存cache">缓存（Cache）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#缓存cache" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
|
|||
|
|
<p>缓存用于保存构建过程中生成的中间文件或依赖项，减少重复下载或构建的时间，从而加快 CI/CD 管道的执行速度。例如，可以缓存 Maven 的依赖库。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<pre><code class="mermaid">graph TB
|
|||
|
|
A[cache]
|
|||
|
|
A --> B[.m2/repository]
|
|||
|
|
A --> C[node_modules/]
|
|||
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|||
|
|
<h4 id="构建产物artifacts">构建产物（Artifacts）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#构建产物artifacts" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
|
|||
|
|
<p>Artifacts 是作业运行后生成的文件或构建产物，可以在后续作业中使用或下载。Artifacts 通常用于保存构建结果、测试报告等内容。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<pre><code class="mermaid">graph TB
|
|||
|
|
A[artifacts]
|
|||
|
|
A --> B[build/]
|
|||
|
|
A --> C[dist/]
|
|||
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|||
|
|
<h4 id="依赖dependencies">依赖（Dependencies）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#依赖dependencies" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
|
|||
|
|
<p>通过 <code>dependencies</code> 关键字，可以指定当前作业依赖于前一个阶段的某些作业。这样可以确保作业在正确的依赖产物生成后才会运行。例如，测试作业可以依赖于构建作业生成的构建产物。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<pre><code class="mermaid">graph TB
|
|||
|
|
A[dependencies]
|
|||
|
|
A --> B[build-job]
|
|||
|
|
A --> C[test-job]
|
|||
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|||
|
|
<h4 id="执行条件conditions">执行条件（Conditions）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#执行条件conditions" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
|
|||
|
|
<p>通过 <code>only</code>、<code>except</code> 和 <code>when</code> 等关键字，可以指定作业的执行条件。<code>only</code> 和 <code>except</code> 用于限定作业在哪些分支或条件下执行，而 <code>when</code> 用于指定作业何时执行（例如：手动触发）。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<pre><code class="mermaid">graph TB
|
|||
|
|
A[执行条件]
|
|||
|
|
A --> B[only]
|
|||
|
|
B --> B1[master]
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
A --> C[except]
|
|||
|
|
C --> C1[tags]
|
|||
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|||
|
|
<h4 id="包含includes">包含（Includes）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#包含includes" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
|
|||
|
|
<p>GitLab 提供了一些预定义的 CI/CD 模板，可以通过 <code>include</code> 关键字直接在 <code>.gitlab-ci.yml</code> 文件中引用。这些模板包含常见的构建、测试和部署任务，从而复用和共享配置。这对于大型项目或需要在多个项目间共享 CI/CD 配置时非常有用。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<pre><code class="mermaid">graph TB
|
|||
|
|
A[include]
|
|||
|
|
A --> B[template: Jobs/Build.gitlab-ci.yml]
|
|||
|
|
A --> C[local: 'my-custom-config.yml']
|
|||
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|||
|
|
<h4 id="示例配置">示例配置<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#示例配置" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
|
|||
|
|
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 定义不同的 CI/CD 阶段，按顺序执行</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">stages</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">build</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">test</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">deploy</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 定义全局变量，可在所有作业中引用</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">variables</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> DEPLOY_ENV</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">production</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> NODE_ENV</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">test</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 使用缓存加速构建过程，避免重复下载依赖</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">cache</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> paths</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">.m2/repository</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">node_modules/</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 构建作业，属于 build 阶段</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">build-job</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> stage</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">build</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> script</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 运行构建命令</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">echo "Building the project..."</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">make build</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> artifacts</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 保存构建产物以供后续作业使用</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> paths</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">build/</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> tags</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 使用带有 docker 标签的 Runner 运行作业</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">docker</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 测试作业，属于 test 阶段</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">test-job</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> stage</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">test</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> script</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 运行测试命令</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">echo "Running tests..."</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">make test</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> dependencies</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 指定依赖的作业，确保使用 build-job 的构建产物</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">build-job</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> only</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 仅在 master 分支上执行测试作业</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">master</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> artifacts</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 保存测试结果</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> paths</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">test-reports/</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 部署作业，属于 deploy 阶段</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">deploy-job</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> stage</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">deploy</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> script</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 部署到生产环境</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">echo "Deploying to $DEPLOY_ENV environment..."</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">make deploy</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> only</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 仅在 master 分支或带有生产标签的提交上执行部署</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">master</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> except</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 排除带有 ci-skip 标签的提交</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">tags</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> environment</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 定义部署的环境</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">production</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> url</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">https://production.example.com</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 包含外部模板配置</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Jobs/Build.gitlab-ci.yml</span></span></code></pre></figure>
|
|||
|
|
<h2 id="基础实践">基础实践<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#基础实践" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
|
|||
|
|
<h3 id="创建第一个-gitlab-cicd-管道pipeline">创建第一个 GitLab CI/CD 管道（Pipeline）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#创建第一个-gitlab-cicd-管道pipeline" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
|
|||
|
|
<p>创建一个简单的 .gitlab-ci.yml 文件是开始使用 GitLab CI/CD 的第一步。该文件定义了管道中的作业和阶段。以下是一个简单的示例：</p>
|
|||
|
|
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">stages</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">build</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">test</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">build-job</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> stage</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">build</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> script</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">echo "Compiling the code..."</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">make</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">test-job</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> stage</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">test</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> script</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">echo "Running tests..."</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">make test</span></span></code></pre></figure>
|
|||
|
|
<h4 id="在-gitlab-中运行第一个管道">在 GitLab 中运行第一个管道<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#在-gitlab-中运行第一个管道" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
|
|||
|
|
<ol>
|
|||
|
|
<li>将 .gitlab-ci.yml 文件提交到项目的根目录。</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>登录 GitLab，导航到项目页面。</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>在左侧菜单中选择 “CI / CD” <span>→</span> “Pipelines”。</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>查看新创建的管道，点击查看详细信息。</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ol>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>GitLab 会自动检测 .gitlab-ci.yml 文件并运行管道。你可以查看每个作业的日志，了解执行情况。</strong></p>
|
|||
|
|
<h4 id="监控和管理管道执行">监控和管理管道执行<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#监控和管理管道执行" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
|
|||
|
|
<ol>
|
|||
|
|
<li><strong>监控管道状态</strong>: 在 Pipelines 页面查看所有管道的状态（成功、失败、进行中）。</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li><strong>查看作业日志</strong>: 点击具体作业查看详细日志，了解作业的执行情况和输出。</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li><strong>重试失败的作业</strong>: 对于失败的作业，可以点击 Retry 按钮重新执行。</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li><strong>取消进行中的管道</strong>: 如果需要终止进行中的管道，可以点击 Cancel 按钮。</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ol>
|
|||
|
|
<h3 id="使用预定义的-gitlab-ci-模板">使用预定义的 GitLab CI 模板<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#使用预定义的-gitlab-ci-模板" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
|
|||
|
|
<p>GitLab 提供了一些预定义的 CI 模板，帮助用户快速上手常见的 CI/CD 流程。这些模板涵盖了多种编程语言和框架，如 Java、Node.js、Python 等。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<ul>
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
|||
|
|
<p>常见模板:</p>
|
|||
|
|
<ul>
|
|||
|
|
<li><code>Jobs/Build.gitlab-ci.yml</code></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li><code>Jobs/Test.gitlab-ci.yml</code></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li><code>Jobs/Deploy.gitlab-ci.yml</code></li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
<h4 id="如何在项目中引用和使用预定义模板">如何在项目中引用和使用预定义模板<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#如何在项目中引用和使用预定义模板" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
|
|||
|
|
<p>你可以通过 <code>include</code> 关键字在 .gitlab-ci.yml 文件中引用预定义模板。例如下述示例中，引用了 GitLab 提供的构建模板，同时添加了一个自定义的测试作业。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Jobs/Build.gitlab-ci.yml</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">stages</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">build</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">test</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">test-job</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> stage</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">test</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> script</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">echo "Running custom tests..."</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">make test</span></span></code></pre></figure>
|
|||
|
|
<h4 id="根据需求自定义和扩展模板">根据需求自定义和扩展模板<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#根据需求自定义和扩展模板" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
|
|||
|
|
<p>使用预定义模板后，你可以根据项目的具体需求进行自定义和扩展。例如通过自定义模板，你可以在标准流程基础上添加特定的测试和部署逻辑。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">include</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">template</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Jobs/Build.gitlab-ci.yml</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">stages</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">build</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">test</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">deploy</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">test-job</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> stage</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">test</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> script</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">echo "Running custom tests..."</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">make test</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">deploy-job</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> stage</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">deploy</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> script</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">echo "Deploying to production..."</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">make deploy</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> only</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">master</span></span></code></pre></figure>
|
|||
|
|
<h3 id="运行基本的-ci-流程如构建测试">运行基本的 CI 流程（如构建、测试）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#运行基本的-ci-流程如构建测试" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
|
|||
|
|
<h4 id="在管道中定义和运行构建作业">在管道中定义和运行构建作业<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#在管道中定义和运行构建作业" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
|
|||
|
|
<p>构建作业是 CI 流程的核心部分，通常包括编译代码和生成构建产物。以下是一个构建作业的示例：</p>
|
|||
|
|
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">stages</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">build</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">build-job</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> stage</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">build</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 定义构建过程中需要执行的命令。</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> script</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">echo "Compiling the code..."</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">make</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 定义构建产物的路径，供后续作业使用。</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> artifacts</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> paths</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">build/</span></span></code></pre></figure>
|
|||
|
|
<h4 id="集成单元测试和集成测试">集成单元测试和集成测试<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#集成单元测试和集成测试" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
|
|||
|
|
<p>测试作业用于运行单元测试和集成测试，确保代码的正确性。以下是一个测试作业的示例：</p>
|
|||
|
|
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">stages</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">test</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 运行单元测试</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">unit-test-job</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> stage</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">test</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> script</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">echo "Running unit tests..."</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">make test-unit</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 运行集成测试</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">integration-test-job</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> stage</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">test</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> script</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">echo "Running integration tests..."</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">make test-integration</span></span></code></pre></figure>
|
|||
|
|
<h4 id="查看和分析测试结果">查看和分析测试结果<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#查看和分析测试结果" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
|
|||
|
|
<p>GitLab CI/CD 提供了详细的测试结果报告，帮助开发人员分析和解决问题。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<ol>
|
|||
|
|
<li><strong>查看测试日志</strong>: 在 Pipelines 页面点击具体作业，查看测试的详细日志和输出。</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li><strong>分析测试结果</strong>: 使用 GitLab 提供的测试报告工具，如 JUnit 报告，查看测试通过率和失败的测试用例。</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ol>
|
|||
|
|
<h4 id="使用-gitlab-ci-的代码质量分析功能">使用 GitLab CI 的代码质量分析功能<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#使用-gitlab-ci-的代码质量分析功能" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
|
|||
|
|
<p>GitLab CI/CD 提供了代码质量分析功能，帮助识别代码中的潜在问题和改进点。以下是一个代码质量分析的示例：</p>
|
|||
|
|
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">stages</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">code_quality</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">code_quality</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> stage</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">code_quality</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> script</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">echo "Running code quality checks..."</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">eslint .</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 使用 ESLint 等工具运行代码质量检查。</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 生成代码质量报告并存储在 GitLab 中，供后续分析和查看。</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> artifacts</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> reports</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> codequality</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">gl-code-quality-report.json</span></span></code></pre></figure>
|
|||
|
|
<h2 id="进阶技能">进阶技能<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#进阶技能" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
|
|||
|
|
<h3 id="使用-gitlab-runner-执行自定义作业">使用 GitLab Runner 执行自定义作业<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#使用-gitlab-runner-执行自定义作业" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
|
|||
|
|
<h4 id="编写和配置自定义作业脚本">编写和配置自定义作业脚本<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#编写和配置自定义作业脚本" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
|
|||
|
|
<p>自定义作业脚本使得 CI/CD 流程能够灵活适应不同的项目需求。通过在 <code>.gitlab-ci.yml</code> 文件中定义脚本，可以执行特定任务，例如编译、测试、部署等。以下是一个示例，在 <code>script</code> 部分中，可以编写任意 Bash 命令或调用外部脚本文件，以执行具体的任务。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">stages</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">build</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">test</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">deploy</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">build-job</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> stage</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">build</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> script</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">echo "Compiling the code..."</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">make</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">test-job</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> stage</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">test</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> script</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">echo "Running tests..."</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">make test</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">deploy-job</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> stage</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">deploy</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> script</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">echo "Deploying to production..."</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">make deploy</span></span></code></pre></figure>
|
|||
|
|
<h4 id="在不同执行环境中运行自定义作业">在不同执行环境中运行自定义作业<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#在不同执行环境中运行自定义作业" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
|
|||
|
|
<p>GitLab Runner 支持多种执行环境，使得 CI/CD 管道可以在不同的操作系统和容器中运行。以下是一些常见的执行环境配置示例：</p>
|
|||
|
|
<h5 id="shell-执行环境">Shell 执行环境<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#shell-执行环境" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h5>
|
|||
|
|
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">build-job</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> stage</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">build</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> script</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">echo "Running in shell..."</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">make</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> tags</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">shell</span></span></code></pre></figure>
|
|||
|
|
<h5 id="docker-执行环境">Docker 执行环境<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#docker-执行环境" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h5>
|
|||
|
|
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">build-job</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> stage</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">build</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> image</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">maven:3.6.3-jdk-8</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> script</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">echo "Running in Docker..."</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">mvn install</span></span></code></pre></figure>
|
|||
|
|
<h5 id="kubernetes-执行环境">Kubernetes 执行环境<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#kubernetes-执行环境" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h5>
|
|||
|
|
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">build-job</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> stage</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">build</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> script</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">echo "Running in Kubernetes..."</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">kubectl apply -f deployment.yaml</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> tags</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">kubernetes</span></span></code></pre></figure>
|
|||
|
|
<h4 id="利用并行作业和矩阵构建提高效率">利用并行作业和矩阵构建提高效率<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#利用并行作业和矩阵构建提高效率" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
|
|||
|
|
<p>并行作业和矩阵构建使得多个作业可以同时运行，从而加快 CI/CD 管道的执行速度。以下是并行作业和矩阵构建的示例：</p>
|
|||
|
|
<h5 id="并行作业">并行作业<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#并行作业" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h5>
|
|||
|
|
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">stages</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">test</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">test-job-1</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> stage</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">test</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> script</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">echo "Running test job 1..."</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">make test-1</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">test-job-2</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> stage</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">test</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> script</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">echo "Running test job 2..."</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">make test-2</span></span></code></pre></figure>
|
|||
|
|
<h5 id="矩阵构建">矩阵构建<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#矩阵构建" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h5>
|
|||
|
|
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">stages</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">test</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">test-job</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> stage</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">test</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> script</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">echo "Running tests..."</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">make test</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> parallel</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> matrix</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">TEST_ENV</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: [</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"python2.7"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"python3.6"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">DB</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: [</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"mysql"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"postgres"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span></code></pre></figure>
|
|||
|
|
<h3 id="使用-gitlab-secrets-进行安全管理">使用 GitLab Secrets 进行安全管理<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#使用-gitlab-secrets-进行安全管理" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
|
|||
|
|
<h4 id="gitlab-cicd-中的秘密变量和环境变量管理">GitLab CI/CD 中的秘密变量和环境变量管理<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#gitlab-cicd-中的秘密变量和环境变量管理" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
|
|||
|
|
<p>GitLab 提供了管理秘密变量和环境变量的功能，以确保敏感信息（如 API 密钥、密码等）不会泄露。可以在 GitLab 项目或组的设置中定义这些变量。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>定义秘密变量:</strong></p>
|
|||
|
|
<ol>
|
|||
|
|
<li>进入项目设置: Settings <span>→</span> CI/CD <span>→</span> Variables</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>点击 “Add Variable”</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>输入变量名称和值，并选择保护选项（如保护、掩码）</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ol>
|
|||
|
|
<h4 id="在-gitlab-ciyml-中安全使用秘密">在 .gitlab-ci.yml 中安全使用秘密<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#在-gitlab-ciyml-中安全使用秘密" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
|
|||
|
|
<p>在 <code>.gitlab-ci.yml</code> 文件中，可以通过 <code>${VARIABLE_NAME}</code> 的形式引用环境变量和秘密变量。通过这种方式，可以确保敏感信息不会暴露在代码库中。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">stages</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">deploy</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">deploy-job</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> stage</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">deploy</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> script</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">echo "Deploying to production..."</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">deploy --api-key=${API_KEY} --password=${PASSWORD}</span></span></code></pre></figure>
|
|||
|
|
<h4 id="配置和管理-gitlab-项目和组的秘密">配置和管理 GitLab 项目和组的秘密<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#配置和管理-gitlab-项目和组的秘密" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
|
|||
|
|
<p>GitLab 允许在项目和组级别管理秘密变量，便于多个项目共享相同的配置。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<h5 id="项目级变量">项目级变量<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#项目级变量" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h5>
|
|||
|
|
<ol>
|
|||
|
|
<li>进入项目设置: Settings <span>→</span> CI/CD <span>→</span> Variables</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>添加或编辑变量</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ol>
|
|||
|
|
<h5 id="组级变量">组级变量<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#组级变量" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h5>
|
|||
|
|
<ol>
|
|||
|
|
<li>进入组设置: Group Settings <span>→</span> CI/CD <span>→</span> Variables</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>添加或编辑变量</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ol>
|
|||
|
|
<h3 id="多阶段管道和依赖管理">多阶段管道和依赖管理<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#多阶段管道和依赖管理" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
|
|||
|
|
<h4 id="定义多阶段multi-stage管道">定义多阶段（multi-stage）管道<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#定义多阶段multi-stage管道" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
|
|||
|
|
<p>多阶段管道通过定义不同的阶段（如 build、test、deploy）来组织 CI/CD 流程。以下是一个多阶段管道的示例：</p>
|
|||
|
|
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">stages</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">build</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">test</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">deploy</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">build-job</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> stage</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">build</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> script</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">echo "Building the project..."</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">make build</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">test-job</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> stage</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">test</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> script</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">echo "Testing the project..."</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">make test</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">deploy-job</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> stage</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">deploy</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> script</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">echo "Deploying the project..."</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">make deploy</span></span></code></pre></figure>
|
|||
|
|
<h4 id="阶段之间的依赖管理和条件执行">阶段之间的依赖管理和条件执行<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#阶段之间的依赖管理和条件执行" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
|
|||
|
|
<p>**通过定义阶段之间的依赖关系，可以控制作业的执行顺序和条件执行。**例如，可以使用 <code>needs</code> 关键字定义依赖关系：</p>
|
|||
|
|
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">stages</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">build</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">test</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">deploy</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">build-job</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> stage</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">build</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> script</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">echo "Building the project..."</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">make build</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">test-job</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> stage</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">test</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> script</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">echo "Testing the project..."</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">make test</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> needs</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: [</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"build-job"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">deploy-job</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> stage</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">deploy</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> script</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">echo "Deploying the project..."</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">make deploy</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> only</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">master</span></span></code></pre></figure>
|
|||
|
|
<h4 id="使用-needs-关键字优化管道执行顺序">使用 Needs 关键字优化管道执行顺序<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#使用-needs-关键字优化管道执行顺序" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
|
|||
|
|
<p>使用 <code>needs</code> 关键字可以显著优化管道的执行顺序，避免不必要的等待时间：</p>
|
|||
|
|
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">stages</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">build</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">test</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">deploy</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">build-job</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> stage</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">build</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> script</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">echo "Building the project..."</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">make build</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">unit-test-job</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> stage</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">test</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> script</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">echo "Running unit tests..."</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">make test-unit</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> needs</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: [</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"build-job"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">integration-test-job</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> stage</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">test</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> script</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">echo "Running integration tests..."</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">make test-integration</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> needs</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: [</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"build-job"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">deploy-job</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> stage</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">deploy</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> script</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">echo "Deploying the project..."</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">make deploy</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> needs</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: [</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"unit-test-job"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"integration-test-job"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span></code></pre></figure>
|
|||
|
|
<h3 id="集成第三方服务如-docker-registrykubernetes">集成第三方服务（如 Docker Registry、Kubernetes）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#集成第三方服务如-docker-registrykubernetes" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
|
|||
|
|
<h4 id="配置和使用-gitlab-内置的-docker-registry">配置和使用 GitLab 内置的 Docker Registry<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#配置和使用-gitlab-内置的-docker-registry" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
|
|||
|
|
<p>GitLab 提供内置的 Docker Registry，方便用户存储和管理 Docker 镜像。以下是配置和使用的步骤：</p>
|
|||
|
|
<ol>
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>启用 Docker Registry</strong>:</p>
|
|||
|
|
<ul>
|
|||
|
|
<li>进入项目设置: Settings <span>→</span> CI/CD <span>→</span> Container Registry</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>确认 Docker Registry 已启用</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>登录 Docker Registry</strong>:</p>
|
|||
|
|
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> docker</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> login</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> registry.gitlab.com</span></span></code></pre></figure>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>构建和推送 Docker 镜像</strong>:</p>
|
|||
|
|
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">stages</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">build</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">deploy</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">build-job</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> stage</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">build</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> image</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">docker:latest</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> services</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">docker:dind</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> script</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">docker build -t registry.gitlab.com/your-namespace/your-project:latest .</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">docker push registry.gitlab.com/your-namespace/your-project:latest</span></span></code></pre></figure>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ol>
|
|||
|
|
<h4 id="在管道中构建和推送-docker-镜像">在管道中构建和推送 Docker 镜像<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#在管道中构建和推送-docker-镜像" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
|
|||
|
|
<p>通过在管道中构建和推送 Docker 镜像，可以实现自动化的容器化部署：</p>
|
|||
|
|
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">stages</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">build</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">deploy</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">build-job</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> stage</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">build</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> image</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">docker:latest</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> services</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">docker:dind</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> script</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">docker build -t registry.gitlab.com/your-namespace/your-project:latest .</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">docker push registry.gitlab.com/your-namespace/your-project:latest</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">deploy-job</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> stage</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">deploy</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> script</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">docker pull registry.gitlab.com/your-namespace/your-project:latest</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">docker run -d registry.gitlab.com/your-namespace/your-project:latest</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> only</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">master</span></span></code></pre></figure>
|
|||
|
|
<h4 id="集成-kubernetes-进行持续部署">集成 Kubernetes 进行持续部署<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#集成-kubernetes-进行持续部署" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
|
|||
|
|
<p>GitLab CI/CD 可以与 Kubernetes 集成，实现自动化的持续部署：</p>
|
|||
|
|
<ol>
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>配置 Kubernetes 集群</strong>:</p>
|
|||
|
|
<ul>
|
|||
|
|
<li>在 GitLab 项目的 Kubernetes 集成页面添加集群信息</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>在管道中使用 Kubernetes</strong>:</p>
|
|||
|
|
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">stages</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">deploy</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">deploy-job</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> stage</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">deploy</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> script</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">kubectl apply -f deployment.yaml</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> tags</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">kubernetes</span></span></code></pre></figure>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ol>
|
|||
|
|
<h4 id="使用-gitlab-kubernetes-集群管理工具">使用 GitLab Kubernetes 集群管理工具<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#使用-gitlab-kubernetes-集群管理工具" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
|
|||
|
|
<p>GitLab 提供了 Kubernetes 集群管理工具，简化集群的配置和管理：</p>
|
|||
|
|
<ol>
|
|||
|
|
<li><strong>添加 Kubernetes 集群</strong>:
|
|||
|
|
<ul>
|
|||
|
|
<li>进入项目设置: Operations <span>→</span> Kubernetes</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>添加集群信息（API URL、CA 证书、Token 等）</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li><strong>管理集群</strong>:
|
|||
|
|
<ul>
|
|||
|
|
<li>使用 GitLab 提供的界面管理集群中的资源，如 Pods、Services 等</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>配置自动化的 CI/CD 管道，实现持续部署</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ol>
|
|||
|
|
<h2 id="高级实践">高级实践<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#高级实践" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
|
|||
|
|
<h3 id="持续交付cd流程">持续交付（CD）流程<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#持续交付cd流程" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
|
|||
|
|
<h4 id="定义和实现持续交付cd管道">定义和实现持续交付（CD）管道<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#定义和实现持续交付cd管道" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
|
|||
|
|
<p>持续交付（CD）是指将代码在经过一系列自动化测试后，自动部署到预生产或生产环境。以下是一个持续交付管道的示例：</p>
|
|||
|
|
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">stages</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">build</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 定义构建阶段</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">test</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 定义测试阶段</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">deploy</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 定义部署阶段</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">build-job</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> stage</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">build</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 指定作业所属的阶段</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> script</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">echo "Building the project..."</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">make build</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> artifacts</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> paths</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">build/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 保存构建产物供后续使用</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">test-job</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> stage</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">test</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 指定作业所属的阶段</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> script</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">echo "Running tests..."</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">make test</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> dependencies</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">build-job</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 使用构建阶段的产物</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">deploy-job</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> stage</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">deploy</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 指定作业所属的阶段</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> script</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">echo "Deploying to production..."</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">make deploy</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> only</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">master</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 仅在 master 分支上执行部署</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> environment</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">production</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 部署环境名称</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> url</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">https://production.example.com</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 部署环境的 URL</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line> </span></code></pre></figure>
|
|||
|
|
<h4 id="配置环境部署策略">配置环境部署策略<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#配置环境部署策略" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
|
|||
|
|
<p>GitLab 提供了丰富的环境和部署策略配置选项，确保部署过程的安全性和稳定性。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<h5 id="动态环境">动态环境<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#动态环境" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h5>
|
|||
|
|
<p>用于临时创建环境，进行测试或演示。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">environment</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">review/$CI_COMMIT_REF_NAME</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> url</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">https://$CI_COMMIT_REF_NAME.example.com</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> on_stop</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">stop_review</span></span></code></pre></figure>
|
|||
|
|
<h5 id="手动部署">手动部署<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#手动部署" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h5>
|
|||
|
|
<p>需要手动确认才能执行部署。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">deploy-job</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> stage</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">deploy</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> script</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">echo "Deploying to production..."</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">make deploy</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> when</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">manual</span></span></code></pre></figure>
|
|||
|
|
<h4 id="使用-gitlab-的环境和部署管理功能">使用 GitLab 的环境和部署管理功能<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#使用-gitlab-的环境和部署管理功能" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
|
|||
|
|
<p>GitLab 提供环境和部署管理功能，帮助开发者和运维人员轻松管理不同的部署环境。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<ul>
|
|||
|
|
<li><strong>查看环境状态</strong>: 在项目的 Environments 页面查看所有环境的状态和部署历史。</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li><strong>手动触发部署</strong>: 在 Environments 页面手动触发部署任务。</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li><strong>环境保护</strong>: 配置环境保护规则，限制谁可以部署到特定环境。</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
<h4 id="回滚和部署策略优化">回滚和部署策略优化<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#回滚和部署策略优化" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
|
|||
|
|
<p>部署过程中可能会遇到问题，需要回滚到之前的版本。可以通过以下方式实现回滚和优化部署策略：</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>自动回滚</strong>: 在部署失败时自动回滚到上一个稳定版本。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">deploy-job</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> stage</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">deploy</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> script</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">echo "Deploying to production..."</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">make deploy || make rollback</span></span></code></pre></figure>
|
|||
|
|
<ul>
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>蓝绿部署</strong>: 同时运行两个版本的应用，切换流量以实现无缝升级。</p>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>金丝雀发布</strong>: 部分用户先访问新版本，观察其稳定性，然后逐步扩展。</p>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
<h3 id="使用缓存和-artifacts-提高构建效率">使用缓存和 Artifacts 提高构建效率<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#使用缓存和-artifacts-提高构建效率" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
|
|||
|
|
<h4 id="配置和使用缓存加速构建过程">配置和使用缓存加速构建过程<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#配置和使用缓存加速构建过程" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
|
|||
|
|
<p>缓存可以显著加快构建过程，通过缓存依赖和构建中间结果，减少重复工作。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<h5 id="配置缓存">配置缓存<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#配置缓存" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h5>
|
|||
|
|
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">cache</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> paths</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">.m2/repository</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">node_modules/</span></span></code></pre></figure>
|
|||
|
|
<h5 id="清理缓存">清理缓存<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#清理缓存" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h5>
|
|||
|
|
<p>在需要时清理缓存以确保使用最新的依赖。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">cache</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> key</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"$CI_COMMIT_REF_SLUG"</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> paths</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">.m2/repository</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> policy</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">push</span></span></code></pre></figure>
|
|||
|
|
<h4 id="定义和管理-artifacts">定义和管理 Artifacts<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#定义和管理-artifacts" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
|
|||
|
|
<p>Artifacts 是管道运行过程中生成的文件，通常用于后续阶段或作为构建产物存储。并在 GitLab 界面查看和下载 artifacts。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">artifacts</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> paths</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">build/</span></span></code></pre></figure>
|
|||
|
|
<h4 id="优化缓存和-artifacts-的存储策略">优化缓存和 Artifacts 的存储策略<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#优化缓存和-artifacts-的存储策略" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
|
|||
|
|
<p>为了更好地利用缓存和 artifacts，优化存储策略非常重要。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<h5 id="按分支缓存">按分支缓存<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#按分支缓存" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h5>
|
|||
|
|
<p>不同分支使用不同的缓存，避免相互影响。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">cache</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> key</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"$CI_COMMIT_REF_NAME"</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> paths</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">.m2/repository</span></span></code></pre></figure>
|
|||
|
|
<h5 id="长期存储">长期存储<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#长期存储" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h5>
|
|||
|
|
<p>重要的构建产物可以配置长期存储，避免被清理。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">artifacts</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> paths</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">build/</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> expire_in</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">1 month</span></span></code></pre></figure>
|
|||
|
|
<h3 id="部署到-kubernetes-和其他云平台">部署到 Kubernetes 和其他云平台<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#部署到-kubernetes-和其他云平台" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
|
|||
|
|
<h4 id="使用-gitlab-cicd-管道部署到-kubernetes-集群">使用 GitLab CI/CD 管道部署到 Kubernetes 集群<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#使用-gitlab-cicd-管道部署到-kubernetes-集群" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
|
|||
|
|
<p>将应用部署到 Kubernetes 集群，可以利用其强大的容器编排和管理能力。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>配置 Kubernetes 集群</strong>:</p>
|
|||
|
|
<ol>
|
|||
|
|
<li>在 GitLab 项目的 Kubernetes 集成页面添加集群信息。</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>配置 <code>kubeconfig</code> 文件，用于访问 Kubernetes 集群。</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ol>
|
|||
|
|
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">stages</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">deploy</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">deploy-job</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> stage</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">deploy</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> script</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">kubectl apply -f k8s/deployment.yaml</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">kubectl apply -f k8s/service.yaml</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> tags</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">kubernetes</span></span></code></pre></figure>
|
|||
|
|
<h4 id="配置和使用-gitlab-的-auto-devops-功能">配置和使用 GitLab 的 Auto DevOps 功能<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#配置和使用-gitlab-的-auto-devops-功能" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
|
|||
|
|
<p>Auto DevOps 是 GitLab 提供的自动化 CI/CD 流程，适用于常见的开发场景。启用 Auto DevOps 后，GitLab 会自动检测并运行合适的 CI/CD 管道。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<ul>
|
|||
|
|
<li><strong>启用 Auto DevOps</strong>:
|
|||
|
|
<ol>
|
|||
|
|
<li>在项目设置页面启用 Auto DevOps。</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>配置 Kubernetes 集群和相关的 CI/CD 设置。</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ol>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li><strong>定制 Auto DevOps</strong>: 可以通过自定义 <code>.gitlab-ci.yml</code> 文件来扩展和定制 Auto DevOps 流程。</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
<h4 id="集成其他云平台进行部署">集成其他云平台进行部署<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#集成其他云平台进行部署" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
|
|||
|
|
<p>通过 GitLab CI/CD 管道，可以将应用部署到各种云平台。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<h5 id="部署到-aws">部署到 AWS<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#部署到-aws" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h5>
|
|||
|
|
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">stages</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">deploy</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">deploy-job</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> stage</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">deploy</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> image</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">amazon/aws-cli</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> script</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">aws s3 cp build/ s3://my-bucket/ --recursive</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> only</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">master</span></span></code></pre></figure>
|
|||
|
|
<h5 id="部署到-gcp">部署到 GCP<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#部署到-gcp" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h5>
|
|||
|
|
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">stages</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">deploy</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">deploy-job</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> stage</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">deploy</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> image</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">google/cloud-sdk</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> script</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">gcloud auth activate-service-account --key-file $GCP_KEY_FILE</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">gcloud app deploy</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> only</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">master</span></span></code></pre></figure>
|
|||
|
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<h5 id="部署到-azure">部署到 Azure<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#部署到-azure" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h5>
|
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|
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<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">stages</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
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<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">deploy</span></span>
|
|||
|
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<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
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<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">deploy-job</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
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<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> stage</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">deploy</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> image</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">mcr.microsoft.com/azure-cli</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> script</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">az login --service-principal -u $AZURE_CLIENT_ID -p $AZURE_CLIENT_SECRET --tenant $AZURE_TENANT_ID</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">az webapp up --name myapp --resource-group myResourceGroup --location "East US"</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> only</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">master</span></span></code></pre></figure>
|
|||
|
|
<h3 id="性能优化和故障排查">性能优化和故障排查<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#性能优化和故障排查" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
|
|||
|
|
<h4 id="优化管道执行时间和资源使用">优化管道执行时间和资源使用<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#优化管道执行时间和资源使用" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
|
|||
|
|
<p>通过以下方法可以优化 CI/CD 管道的执行时间和资源使用：</p>
|
|||
|
|
<ul>
|
|||
|
|
<li><strong>并行执行</strong>: 将作业并行化，减少整体执行时间。</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li><strong>缓存利用</strong>: 使用缓存减少重复工作。</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li><strong>按需执行</strong>: 使用 <code>only</code> 和 <code>except</code> 关键字控制作业执行条件。</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
<h4 id="监控和分析管道性能指标">监控和分析管道性能指标<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#监控和分析管道性能指标" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
|
|||
|
|
<p>GitLab 提供了多种监控和分析工具，帮助优化管道性能：</p>
|
|||
|
|
<ul>
|
|||
|
|
<li><strong>Pipeline Analytics</strong>: 查看管道执行时间和成功率等指标。</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li><strong>Job Artifacts</strong>: 分析作业的日志和生成的报告。</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li><strong>GitLab CI/CD Monitoring</strong>: 使用外部监控工具（如 Prometheus、Grafana）集成 GitLab 的 CI/CD 监控。</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
<h4 id="常见错误和问题的排查方法">常见错误和问题的排查方法<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#常见错误和问题的排查方法" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
|
|||
|
|
<p>常见错误包括作业失败、超时、依赖问题等。排查方法如下：</p>
|
|||
|
|
<ul>
|
|||
|
|
<li><strong>查看日志</strong>: 详细查看作业日志，分析错误信息。</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li><strong>重试作业</strong>: 对于临时性问题，可以尝试重试作业。</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li><strong>环境检查</strong>: 确认执行环境的配置和依赖是否正确。</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
<h4 id="使用-gitlab-cicd-的调试和日志功能">使用 GitLab CI/CD 的调试和日志功能<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#使用-gitlab-cicd-的调试和日志功能" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
|
|||
|
|
<p>GitLab CI/CD 提供了丰富的调试和日志功能，帮助定位和解决问题：</p>
|
|||
|
|
<ul>
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>Debug 作业</strong>: 在 <code>.gitlab-ci.yml</code> 中添加调试信息。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<pre><code>script:
|
|||
|
|
- echo "Debug info:"
|
|||
|
|
- env
|
|||
|
|
- make test
|
|||
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>查看作业日志</strong>: 在 GitLab 界面查看详细的作业执行日志。</p>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>使用 SSH 访问 Runner</strong>: 在调试模式下使用 SSH 访问 Runner，进行更深入的调试。</p>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul></article><hr/><div class="page-footer"></div></div><div class="right sidebar"><div class="graph"><h3>关系图谱</h3><div class="graph-outer"><div id="graph-container" data-cfg="{"drag":true,"zoom":true,"depth":1,"scale":1.1,"repelForce":0.5,"centerForce":0.3,"linkDistance":30,"fontSize":0.6,"opacityScale":1,"showTags":true,"removeTags":[],"focusOnHover":false}"></div><button id="global-graph-icon" aria-label="Global Graph"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 55 55" fill="currentColor" xml:space="preserve"><path d="M49,0c-3.309,0-6,2.691-6,6c0,1.035,0.263,2.009,0.726,2.86l-9.829,9.829C32.542,17.634,30.846,17,29,17
|
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s-3.542,0.634-4.898,1.688l-7.669-7.669C16.785,10.424,17,9.74,17,9c0-2.206-1.794-4-4-4S9,6.794,9,9s1.794,4,4,4
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c0.74,0,1.424-0.215,2.019-0.567l7.669,7.669C21.634,21.458,21,23.154,21,25s0.634,3.542,1.688,4.897L10.024,42.562
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C8.958,41.595,7.549,41,6,41c-3.309,0-6,2.691-6,6s2.691,6,6,6s6-2.691,6-6c0-1.035-0.263-2.009-0.726-2.86l12.829-12.829
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c1.106,0.86,2.44,1.436,3.898,1.619v10.16c-2.833,0.478-5,2.942-5,5.91c0,3.309,2.691,6,6,6s6-2.691,6-6c0-2.967-2.167-5.431-5-5.91
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v-10.16c1.458-0.183,2.792-0.759,3.898-1.619l7.669,7.669C41.215,39.576,41,40.26,41,41c0,2.206,1.794,4,4,4s4-1.794,4-4
|
|||
|
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s-1.794-4-4-4c-0.74,0-1.424,0.215-2.019,0.567l-7.669-7.669C36.366,28.542,37,26.846,37,25s-0.634-3.542-1.688-4.897l9.665-9.665
|
|||
|
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C46.042,11.405,47.451,12,49,12c3.309,0,6-2.691,6-6S52.309,0,49,0z M11,9c0-1.103,0.897-2,2-2s2,0.897,2,2s-0.897,2-2,2
|
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|
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S11,10.103,11,9z M6,51c-2.206,0-4-1.794-4-4s1.794-4,4-4s4,1.794,4,4S8.206,51,6,51z M33,49c0,2.206-1.794,4-4,4s-4-1.794-4-4
|
|||
|
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s1.794-4,4-4S33,46.794,33,49z M29,31c-3.309,0-6-2.691-6-6s2.691-6,6-6s6,2.691,6,6S32.309,31,29,31z M47,41c0,1.103-0.897,2-2,2
|
|||
|
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s-2-0.897-2-2s0.897-2,2-2S47,39.897,47,41z M49,10c-2.206,0-4-1.794-4-4s1.794-4,4-4s4,1.794,4,4S51.206,10,49,10z"></path></svg></button></div><div id="global-graph-outer"><div id="global-graph-container" data-cfg="{"drag":true,"zoom":true,"depth":-1,"scale":0.9,"repelForce":0.5,"centerForce":0.3,"linkDistance":30,"fontSize":0.6,"opacityScale":1,"showTags":true,"removeTags":[],"focusOnHover":true}"></div></div></div><div class="toc desktop-only"><button type="button" id="toc" class aria-controls="toc-content" aria-expanded="true"><h3>目录</h3><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="fold"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg></button><div id="toc-content" class><ul class="overflow"><li class="depth-0"><a href="#gitlab-cicd" data-for="gitlab-cicd">GitLab CI/CD</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#基本概念和工作原理" data-for="基本概念和工作原理">基本概念和工作原理</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#gitlab-runner" data-for="gitlab-runner">GitLab Runner</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#gitlab-ciyml" data-for="gitlab-ciyml">.gitlab-ci.yml</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#基础实践" data-for="基础实践">基础实践</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#创建第一个-gitlab-cicd-管道pipeline" data-for="创建第一个-gitlab-cicd-管道pipeline">创建第一个 GitLab CI/CD 管道（Pipeline）</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#使用预定义的-gitlab-ci-模板" data-for="使用预定义的-gitlab-ci-模板">使用预定义的 GitLab CI 模板</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#运行基本的-ci-流程如构建测试" data-for="运行基本的-ci-流程如构建测试">运行基本的 CI 流程（如构建、测试）</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#进阶技能" data-for="进阶技能">进阶技能</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#使用-gitlab-runner-执行自定义作业" data-for="使用-gitlab-runner-执行自定义作业">使用 GitLab Runner 执行自定义作业</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#使用-gitlab-secrets-进行安全管理" data-for="使用-gitlab-secrets-进行安全管理">使用 GitLab Secrets 进行安全管理</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#多阶段管道和依赖管理" data-for="多阶段管道和依赖管理">多阶段管道和依赖管理</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#集成第三方服务如-docker-registrykubernetes" data-for="集成第三方服务如-docker-registrykubernetes">集成第三方服务（如 Docker Registry、Kubernetes）</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#高级实践" data-for="高级实践">高级实践</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#持续交付cd流程" data-for="持续交付cd流程">持续交付（CD）流程</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#使用缓存和-artifacts-提高构建效率" data-for="使用缓存和-artifacts-提高构建效率">使用缓存和 Artifacts 提高构建效率</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#部署到-kubernetes-和其他云平台" data-for="部署到-kubernetes-和其他云平台">部署到 Kubernetes 和其他云平台</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#性能优化和故障排查" data-for="性能优化和故障排查">性能优化和故障排查</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="explorer mobile-only"><button type="button" id="explorer" data-behavior="collapse" data-collapsed="collapsed" data-savestate="true" data-tree="[{"path":"Personal","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2018","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2020","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2021","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2022",&qu
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</script><script type="module">
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await mermaid.run({
|
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