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<p>网络端口是在网络通信中用于标识特定服务或应用程序的数字标识符。它们用于在计算机之间建立连接和传输数据。网络端口分为硬件设备中的端口和 TCP/IP 协议中的端口两种含义。</p>
<p>硬件设备中的端口是指交换机、路由器等网络设备中用于连接其他设备的接口，例如 SC 端口等。</p>
<p>TCP/IP 协议中的端口是指在网络通信中使用的端口号，用于标识特定的服务或应用程序。TCP/IP 协议是互联网使用的基本协议之一，它定义了数据如何在网络中进行传输和通信的规则。为了满足网络通信的需求，TCP/IP 协议引入了软件端口的概念，允许计算机跨越空间限制进行连接和通信。</p>
<p>根据端口号的范围，网络端口可以分为以下三类：</p>
<ol>
<li>**公认端口（Well-Known Ports）：范围从 0 到 1023，也被称为常用端口。**这些端口与一些特定的服务紧密绑定，例如 FTP 服务的 21 端口、HTTP 服务的 80 端口等。</li>
<li>**注册端口（Registered Ports）：范围从 1024 到 49151，这些端口松散地绑定于一些服务。**许多服务可能使用这些端口，并且这些端口也可能用于其他目的。</li>
<li>**动态和/或私有端口（Dynamic and/or Private Ports）：范围从 49152 到 65535。**根据理论，常用服务不应分配到这些端口上。然而，实际上，一些特殊的程序，特别是一些恶意软件（如木马程序），经常使用这些端口。</li>
</ol>
<p>此外，端口还可以根据所使用的传输协议分为 <strong>TCP 协议端口</strong>和 <strong>UDP 协议端口</strong>。TCP（传输控制协议）和 UDP（用户数据报协议）是 TCP/IP 协议族中常用的传输层协议。一些常见的端口和它们所对应的协议包括 FTP（使用 21 端口，TCP 协议）、SMTP（使用 25 端口，TCP 协议）、HTTP（使用 80 端口，TCP 协议）、DNS（使用 53 端口，UDP 协议）等。</p>
<h2 id="端口">端口<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#端口" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<div class="table-container"><table><thead><tr><th>端口</th><th>服务</th><th>描述</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>0</td><td>Reserved</td><td>通常用于分析操作系统。</td></tr><tr><td>1</td><td>tcpmux</td><td>用于寻找 SGI Irix 机器。</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td>Echo</td><td>发送信息到广播地址的端口。</td></tr><tr><td>19</td><td>Character Generator</td><td>仅发送字符的服务。</td></tr><tr><td>21</td><td>FTP</td><td>FTP 服务器所开放的端口，用于上传和下载文件。</td></tr><tr><td>22</td><td>Ssh</td><td>用于寻找 ssh。</td></tr><tr><td>23</td><td>Telnet</td><td>远程登录，入侵者搜索远程登录 UNIX 的服务。</td></tr><tr><td>25</td><td>SMTP</td><td>SMTP 服务器所开放的端口，用于发送邮件。</td></tr><tr><td>31</td><td>MSG Authentication</td><td>木马 Master Paradise、Hackers Paradise 开放此端口。</td></tr><tr><td>42</td><td>WINS Replication</td><td>WINS 复制端口。</td></tr><tr><td>53</td><td>DNS</td><td>DNS 服务器所开放的端口，用于域名解析。</td></tr><tr><td>67</td><td>Bootstrap Protocol Server</td><td>通过广播请求地址的端口。</td></tr><tr><td>69</td><td>Trivial File Transfer</td><td>用于从系统下载启动代码的服务。</td></tr><tr><td>79</td><td>Finger Server</td><td>用于获得用户信息的服务。</td></tr><tr><td>80</td><td>HTTP</td><td>用于网页浏览的端口。</td></tr><tr><td>99</td><td>Metagram Relay</td><td>后门程序 ncx99 开放此端口。</td></tr><tr><td>102</td><td>Message transfer agent (MTA)-X.400 over TCP/IP</td><td>消息传输代理。</td></tr><tr><td>109</td><td>Post Office Protocol - Version 3</td><td>用于接收邮件的 POP3 服务器端口。</td></tr><tr><td>110</td><td>SUN 公司的 RPC 服务所有端口</td><td>SUN 公司的 RPC 服务开放的端口。</td></tr><tr><td>113</td><td>Authentication Service</td><td>用于鉴别 TCP 连接的用户的服务。</td></tr><tr><td>137</td><td>NETBIOS Name Service</td><td>用于传输文件的服务。</td></tr><tr><td>138</td><td>NETBIOS Name Service</td><td>用于传输文件的服务。</td></tr><tr><td>139</td><td>NETBIOS/SMB 服务</td><td>用于 Windows 文件和打印机共享的服务。</td></tr><tr><td>143</td><td>Interim Mail Access Protocol v2</td><td>用于电子邮件的 IMAP 服务。</td></tr><tr><td>161</td><td>SNMP</td><td>用于远程管理设备的协议。</td></tr><tr><td>177</td><td>X Display Manager Control Protocol</td><td>用于访问 X-windows 操作台的服务。</td></tr><tr><td>389</td><td>LDAP, ILS</td><td>轻型目录访问协议和 NetMeeting Internet Locator Server 的共用端口。</td></tr><tr><td>443</td><td>HTTPS</td><td>提供加密和通过安全端口传输的 HTTP 服务。</td></tr><tr><td>456</td><td>[NULL]</td><td>木马 HACKERS PARADISE 开放此端口。</td></tr><tr><td>513</td><td>Login, remote login</td><td>从使用 cable modem 或 DSL 登陆到子网中的 UNIX 计算机发出的广播。</td></tr><tr><td>548</td><td>Macintosh, File Services (AFP/IP)</td><td>用于 Macintosh 文件服务的端口。</td></tr><tr><td>553</td><td>CORBA IIOP (UDP)</td><td>CORBA 面向对象的 RPC 系统的端口。</td></tr><tr><td>555</td><td>DSF</td><td>木马 PhAse1.0、Stealth Spy、IniKiller 开放此端口。</td></tr><tr><td>568</td><td>Membership DPA</td><td>成员资格 DPA 的端口。</td></tr><tr><td>569</td><td>Membership MSN</td><td>成员资格 MSN 的端口。</td></tr><tr><td>635</td><td>mountd</td><td>Linux 的 mountd Bug 的端口。</td></tr><tr><td>636</td><td>LDAP</td><td>SSL 端口。</td></tr><tr><td>666</td><td>Doom Id Software</td><td>木马 Attack FTP、Satanz Backdoor 开放此端口。</td></tr><tr><td>993</td><td>IMAP</td><td>SSL 端口。</td></tr><tr><td>1001</td><td>[NULL]</td><td>木马 Silencer、WebEx 开放此端口。</td></tr><tr><td>1011</td><td>[NULL]</td><td>木马 Doly Trojan 开放此端口。</td></tr><tr><td>1024</td><td>Reserved</td><td>动态端口的开始，许多程序使用此端口连接网络。</td></tr><tr><td>10
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