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<html lang="zh"><head><title>语法基础</title><meta charset="utf-8"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=IBM Plex Mono&amp;family=Noto Serif Simplified Chinese:wght@400;700&amp;family=Source Sans Pro:ital,wght@0,400;0,600;1,400;1,600&amp;display=swap"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/><meta property="og:title" content="语法基础"/><meta property="og:description" content="英语语法基础."/><meta property="og:image" content="https://wiki.7wate.com/static/og-image.png"/><meta property="og:width" content="1200"/><meta property="og:height" content="675"/><link rel="icon" href="../../static/icon.png"/><meta name="description" content="英语语法基础."/><meta name="generator" content="Quartz"/><link href="../../index.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" spa-preserve/><link href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/KaTeX/0.16.9/katex.min.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" spa-preserve/><script src="../../prescript.js" type="application/javascript" spa-preserve></script><script type="application/javascript" spa-preserve>const fetchData = fetch("../../static/contentIndex.json").then(data => data.json())</script></head><body data-slug="SocialSciences/English/语法基础"><div id="quartz-root" class="page"><div id="quartz-body"><div class="left sidebar"><h2 class="page-title"><a href="../..">🪴 X·Eden</a></h2><div class="spacer mobile-only"></div><div class="search"><button class="search-button" id="search-button"><p>搜索</p><svg role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 19.9 19.7"><title>Search</title><g class="search-path" fill="none"><path stroke-linecap="square" d="M18.5 18.3l-5.4-5.4"></path><circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7"></circle></g></svg></button><div id="search-container"><div id="search-space"><input autocomplete="off" id="search-bar" name="search" type="text" aria-label="搜索些什么" placeholder="搜索些什么"/><div id="search-layout" data-preview="true"></div></div></div></div><button class="darkmode" id="darkmode"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" id="dayIcon" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 35 35" style="enable-background:new 0 0 35 35" xml:space="preserve" aria-label="暗色模式"><title>暗色模式</title><path d="M6,17.5C6,16.672,5.328,16,4.5,16h-3C0.672,16,0,16.672,0,17.5 S0.672,19,1.5,19h3C5.328,19,6,18.328,6,17.5z M7.5,26c-0.414,0-0.789,0.168-1.061,0.439l-2,2C4.168,28.711,4,29.086,4,29.5 C4,30.328,4.671,31,5.5,31c0.414,0,0.789-0.168,1.06-0.44l2-2C8.832,28.289,9,27.914,9,27.5C9,26.672,8.329,26,7.5,26z M17.5,6 C18.329,6,19,5.328,19,4.5v-3C19,0.672,18.329,0,17.5,0S16,0.672,16,1.5v3C16,5.328,16.671,6,17.5,6z M27.5,9 c0.414,0,0.789-0.168,1.06-0.439l2-2C30.832,6.289,31,5.914,31,5.5C31,4.672,30.329,4,29.5,4c-0.414,0-0.789,0.168-1.061,0.44 l-2,2C26.168,6.711,26,7.086,26,7.5C26,8.328,26.671,9,27.5,9z M6.439,8.561C6.711,8.832,7.086,9,7.5,9C8.328,9,9,8.328,9,7.5 c0-0.414-0.168-0.789-0.439-1.061l-2-2C6.289,4.168,5.914,4,5.5,4C4.672,4,4,4.672,4,5.5c0,0.414,0.168,0.789,0.439,1.06 L6.439,8.561z M33.5,16h-3c-0.828,0-1.5,0.672-1.5,1.5s0.672,1.5,1.5,1.5h3c0.828,0,1.5-0.672,1.5-1.5S34.328,16,33.5,16z M28.561,26.439C28.289,26.168,27.914,26,27.5,26c-0.828,0-1.5,0.672-1.5,1.5c0,0.414,0.168,0.789,0.439,1.06l2,2 C28.711,30.832,29.086,31,29.5,31c0.828,0,1.5-0.672,1.5-1.5c0-0.414-0.168-0.789-0.439-1.061L28.561,26.439z M17.5,29 c-0.829,0-1.5,0.672-1.5,1.5v3c0,0.828,0.671,1.5,1.5,1.5s1.5-0.672,1.5-1.5v-3C19,29.672,18.329,29,17.5,29z M17.5,7 C11.71,7,7,11.71,7,17.5S11.71,28,17.5,28S28,23.29,28,17.5S23.29,7,17.5,7z M17.5,25c-4.136,0-7.5-3.364-7.5-7.5 c0-4.136,3.364-7.5,7.5-7.5c4.136,0,7.5,3.364,7.5,7.5C25,21.636,21.636,25,17.5,25z"></path></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" id="nightIcon" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" style="enable-backgr
<div class="table-container"><table><thead><tr><th>词性 (Parts of Speech)</th><th>简拼 (Abbreviation)</th><th>定义 (Definition)</th><th>功能 (Function)</th><th>例子 (Example)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>名词 (Nouns)</td><td>n.</td><td>表示人、地点、事物或概念。</td><td>作为主语或宾语。</td><td>book, China, happiness</td></tr><tr><td>动词 (Verbs)</td><td>v.</td><td>描述动作、状态或发生的事件。</td><td>构成句子的谓语，表示行为或状态。</td><td>run, think, is, have</td></tr><tr><td>形容词 (Adjectives)</td><td>adj.</td><td>用来描述或修饰名词。</td><td>位于名词前，提供额外信息，如大小、颜色、形状等。</td><td>beautiful, tall, red</td></tr><tr><td>副词 (Adverbs)</td><td>adv.</td><td>用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。</td><td>提供如何、何时、何地、何种程度等信息。</td><td>quickly, very, well</td></tr><tr><td>代词 (Pronouns)</td><td>pron.</td><td>用来替代名词，避免重复。</td><td>替代具体的名词。</td><td>she, they, it, ours</td></tr><tr><td>介词 (Prepositions)</td><td>prep.</td><td>表示事物之间的关系，常与名词或代词组合。</td><td>形成介词短语，表示时间、地点、方向、原因等。</td><td>in, on, at, from</td></tr><tr><td>连词 (Conjunctions)</td><td>conj.</td><td>用来连接单词、短语或句子。</td><td>连接句子成分，表示逻辑关系。</td><td>and, but, because, if</td></tr><tr><td>感叹词 (Interjections)</td><td>int.</td><td>用来表达强烈的情感或反应。</td><td>独立于句子结构，表达情感。</td><td>wow, ouch, hey</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<h3 id="名词nouns-n">名词（Nouns, n.）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#名词nouns-n" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<ul>
<li>定义：表示人、地点、事物或概念。</li>
<li>例子：在句子“<strong>Tom</strong> loves <strong>coffee</strong>.”（<strong>汤姆</strong>喜欢<strong>咖啡</strong>。）中，“Tom”和“coffee”都是名词，分别指一个人和一种饮料。</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="动词verbs-v">动词（Verbs, v.）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#动词verbs-v" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<ul>
<li>定义：描述动作、状态或发生的事件。</li>
<li>例子：“She <strong>runs</strong> every morning.”（她每天早上都去<strong>跑步</strong>。）这里，“runs”是动词，描述了她的动作。</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="形容词adjectives-adj">形容词（Adjectives, adj.）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#形容词adjectives-adj" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<ul>
<li>定义：用来描述或修饰名词。</li>
<li>例子：“The <strong>beautiful</strong> scenery.”（<strong>美丽的</strong>风景。）“beautiful”是形容词，修饰名词“scenery”。</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="副词adverbs-adv">副词（Adverbs, adv.）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#副词adverbs-adv" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<ul>
<li>定义：用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。</li>
<li>例子：“He speaks <strong>very</strong> clearly.”（他说话<strong>非常</strong>清楚。）这里，“very”是副词，用来加强“clearly”这个副词。</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="代词pronouns-pron">代词（Pronouns, pron.）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#代词pronouns-pron" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<ul>
<li>定义：用来替代名词，避免重复。</li>
<li>例子：“<strong>She</strong> is a writer.”（<strong>她</strong>是一名作家。）“She”代替了某个具体的女性名词。</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="介词prepositions-prep">介词（Prepositions, prep.）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#介词prepositions-prep" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<ul>
<li>定义：表示事物之间的关系，常与名词或代词组合。</li>
<li>例子：“The book <strong>on</strong> the table.”（桌子上的书。）“on”是介词，表示书和桌子之间的空间关系。</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="连词conjunctions-conj">连词（Conjunctions, conj.）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#连词conjunctions-conj" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<ul>
<li>定义：用来连接单词、短语或句子。</li>
<li>例子：“I like tea <strong>and</strong> coffee.”（我喜欢茶<strong>和</strong>咖啡。）“and”是连词，用来连接“tea”和“coffee”这两个词。</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="感叹词interjections-int">感叹词（Interjections, int.）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#感叹词interjections-int" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<ul>
<li>定义：用来表达强烈的情感或反应。</li>
<li>例子：“<strong>Wow</strong>! This is amazing!”（<strong>哇</strong>！这太神奇了！）“Wow”是感叹词，表达了惊讶的情感。</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="句子成分elements-of-a-sentence">句子成分（Elements Of a Sentence）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#句子成分elements-of-a-sentence" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<div class="table-container"><table><thead><tr><th>成分 (Element)</th><th>定义 (Definition)</th><th>功能 (Function)</th><th>例子 (Example)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>主语 (Subject)</td><td>句子谈论的主体，通常是名词或代词。</td><td>表明句子是关于谁或什么的。</td><td>“<strong>The cat</strong> sleeps.”（<strong>猫</strong>在睡觉。）</td></tr><tr><td>谓语 (Predicate)</td><td>描述主语的动作或状态，通常包含动词。</td><td>说明主语做了什么或如何。</td><td>“The cat <strong>sleeps</strong>.”（猫<strong>在睡觉</strong>。）</td></tr><tr><td>宾语 (Object)</td><td>动作的接受者，通常跟在动词后面。</td><td>接受动作或与动作有关。</td><td>“She likes <strong>music</strong>.”（她喜欢<strong>音乐</strong>。）</td></tr><tr><td>定语 (Attribute)</td><td>修饰或描述名词的词或短语。</td><td>描述或限定名词。</td><td>“The <strong>red</strong> apple.”（<strong>红色的</strong>苹果。）</td></tr><tr><td>状语 (Adverbial)</td><td>提供关于动作发生的时间、地点、方式或原因的信息。</td><td>修饰动词、形容词或整个句子。</td><td>“He sings <strong>loudly</strong>.”（他<strong>大声地</strong>唱歌。）</td></tr><tr><td>补语 (Complement)</td><td>提供关于主语或宾语的额外信息。</td><td>完成、解释或补充主语或宾语。</td><td>“He is <strong>a teacher</strong>.”（他是<strong>一名教师</strong>。）</td></tr><tr><td>同位语 (Appositive)</td><td>通常紧跟在名词后面，对名词进行解释或补充。</td><td>详细说明或强调前面的名词。</td><td>“My brother <strong>Tom</strong> is a teacher.”（我的兄弟<strong>汤姆</strong>是一名教师。）</td></tr><tr><td>表语 (Predicative)</td><td>位于系动词（如 be, become, seem 等）之后，用于对主语进行说明或补充。</td><td>对主语进行补充说明，说明主语的性质或状态。</td><td>“The sky becomes <strong>dark</strong>.”（天空变得<strong>暗淡</strong>。）</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<h2 id="句子结构sentence-structure">句子结构（Sentence Structure）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#句子结构sentence-structure" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<pre><code class="mermaid">graph TD
A[句子 Sentence] --> B[主语 Subject]
A --> C[谓语 Predicate]
C --> D[动词 Verb]
C --> E[宾语 Object]
C --> F[补语 Complement]
B --> G[定语 Attribute]
C --> H[状语 Adverbial]
B --- I((名词或代词 Noun or Pronoun))
E --- J((名词或代词 Noun or Pronoun))
G --- K((形容词或短语 Adjective or Phrase))
H --- L((副词或短语 Adverb or Phrase))
</code></pre>
<h3 id="基本句型basic-sentence-structures">基本句型（Basic Sentence Structures）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#基本句型basic-sentence-structures" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<h4 id="简单句simple-sentences">简单句（Simple Sentences）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#简单句simple-sentences" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p>简单句包含一个主语和一个谓语，表达一个完整的思想。</p>
<blockquote>
<p><code>&quot;The dog barks.&quot;</code>（狗在叫。）</p>
</blockquote>
<pre><code class="mermaid">graph TD
A[简单句 Simple Sentence] --> B[主语 Subject]
A --> C[谓语 Predicate]
B --> D[名词 Noun]
C --> E[动词 Verb]
D --> F[&quot;The dog&quot;（狗）]
E --> G[&quot;barks&quot;（叫）]
</code></pre>
<h4 id="并列句compound-sentences">并列句（Compound Sentences）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#并列句compound-sentences" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p>并列句由两个或更多的简单句通过并列连词（如 and, but）连接。</p>
<blockquote>
<p><code>&quot;The dog barks, and the cat meows.&quot;</code>（狗在叫，而猫在喵喵叫。）</p>
</blockquote>
<pre><code class="mermaid">graph TD
A[并列句 Compound Sentence] --> B[简单句 Simple Sentence 1]
A -->|并列连词 Conjunction| C[简单句 Simple Sentence 2]
B --> D[&quot;The dog barks&quot;（狗在叫）]
C --> E[&quot;The cat meows&quot;（猫在喵喵叫）]
</code></pre>
<h4 id="复合句complex-sentences">复合句（Complex Sentences）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#复合句complex-sentences" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p>复合句包含一个主句和至少一个从句。</p>
<blockquote>
<p><code>&quot;When the dog barks, the cat hides.&quot;</code>（当狗叫时，猫就躲起来。）</p>
</blockquote>
<pre><code class="mermaid">graph TD
A[复合句 Complex Sentence] --> B[主句 Main Clause]
A --> C[从句 Subordinate Clause]
B --> D[&quot;The cat hides&quot;（猫躲起来）]
C --> E[&quot;When the dog barks&quot;（当狗叫时）]
</code></pre>
<h4 id="复合并列句compound-complex-sentences">复合并列句（Compound-Complex Sentences）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#复合并列句compound-complex-sentences" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p>复合并列句包含至少两个主句和至少一个从句。</p>
<blockquote>
<p><code>&quot;The dog barks, the cat hides, and the mouse runs away.&quot;</code>（狗在叫，猫躲起来，老鼠逃跑了。）</p>
</blockquote>
<pre><code class="mermaid">graph TD
A[复合并列句 Compound-Complex Sentence] --> B[主句 Main Clause 1]
A --> C[主句 Main Clause 2]
A --> D[从句 Subordinate Clause]
B --> E[&quot;The dog barks&quot;（狗在叫）]
C --> F[&quot;the cat hides&quot;（猫躲起来）]
D --> G[&quot;the mouse runs away&quot;（老鼠逃跑了）]
</code></pre>
<h3 id="从句类型types-of-clauses">从句类型（Types Of Clauses）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#从句类型types-of-clauses" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<div class="table-container"><table><thead><tr><th>句型类型</th><th>定义</th><th>能否独立存在</th><th>类型</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>主句（Main Clause）</strong></td><td>能够独立存在，表达完整的意思。</td><td>是</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td><strong>从句（Subordinate Clause）</strong></td><td>不能独立存在，依赖主句来表达完整的意思。</td><td>否</td><td>名词性从句、形容词性从句、副词性从句</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<h4 id="名词性从句noun-clauses">名词性从句（Noun Clauses）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#名词性从句noun-clauses" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p>名词性从句（Noun Clauses）在句子中充当名词的角色。</p>
<blockquote>
<p><code>&quot;What you said is interesting.&quot;</code>（你所说的很有趣。）</p>
</blockquote>
<pre><code class="mermaid">graph TD
A[名词性从句 Noun Clause] --> B[主句 Main Clause]
B --> C[&quot;is interesting&quot;（很有趣）]
A --> D[&quot;What you said&quot;（你所说的）]
</code></pre>
<h4 id="形容词性从句adjective-clauses">形容词性从句（Adjective Clauses）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#形容词性从句adjective-clauses" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p>形容词性从句（Adjective Clauses）在句子中充当形容词的角色，通常跟随并修饰名词。</p>
<blockquote>
<p><code>&quot;The book that I read was fascinating.&quot;</code>（我读的那本书很吸引人。）</p>
</blockquote>
<pre><code class="mermaid">graph TD
A[形容词性从句 Adjective Clause] --> B[被修饰的名词 Modified Noun]
B --> C[&quot;The book&quot;（那本书）]
A --> D[&quot;that I read&quot;（我读的）]
</code></pre>
<h4 id="副词性从句adverbial-clauses">副词性从句（Adverbial Clauses）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#副词性从句adverbial-clauses" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p>副词性从句（Adverbial Clauses）在句子中充当副词的角色，说明时间、地点、原因等。</p>
<blockquote>
<p><code>&quot;I will call you when I arrive.&quot;</code>（我到达时会给你打电话。）</p>
</blockquote>
<pre><code class="mermaid">graph TD
A[副词性从句 Adverbial Clause] --> B[主句 Main Clause]
B --> C[&quot;I will call you&quot;（我会给你打电话）]
A --> D[&quot;when I arrive&quot;（当我到达时）]
</code></pre>
<h3 id="特殊语句">特殊语句<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#特殊语句" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<h4 id="感叹句exclamatory-sentences">感叹句（Exclamatory Sentences）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#感叹句exclamatory-sentences" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p>感叹句用来表达强烈的感情或情绪，如惊讶、兴奋、快乐等。</p>
<blockquote>
<p><code>&quot;What a beautiful day!&quot;</code>（多么美丽的一天啊！）</p>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="祈使句imperative-sentences">祈使句（Imperative Sentences）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#祈使句imperative-sentences" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p>祈使句用来发出命令、请求或建议。</p>
<blockquote>
<p><code>&quot;Please close the door.&quot;</code>（请关门。）</p>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="疑问句interrogative-sentences">疑问句（Interrogative Sentences）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#疑问句interrogative-sentences" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p>疑问句用来提问或询问信息。</p>
<blockquote>
<p><code>&quot;Are you coming to the party?&quot;</code>（你会来参加派对吗？）</p>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="倒装句inverted-sentences">倒装句（Inverted Sentences）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#倒装句inverted-sentences" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p>倒装句中，主语和谓语的正常顺序被颠倒或改变。</p>
<blockquote>
<p><code>&quot;Rarely have I seen such bravery.&quot;</code>（我很少见到这样的勇敢。）</p>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="省略句elliptical-sentences">省略句（Elliptical Sentences）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#省略句elliptical-sentences" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p>省略句中省略了某些成分，但意思仍然清晰。</p>
<blockquote>
<p><code>&quot;I can play piano, and she can too.&quot;</code>（我会弹钢琴，她也会。）</p>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="条件句conditional-sentences">条件句（Conditional Sentences）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#条件句conditional-sentences" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p>条件句表达假设的情况及其可能的结果。</p>
<blockquote>
<p><code>&quot;If it rains, we will stay home.&quot;</code>（如果下雨，我们就待在家里。）</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="语序word-order">语序（Word Order）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#语序word-order" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<ul>
<li>定义：标准的英语语序是主语 - 谓语 - 宾语（SVO）。</li>
<li>例子：<code>&quot;She (S) loves (V) music (O).&quot;</code>（她喜欢音乐。）</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="时态和语态tenses-and-voice">时态和语态（Tenses And Voice）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#时态和语态tenses-and-voice" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<div class="table-container"><table><thead><tr><th>时态</th><th>结构</th><th>用途</th><th>例子</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>现在简单时</strong></td><td>do/does + 基本形式</td><td>表达习惯性动作、普遍真理</td><td>She writes every day.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>现在进行时</strong></td><td>am/is/are + 现在分词</td><td>表达正在进行的动作</td><td>She is writing a letter now.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>现在完成时</strong></td><td>have/has + 过去分词</td><td>表达过去发生的动作对现在的影响</td><td>She has written a letter.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>现在完成进行时</strong></td><td>have/has + been + 现在分词</td><td>表达从过去开始持续到现在的动作</td><td>She has been writing a letter.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>过去简单时</strong></td><td>did + 基本形式</td><td>表达过去某一具体时间的动作或状态</td><td>She wrote a letter yesterday.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>过去进行时</strong></td><td>was/were + 现在分词</td><td>表达过去某一时刻正在进行的动作</td><td>She was writing a letter when I called.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>过去完成时</strong></td><td>had + 过去分词</td><td>表达在过去某一动作之前已经完成的动作</td><td>She had written the letter by then.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>过去完成进行时</strong></td><td>had + been + 现在分词</td><td>表达在过去某一时间点之前开始并持续的动作</td><td>She had been writing a letter for an hour.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>将来简单时</strong></td><td>will + 基本形式</td><td>表达将来的动作或状态</td><td>She will write a letter tomorrow.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>将来进行时</strong></td><td>will be + 现在分词</td><td>表达将来某一时刻正在进行的动作</td><td>She will be writing a letter at 8 PM.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>将来完成时</strong></td><td>will have + 过去分词</td><td>表达在将来某一时间点之前已经完成的动作</td><td>She will have written the letter by noon.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>将来完成进行时</strong></td><td>will have been + 现在分词</td><td>表达在将来某一时间点之前开始并持续的动作</td><td>She will have been writing a letter for two hours.</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<h3 id="语态">语态<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#语态" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<div class="table-container"><table><thead><tr><th>语态</th><th>结构</th><th>用途</th><th>例子</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>主动语态</strong></td><td>主语 + 动词 + 宾语</td><td>表达主语执行动作</td><td>She writes a letter.</td></tr><tr><td><strong>被动语态</strong></td><td>主语 + be动词 + 过去分词 + 由…进行</td><td>表达主语接受动作</td><td>A letter is written by her.</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<h2 id="直接与间接引语direct-and-indirect-speech">直接与间接引语（Direct And Indirect Speech）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#直接与间接引语direct-and-indirect-speech" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<p>直接引语和间接引语是英语中报告他人话语的两种方式，它们在使用时有明显的区别和转换规则。</p>
<h3 id="直接引语direct-speech">直接引语（Direct Speech）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#直接引语direct-speech" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<ul>
<li><strong>定义</strong>：原样引用说话人的原话，通常放在引号内。</li>
<li><strong>用法</strong>：用于报告说话人的具体言辞，保留原话的时态、人称和地点时间指示词。</li>
<li>**例子：**She said, “I am writing a letter.”</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="间接引语indirect-speech">间接引语（Indirect Speech）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#间接引语indirect-speech" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<ul>
<li><strong>定义</strong>：转述说话人的话，不使用引号，并根据上下文调整时态、人称和指示词。</li>
<li><strong>用法</strong>：用于报告说话内容的概述，需要根据主句的时态对从句的时态进行相应调整。</li>
<li><strong>转换规则：</strong>
<ul>
<li>时态后移（直接引语的现在时变为间接引语的过去时，过去时变为过去完成时等）。</li>
<li>人称调整（根据上下文将第一人称转换为第三人称，第二人称根据情况转换）。</li>
<li>指示词调整（如“today”变为“that day”，“now”变为“then”等）。</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>例子：</strong>
<ul>
<li>Direct: He said, “I will visit Paris tomorrow.”</li>
<li>Indirect: He said that he would visit Paris the next day.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="条件句conditional-sentences-1">条件句（Conditional Sentences）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#条件句conditional-sentences-1" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<p>条件句用于表达一个条件以及该条件的结果。它们主要分为四种类型，每种类型用于表达不同程度的可能性。</p>
<h3 id="零条件句zero-conditional">零条件句（Zero Conditional）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#零条件句zero-conditional" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<ul>
<li><strong>用途</strong>：表达普遍真理或自然规律。</li>
<li><strong>结构</strong>：if + 现在简单时, 现在简单时。</li>
<li><strong>例子</strong>：If water reaches 100 degrees Celsius, it boils.</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="第一条件句first-conditional">第一条件句（First Conditional）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#第一条件句first-conditional" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<ul>
<li><strong>用途</strong>：表达将来可能发生的情况及其结果。</li>
<li><strong>结构</strong>：if + 现在简单时, 将来简单时（will + 动词原形）。</li>
<li><strong>例子</strong>：If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the trip.</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="第二条件句second-conditional">第二条件句（Second Conditional）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#第二条件句second-conditional" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<ul>
<li><strong>用途</strong>：表达不太可能发生的假设情况及其假设结果。</li>
<li><strong>结构</strong>：if + 过去简单时, would + 动词原形。</li>
<li><strong>例子</strong>：If I were a millionaire, I would buy a mansion.</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="第三条件句third-conditional">第三条件句（Third Conditional）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#第三条件句third-conditional" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<ul>
<li><strong>用途</strong>：表达过去未发生的假设情况及其假设结果。</li>
<li><strong>结构</strong>：if + 过去完成时, would have + 过去分词。</li>
<li><strong>例子</strong>：If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.</li>
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