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<p>GNU/Linux 有许多不同的发行版可供选择，如 Debian、CentOS/RHEL、 Ubuntu 等，它们都有自己的特点和适用场景。下表列出了几种常见的 GNU/Linux 发行版及其特点和适用场景。</p>
<table><thead><tr><th>发行版</th><th>特点</th><th>适用场景</th><th>官方网站</th><th>中国国内官方镜像站点</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Ubuntu</td><td>易用、更新快、软件库丰富</td><td>个人、办公、教育等领域</td><td><a href="https://ubuntu.com/" class="external">https://ubuntu.com/</a></td><td><a href="https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/" class="external">https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/</a></td></tr><tr><td>Debian</td><td>稳定、安全、软件包多</td><td>服务器、开发等领域</td><td><a href="https://www.debian.org/" class="external">https://www.debian.org/</a></td><td><a href="https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/" class="external">https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/</a></td></tr><tr><td>CentOS</td><td>稳定、安全、兼容性好、商业支持</td><td>企业级应用、服务器等领域</td><td><a href="https://www.centos.org/" class="external">https://www.centos.org/</a></td><td><a href="https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/" class="external">https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/</a></td></tr><tr><td>Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL)</td><td>稳定、安全、商业支持、适用于企业级应用</td><td>企业级应用、服务器等领域</td><td><a href="https://www.redhat.com/zh/technologies/linux-platforms/enterprise-linux" class="external">https://www.redhat.com/zh/technologies/linux-platforms/enterprise-linux</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fedora</td><td>最新的开源软件、社区驱动</td><td>开发、实验、桌面等领域</td><td><a href="https://getfedora.org/" class="external">https://getfedora.org/</a></td><td><a href="https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/" class="external">https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/</a></td></tr><tr><td>Arch Linux</td><td>简单、灵活、滚动更新</td><td>开发、实验、高级用户等领域</td><td><a href="https://www.archlinux.org/" class="external">https://www.archlinux.org/</a></td><td><a href="https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/" class="external">https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>以下是一些常用的中国国内 GNU/Linux 官方镜像站点：</p>
<ol>
<li>清华大学开源软件镜像站：<a href="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/" class="external">https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/</a></li>
<li>阿里云开源镜像站：<a href="https://mirrors.aliyun.com/" class="external">https://mirrors.aliyun.com/</a></li>
<li>网易开源镜像站：<a href="http://mirrors.163.com/" class="external">http://mirrors.163.com/</a></li>
<li>中科大开源镜像站：<a href="https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/" class="external">https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/</a></li>
<li>华中科技大学开源镜像站：<a href="https://mirrors.hust.edu.cn/" class="external">https://mirrors.hust.edu.cn/</a></li>
<li>上海交通大学开源软件镜像站：<a href="https://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/" class="external">https://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/</a></li>
<li>北京交通大学开源软件镜像站：<a href="https://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/" class="external">https://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/</a></li>
<li>北京理工大学开源镜像站：<a href="https://mirror.bit.edu.cn/" class="external">https://mirror.bit.edu.cn/</a></li>
</ol>
<p>可以根据自己的需求来选择最适合自己的 GNU/Linux 发行版。例如，如果您需要一个易于使用、更新快、软件库丰富的发行版，那么 Ubuntu 是一个不错的选择；如果您需要一个稳定、安全、软件包多的发行版，那么 Debian 可能更适合您的需求。</p>
<h2 id="gnulinux-的安装和配置">GNU/Linux 的安装和配置<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#gnulinux-的安装和配置" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
<p>在选择好自己的发行版后，我们需要将其安装到计算机上并进行配置。下面是 GNU/Linux 安装的一些基本步骤：</p>
<ol>
<li>下载并刻录光盘或制作 U 盘启动盘。</li>
<li>进入 BIOS 设置，设置计算机从光盘或 U 盘启动。</li>
<li>启动后进入安装程序，进行分区、格式化、挂载硬盘等操作。</li>
<li>安装操作系统并进行基本设置，如选择时区、语言、设置用户等。</li>
</ol>
<p>安装完成后，我们需要对 GNU/Linux 进行基本配置，以确保系统的正常运行。下面是一些基本的配置步骤：</p>
<ol>
<li>配置基本系统设置，如修改主机名、设置 IP 地址等。</li>
<li>设置时区、语言、字符集等。</li>
<li>配置网络连接，如设置网卡、DHCP 等。</li>
<li>安装和配置必要的软件包，如 SSH、防火墙等。</li>
</ol>
<p>建议在虚拟机环境下进行安装、配置、学习，同时学会利用虚拟机快照功能可以事半功倍。可以合理使用 LinuxMirrors 一键更换国内软件源。</p>
<h3 id="linuxmirrors">LinuxMirrors<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#linuxmirrors" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
<p><strong><code>GNU/Linux</code> 一键更换国内软件源脚本</strong></p>
<p><strong><a href="https://github.com/SuperManito/LinuxMirrors" class="external">LinuxMirrors</a> 旨在为从事计算机相关行业的朋友们提供便利</strong></p>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">bash</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&lt;(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">curl</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">-sSL</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">https://gitee.com/SuperManito/LinuxMirrors/raw/main/ChangeMirrors.sh</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">)</span></span></code></pre></div>
<h2 id="gnulinux-的基本设置和管理">GNU/Linux 的基本设置和管理<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#gnulinux-的基本设置和管理" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
<p>在完成基本的配置后，我们需要对 GNU/Linux 进行一些基本的设置和管理。下面是一些常见的设置和管理操作：</p>
<ol>
<li>配置用户和权限，如添加用户、设置用户组、分配权限等。</li>
<li>管理软件包，如更新、安装、删除软件包等。</li>
<li>配置服务，如启动、停止、重启服务等。</li>
<li>监控系统性能，如查看系统负载、内存使用情况等。</li>
<li>备份和恢复系统，如定期备份数据、恢复系统等。</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="cockpit">Cockpit<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#cockpit" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
<blockquote>
<p>The easy-to-use, integrated, glanceable, and open web-based interface for your servers</p>
</blockquote>
<p><a href="https://cockpit-project.org/" class="external">Cockpit</a> 是一款基于 Web 的 GNU/Linux 服务器管理工具，它提供了图形化的用户界面，使得管理和监控服务器变得更加简单和易于操作。</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://cockpit-project.org/running.html" class="external">安装手册</a></li>
<li><a href="https://cockpit-project.org/documentation.html" class="external">官方文档</a></li>
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s-2-0.897-2-2s0.897-2,2-2S47,39.897,47,41z M49,10c-2.206,0-4-1.794-4-4s1.794-4,4-4s4,1.794,4,4S51.206,10,49,10z"></path></svg></div><div id="global-graph-outer"><div id="global-graph-container" data-cfg="{&quot;drag&quot;:true,&quot;zoom&quot;:true,&quot;depth&quot;:-1,&quot;scale&quot;:0.9,&quot;repelForce&quot;:0.5,&quot;centerForce&quot;:0.3,&quot;linkDistance&quot;:30,&quot;fontSize&quot;:0.6,&quot;opacityScale&quot;:1,&quot;showTags&quot;:true,&quot;removeTags&quot;:[]}"></div></div></div><div class="toc desktop-only"><button type="button" id="toc" class><h3>Table of Contents</h3><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="fold"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg></button><div id="toc-content"><ul class="overflow"><li class="depth-0"><a href="#gnulinux-发行版的选择和下载" data-for="gnulinux-发行版的选择和下载">GNU/Linux 发行版的选择和下载</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#gnulinux-的安装和配置" data-for="gnulinux-的安装和配置">GNU/Linux 的安装和配置</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#linuxmirrors" data-for="linuxmirrors">LinuxMirrors</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#gnulinux-的基本设置和管理" data-for="gnulinux-的基本设置和管理">GNU/Linux 的基本设置和管理</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#cockpit" data-for="cockpit">Cockpit</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="backlinks "><h3>Backlinks</h3><ul class="overflow"><li>No backlinks found</li></ul></div><div class="explorer mobile-only"><button type="button" id="explorer" data-behavior="collapse" data-collapsed="collapsed" data-savestate="true" data-tree="[{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Basics&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Basics/english&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Blog&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Book&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Book/个人成长&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Book/医学健康&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Book/历史&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Book/哲学宗教&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Book/心理&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Book/政治军事&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Book/教育学习&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Book/文学&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Book/生活百科&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Book/社会文化&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Book/科学技术&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Book/经济理财&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Book/艺术&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Book/计算机&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Company&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Company/信息化&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Company/信息化/规范&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Culture&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Government&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Government/中国&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Government/中国/标准&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Government/中国/法律&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Journal&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Journal/2022&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Journal/2022/W34&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Journal/2022/W35&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Journal/2022/W36&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Journal/2022/W37&quot;,&quot;
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