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<html><head><title>云计算概述</title><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/><meta property="og:title" content="云计算概述"/><meta property="og:description" content="云计算概述."/><meta property="og:image" content="https://wiki.7wate.com/static/og-image.png"/><meta property="og:width" content="1200"/><meta property="og:height" content="675"/><link rel="icon" href="../../../static/icon.png"/><meta name="description" content="云计算概述."/><meta name="generator" content="Quartz"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com"/><script async src="https://umami.7wate.com/script.js" data-website-id="c061efdc-95dd-4d21-9d04-a1ffda0a85b9"></script><script>
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<p><strong>云计算是指由第三方提供商托管的基础架构、平台或软件，通过互联网提供给用户。</strong></p>
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<p>云服务有助于用户数据从前端客户端（诸如用户的服务器、平板电脑、台式机、笔记本电脑等任何用户端设备）通过互联网流向提供商的系统，然后再返回。云服务促进了云原生应用的构建和在云端工作的灵活性。用户只需借助计算机、操作系统和互联网连接即可访问云服务。</p>
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<h2 id="云计算的选项">云计算的选项<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#云计算的选项" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
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<p>凡是用户无需下载其他软件而是直接通过互联网就能访问的所有基础架构、平台、软件或技术都可以视为云计算服务，包括以下即服务类解决方案。</p>
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<p><img src="https://static.7wate.com/2024%2F06%2F19%2F7ca3210aebfc5c17aebbdf3f15ddf18b-iaas-paas-saas-diagram5.1-1638x1046.png" alt="# IaaS、PaaS 和SaaS 之间的区别"/></p>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="../../../Tech/cloud-service/基础/基础架构即服务（IaaS）" class="internal" data-slug="Tech/cloud-service/基础/基础架构即服务（IaaS）">基础架构即服务（IaaS）</a> 为用户提供计算、网络和存储资源。</li>
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<li><a href="../../../Tech/cloud-service/基础/平台即服务（PaaS）" class="internal" data-slug="Tech/cloud-service/基础/平台即服务（PaaS）">平台即服务（PaaS）</a> 为用户提供一个可运行应用的平台，以及运行所需的所有 IT 基础架构。</li>
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<li><a href="../../../Tech/cloud-service/基础/软件即服务（SaaS）" class="internal" data-slug="Tech/cloud-service/基础/软件即服务（SaaS）">软件即服务（SaaS）</a> 为用户提供必备的云应用、应用运行平台以及平台的底层基础架构。</li>
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<li><a href="../../../Tech/cloud-service/基础/功能即服务（FaaS）" class="internal" data-slug="Tech/cloud-service/基础/功能即服务（FaaS）">功能即服务（FaaS）</a> 是一种事件驱动型执行模型，它允许开发人员以功能的形式来构建、运行和管理应用包，无需维护基础架构。</li>
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</ul>
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<p>云是一种 IT 环境，可以抽象、汇集和共享整个网络中的可扩展资源。云的主旨是用于进行云计算，也就是在云环境中运行工作负载。云是一种 PaaS，因为硬件和应用软件平台由另一方提供。</p>
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<h2 id="云计算服务的运作原理是什么">云计算服务的运作原理是什么？<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#云计算服务的运作原理是什么" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
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<p>与其他所有 IT 解决方案一样，云服务也依赖于硬件和软件。但是，与传统的硬件和软件解决方案不同，用户只需计算机、网络连接和操作系统即可访问云服务。</p>
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<h2 id="云基础架构">云基础架构<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#云基础架构" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
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<p><strong>在为用户提供云基础架构时，云服务提供商会将计算功能与硬件组件分离开</strong>，例如：</p>
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<ul>
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<li>将处理能力与中央处理器（CPU）分离开</li>
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<li>将活动内存与随机存取存储器（RAM）芯片分离开</li>
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<li>将图形处理与图形处理单元（GPU）分离开</li>
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<li>数据存储空间与数据中心或硬盘分离开</li>
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</ul>
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<p>**这种抽象通常是通过虚拟化和虚拟机来实现的。**分离后，存储、计算和网络组件将通过互联网以基础架构（或 IaaS）的形式提供给用户。这种云服务促进了云存储的兴起，后者是将大数据作为物联网（IOT）的一部分进行存储。RackSpace 就是 IaaS 提供商的一个例证。</p>
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<h2 id="云平台">云平台<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#云平台" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
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<p>云服务提供商还可以使用其硬件资源来创建云平台，这是一种用户可以在其中开发代码或运行应用的在线环境。构建云平台不仅需要从硬件组件中抽象计算机功能，还需要提供云基础架构。提供云平台需要更高级别的开发工作，以整合诸如容器化、编排、应用编程接口（API）、路由、安全、管理和自动化等技术。用户体验设计（UX）也是营造可控在线体验的重要考虑因素。</p>
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<p>云平台是一种 PaaS。如果支持 PaaS 的基础架构组件具有高度可扩展性和可共享性，则可以将其视为云。PaaS 云的最佳例证包括公共云和托管私有云。</p>
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<h3 id="公共云">公共云<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#公共云" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
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<p>**公共云是一个虚拟资源池，可自动置备并通过自助服务界面在多个客户端间进行分配，其中的虚拟资源来自第三方公司所有和管理的硬件设备。**当工作负载出现意外需求波动时，可直接通过公共云进行横向扩展。</p>
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<p>如今，公共云通常不会作为独立的基础架构解决方案来部署，而是被作为异构混合环境的一部分部署，这样既可以提高安全性和性能，降低成本，还可以提高基础架构、服务和应用的可用性。</p>
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<p>公共云提供商会从其拥有的硬件中抽象自己的基础架构、平台或应用，将它们汇集到数据湖中，并与许多租户共享。他们还可提供公共云服务，如 API 管理、基于云的操作系统、或被称为框架的开发模板库。一些热门公共云包括：阿里云、Microsoft Azure、Google 云、Amazon Web Services（AWS）及 IBM Cloud。</p>
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<h3 id="私有云">私有云<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#私有云" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
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<p>**私有云是一种专为最终用户而创建，而且通常位于用户的防火墙内的云环境。**尽管传统上私有云在本地运行，但现在许多企业构建的私有云位于供应商租赁的外部数据中心内。</p>
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<p>如果底层 IT 基础架构归某个拥有完全独立访问权限的客户专有，那这种云就是私有云。</p>
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<p>私有云提供商也称为托管云提供商，他们向客户提供私有云，但私有云由客户以外的其他方进行部署、配置和管理。这种云交付方案适合 IT 团队人手不足或技能欠缺的企业或小型企业，能为用户提供更为出色的私有云服务和基础架构。</p>
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<h2 id="云软件">云软件<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#云软件" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
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<p>**提供商可以提供并最终被广泛接受的云服务是一个完整的 Web 应用，也称云软件或 SaaS。**这需要最大规模的开发投资，因为云提供商实际上是在为客户提供在线应用。</p>
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<p>**云软件可以通过云原生方法提供，云原生是一种结合了小型、独立和松散耦合的微服务的应用架构。**多个微服务可以打包至由容器编排引擎（如 Kubernetes 或红帽® OpenShift®）管理的单个 Linux® 容器中。最终产品是一个云应用，可通过微服务进行优化，而不会对整个应用中的其他微服务造成影响。</p></article></div><div class="right sidebar"><div class="graph "><h3>Graph View</h3><div class="graph-outer"><div id="graph-container" data-cfg="{"drag":true,"zoom":true,"depth":1,"scale":1.1,"repelForce":0.5,"centerForce":0.3,"linkDistance":30,"fontSize":0.6,"opacityScale":1,"showTags":true,"removeTags":[]}"></div><svg version="1.1" id="global-graph-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlnsXlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 55 55" fill="currentColor" xmlSpace="preserve"><path d="M49,0c-3.309,0-6,2.691-6,6c0,1.035,0.263,2.009,0.726,2.86l-9.829,9.829C32.542,17.634,30.846,17,29,17
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s-2-0.897-2-2s0.897-2,2-2S47,39.897,47,41z M49,10c-2.206,0-4-1.794-4-4s1.794-4,4-4s4,1.794,4,4S51.206,10,49,10z"></path></svg></div><div id="global-graph-outer"><div id="global-graph-container" data-cfg="{"drag":true,"zoom":true,"depth":-1,"scale":0.9,"repelForce":0.5,"centerForce":0.3,"linkDistance":30,"fontSize":0.6,"opacityScale":1,"showTags":true,"removeTags":[]}"></div></div></div><div class="toc desktop-only"><button type="button" id="toc" class><h3>Table of Contents</h3><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="fold"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg></button><div id="toc-content"><ul class="overflow"><li class="depth-0"><a href="#云计算" data-for="云计算">云计算</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#云计算的选项" data-for="云计算的选项">云计算的选项</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#云计算服务的运作原理是什么" data-for="云计算服务的运作原理是什么">云计算服务的运作原理是什么？</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#云基础架构" data-for="云基础架构">云基础架构</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#云平台" data-for="云平台">云平台</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#公共云" data-for="公共云">公共云</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#私有云" data-for="私有云">私有云</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#云软件" data-for="云软件">云软件</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="backlinks "><h3>Backlinks</h3><ul class="overflow"><li>No backlinks found</li></ul></div><div class="explorer mobile-only"><button type="button" id="explorer" data-behavior="collapse" data-collapsed="collapsed" data-savestate="true" data-tree="[{"path":"Basics","collapsed":true},{"path":"Basics/english","collapsed":true},{"path":"Blog","collapsed":true},{"path":"Book","collapsed":true},{"path":"Book/个人成长","collapsed":true},{"path":"Book/医学健康","collapsed":true},{"path":"Book/历史","collapsed":true},{"path":"Book/哲学宗教","collapsed":true},{"path":"Book/心理","collapsed":true},{"path":"Book/政治军事","collapsed":true},{"path":"Book/教育学习","collapsed":true},{"path":"Book/文学","collapsed":true},{"path":"Book/生活百科","collapsed":true},{"path":"Book/社会文化","collapsed":true},{"path":"Book/科学技术","collapsed":true},{"path":"Book/经济理财","collapsed":true},{"path":"Book/艺术","collapsed":true},{"path":"Book/计算机","collapsed":true},{"path":"Company","collapsed":true},{"path":"Company/信息化","collapsed":true},{"path":"Company/信息化/规范","collapsed":true},{"path":"Culture","collapsed":true},{"path":"Government","collapsed":true},{"path":"Government/中国","collapsed":true},{"path":"Government/中国/标准","collapsed":true},{"path":"Government/中国/法律","collapsed":true},{"path":"Journal","collapsed":true},{"path":"Journal/2022","collapsed":true},{"path":"Journal/2022/W34","collapsed":true},{"path":"Journal/2022/W
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