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<p>在现代软件开发和系统管理中，结构化配置文件是不可或缺的工具。它们允许开发者和系统管理员以一种标准化和易于理解的方式组织配置数据，这些数据控制着应用程序的行为和环境的特性。无论是简单的本地应用还是复杂的分布式系统，合适的配置文件格式都可以大幅提高项目的可维护性、可扩展性和透明度。</p>
<p>结构化配置文件的主要作用包括但不限于：</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>提高自动化水平</strong>：自动部署和管理工具广泛依赖结构化数据来执行复杂的操作。</li>
<li><strong>促进团队协作</strong>：统一的配置格式使得不同背景的开发者能够轻松理解和修改设置。</li>
<li><strong>增加应用的灵活性</strong>：通过外部配置文件，应用程序可以不需修改代码即可适应不同环境。</li>
<li><strong>支持环境隔离</strong>：不同环境（如开发、测试和生产）可以使用不同的配置，而不会互相干扰。</li>
</ul>
<p>选择对比 INI、YAML、XML、JSON、TOML、HCL 和 CSON 这些特定格式的原因基于它们在业界的广泛应用和独特优势。每种格式都有其特定的用途和优点，例如：</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>INI</strong> 和 <strong>TOML</strong> 通常用于简单直观的配置需求。</li>
<li><strong>YAML</strong> 和 <strong>HCL</strong> 适合处理复杂的层次结构，广泛应用于现代 DevOps 工具。</li>
<li><strong>XML</strong> 因其扩展性和强大的自描述能力，常用于企业级应用。</li>
<li><strong>JSON</strong> 的轻量性和易于交互的特性使其成为 Web 应用的首选。</li>
<li><strong>CSON</strong> 提供了对 CoffeeScript 用户更友好的语法。</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="ini">INI<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#ini" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<p>INI 文件格式（Initialization File）起源于 Windows 操作系统，用于存储程序的设置。它由节、键和值组成，结构简单直观。INI 文件因其易于编辑和理解，以及良好的人类可读性，被广泛用于应用程序的配置。虽然在功能上比较基础，但 INI 文件依然在许多现代应用程序中发挥作用，特别是在需要简单配置而不涉及复杂层次结构的场合。</p>
<h3 id="基础语法和结构">基础语法和结构<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#基础语法和结构" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>INI 文件的结构基于“节”（sections）和“键值对”（key-value pairs）。文本以方括号括起的标题开始，表示一个节，节下方跟随键值对，键与值之间用等号（=）连接。例如：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="ini" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="ini" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">[database]</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">server</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> = 192.168.1.1</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">port</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> = 3306</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">username</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> = admin</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">password</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> = admin123</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<p>在这个例子中，<code>database</code> 是一个节，而 <code>server</code>、<code>port</code>、<code>username</code> 和 <code>password</code> 是键，右侧的内容则是对应的值。注释可以通过在行首添加分号（;）或井号（#）来实现。</p>
<h3 id="应用案例">应用案例<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#应用案例" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<ul>
<li><strong>应用配置</strong>：INI 文件经常用于存储应用程序的配置设置。例如，一个视频游戏可能使用 INI 文件来保存用户的视频设置和偏好控制配置。</li>
<li><strong>服务配置</strong>：在许多传统服务器软件中，INI 文件被用来配置服务器的基本属性，如数据库连接详情和网络设置。</li>
<li><strong>开发环境设置</strong>：一些开发工具和环境（如 PHP 的 <code>php.ini</code>）使用 INI 文件来调整环境设置，影响语言的功能和性能。</li>
</ul>
<p>INI 文件的简洁性使其在不需要复杂数据结构的场景中非常适用，尤其是在快速开发和原型制作阶段。尽管现代开发趋向于使用更灵活的格式如 JSON 或 YAML，INI 文件仍保留了其实用性和便捷性。</p>
<h2 id="yaml">YAML<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#yaml" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<p>YAML（YAML Ain’t Markup Language）是一种以数据作为中心的序列化格式，设计理念是易于阅读和书写，同时具有一定的可扩展性。YAML 特别适用于配置文件、数据交换和复杂数据结构的存储，常被用于现代开发环境和应用，如容器编排和 DevOps 场景。</p>
<h3 id="基础语法和结构-1">基础语法和结构<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#基础语法和结构-1" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>YAML 的数据结构由映射（键值对）、序列（列表）和标量（单个的、不可再分的值）组成。重要的特点包括：</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>缩进</strong>：用于表示层级关系，缩进方式代表数据结构的嵌套。</li>
<li><strong>列表</strong>：使用破折号（<code>-</code>）开始新的列表项。</li>
<li><strong>字典</strong>：键后面跟一个冒号和一个空格，用以分隔键和值。</li>
</ul>
<p>示例：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">users</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">John Doe</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> age</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">30</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Jane Smith</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> age</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">25</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">settings</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> color</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">blue</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> enabled</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">true</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="应用案例-1">应用案例<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#应用案例-1" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<ul>
<li><strong>Kubernetes</strong>：YAML 用于定义容器和服务的配置，如 Pods、Deployments 等。</li>
<li><strong>CI/CD 管道</strong>：如 GitLab CI 和 GitHub Actions 中定义作业和工作流。</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="xml">XML<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#xml" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<p>XML（eXtensible Markup Language）是一种广泛使用的标记语言，旨在存储和传输数据。它的设计允许用户定义自己的标记元素，使得 XML 非常适合跨平台的数据交换和文档编制。</p>
<h3 id="基础语法和结构-2">基础语法和结构<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#基础语法和结构-2" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>XML 的基础构造包括：</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>标签</strong>：定义开始 <code>&lt;tag></code> 和结束 <code>&lt;/tag></code> 标签。</li>
<li><strong>属性</strong>：在开始标签中定义，用来存储有关元素的额外信息。</li>
<li><strong>嵌套</strong>：元素可以包含其他元素，形成复杂的树状结构。</li>
</ul>
<p>示例：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="xml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="xml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">person</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">></span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &lt;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">>John Doe&lt;/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">></span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &lt;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">age</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">>30&lt;/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">age</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">></span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &lt;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">address</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> city</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;New York&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> /></span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">person</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">></span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="应用案例-2">应用案例<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#应用案例-2" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<ul>
<li><strong>企业级系统</strong>：用于配置文件和数据交换。</li>
<li><strong>Web 服务</strong>：SOAP 协议中通常使用 XML 来编码消息。</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="json">JSON<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#json" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<p>JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) 是一种轻量级的数据交换格式，易于人阅读和编写，也易于机器解析和生成。JSON 的设计是为了简化服务器到页面的数据交换，现在被广泛使用于许多编程语言。</p>
<h3 id="基础语法和结构-3">基础语法和结构<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#基础语法和结构-3" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>JSON 主要由两种结构组成：</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>对象</strong>：由花括号包围的一组无序的“键/值对”。</li>
<li><strong>数组</strong>：由方括号包围的值的有序集合。</li>
</ul>
<p>示例：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="json" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="json" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> &quot;users&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: [</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> {</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">&quot;name&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;John Doe&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">&quot;age&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">30</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">},</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> {</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">&quot;name&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Jane Smith&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">&quot;age&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">25</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> ],</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> &quot;settings&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: {</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> &quot;color&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;blue&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> &quot;enabled&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> }</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="应用案例-3">应用案例<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#应用案例-3" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<ul>
<li><strong>API 数据交换</strong>：广泛用于 Web API 中数据的发送和接收。</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="toml">TOML<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#toml" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<p>TOML（Tom’s Obvious, Minimal Language）是一种旨在简单和明确的数据序列化格式。它的设计哲学是易于阅读与编写，且明确无误，常用于配置文件。</p>
<h3 id="基础语法和结构-4">基础语法和结构<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#基础语法和结构-4" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>TOML 支持表格、内联表、数组等结构，语法清晰直观：</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>表</strong>：表示为键值对的集合。</li>
<li><strong>内联表</strong>：在同一行定义完整的表。</li>
<li><strong>数组</strong>：一系列值，可以包含表或基本数据类型。</li>
</ul>
<p>示例：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="toml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="toml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">database</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">server = </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;192.168.1.1&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">ports = [ </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">8001</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">8001</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">8002</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> ]</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">connection_max = </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">5000</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">enabled = </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">clients</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">data = [ [</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;gamma&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;delta&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">], [</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">] ]</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 内联表</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">owner = { name = </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Tom Preston-Werner&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, dob = </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">1979-05-27T07:32:00Z</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> }</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="应用案例-4">应用案例<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#应用案例-4" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<ul>
<li><strong>软件项目配置</strong>：如 Rust 项目中 Cargo 的 <code>Cargo.toml</code> 配置文件。</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="格式对比">格式对比<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#格式对比" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<div class="table-container"><table><thead><tr><th>特征 / 格式</th><th>INI</th><th>YAML</th><th>XML</th><th>JSON</th><th>TOML</th><th>HCL</th><th>CSON</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>易于阅读</strong></td><td>⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐</td><td>⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐</td></tr><tr><td><strong>易于书写</strong></td><td>⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐</td><td>⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐</td></tr><tr><td><strong>数据结构</strong></td><td>⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐</td><td>⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐</td></tr><tr><td><strong>扩展性</strong></td><td>⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐</td></tr><tr><td><strong>注释支持</strong></td><td>✅</td><td>✅</td><td>✅</td><td>❌</td><td>✅</td><td>✅</td><td>✅</td></tr><tr><td><strong>适用场景</strong></td><td>应用程序配置</td><td>DevOps、复杂配置</td><td>企业级数据交换</td><td>Web 应用</td><td>项目配置</td><td>资源描述</td><td>CoffeeScript 环境</td></tr></tbody></table></div></article><hr/><div class="page-footer"></div></div><div class="right sidebar"><div class="graph"><h3>关系图谱</h3><div class="graph-outer"><div id="graph-container" data-cfg="{&quot;drag&quot;:true,&quot;zoom&quot;:true,&quot;depth&quot;:1,&quot;scale&quot;:1.1,&quot;repelForce&quot;:0.5,&quot;centerForce&quot;:0.3,&quot;linkDistance&quot;:30,&quot;fontSize&quot;:0.6,&quot;opacityScale&quot;:1,&quot;showTags&quot;:true,&quot;removeTags&quot;:[],&quot;focusOnHover&quot;:false}"></div><button id="global-graph-icon" aria-label="Global Graph"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 55 55" fill="currentColor" xml:space="preserve"><path d="M49,0c-3.309,0-6,2.691-6,6c0,1.035,0.263,2.009,0.726,2.86l-9.829,9.829C32.542,17.634,30.846,17,29,17
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