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<html lang="zh"><head><title>PowerShell 入门</title><meta charset="utf-8"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=IBM Plex Mono&amp;family=Noto Serif Simplified Chinese:wght@400;700&amp;family=Source Sans Pro:ital,wght@0,400;0,600;1,400;1,600&amp;display=swap"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/><meta property="og:title" content="PowerShell 入门"/><meta property="og:description" content="PowerShell 入门."/><meta property="og:image" content="https://wiki.7wate.com/static/og-image.png"/><meta property="og:width" content="1200"/><meta property="og:height" content="675"/><link rel="icon" href="../../../../static/icon.png"/><meta name="description" content="PowerShell 入门."/><meta name="generator" content="Quartz"/><link href="../../../../index.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" spa-preserve/><link href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/KaTeX/0.16.9/katex.min.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" spa-preserve/><script src="../../../../prescript.js" type="application/javascript" spa-preserve></script><script type="application/javascript" spa-preserve>const fetchData = fetch("../../../../static/contentIndex.json").then(data => data.json())</script></head><body data-slug="Technology/GettingStarted/命令行工具/PowerShell/PowerShell-入门"><div id="quartz-root" class="page"><div id="quartz-body"><div class="left sidebar"><h2 class="page-title"><a href="../../../..">🪴 X·Eden</a></h2><div class="spacer mobile-only"></div><div class="search"><button class="search-button" id="search-button"><p>搜索</p><svg role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 19.9 19.7"><title>Search</title><g class="search-path" fill="none"><path stroke-linecap="square" d="M18.5 18.3l-5.4-5.4"></path><circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7"></circle></g></svg></button><div id="search-container"><div id="search-space"><input autocomplete="off" id="search-bar" name="search" type="text" aria-label="搜索些什么" placeholder="搜索些什么"/><div id="search-layout" data-preview="true"></div></div></div></div><button class="darkmode" id="darkmode"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" id="dayIcon" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 35 35" style="enable-background:new 0 0 35 35" xml:space="preserve" aria-label="暗色模式"><title>暗色模式</title><path d="M6,17.5C6,16.672,5.328,16,4.5,16h-3C0.672,16,0,16.672,0,17.5 S0.672,19,1.5,19h3C5.328,19,6,18.328,6,17.5z M7.5,26c-0.414,0-0.789,0.168-1.061,0.439l-2,2C4.168,28.711,4,29.086,4,29.5 C4,30.328,4.671,31,5.5,31c0.414,0,0.789-0.168,1.06-0.44l2-2C8.832,28.289,9,27.914,9,27.5C9,26.672,8.329,26,7.5,26z M17.5,6 C18.329,6,19,5.328,19,4.5v-3C19,0.672,18.329,0,17.5,0S16,0.672,16,1.5v3C16,5.328,16.671,6,17.5,6z M27.5,9 c0.414,0,0.789-0.168,1.06-0.439l2-2C30.832,6.289,31,5.914,31,5.5C31,4.672,30.329,4,29.5,4c-0.414,0-0.789,0.168-1.061,0.44 l-2,2C26.168,6.711,26,7.086,26,7.5C26,8.328,26.671,9,27.5,9z M6.439,8.561C6.711,8.832,7.086,9,7.5,9C8.328,9,9,8.328,9,7.5 c0-0.414-0.168-0.789-0.439-1.061l-2-2C6.289,4.168,5.914,4,5.5,4C4.672,4,4,4.672,4,5.5c0,0.414,0.168,0.789,0.439,1.06 L6.439,8.561z M33.5,16h-3c-0.828,0-1.5,0.672-1.5,1.5s0.672,1.5,1.5,1.5h3c0.828,0,1.5-0.672,1.5-1.5S34.328,16,33.5,16z M28.561,26.439C28.289,26.168,27.914,26,27.5,26c-0.828,0-1.5,0.672-1.5,1.5c0,0.414,0.168,0.789,0.439,1.06l2,2 C28.711,30.832,29.086,31,29.5,31c0.828,0,1.5-0.672,1.5-1.5c0-0.414-0.168-0.789-0.439-1.061L28.561,26.439z M17.5,29 c-0.829,0-1.5,0.672-1.5,1.5v3c0,0.828,0.671,1.5,1.5,1.5s1.5-0.672,1.5-1.5v-3C19,29.672,18.329,29,17.5,29z M17.5,7 C11.71,7,7,11.71,7,17.5S11.71,28,17.5,28S28,23.29,28,17.5S23.29,7,17.5,7z M17.5,25c-4.136,0-7.5-3.364-7.5-7.5 c0-4.136,3.364-7.5,7.5-7.5c4.136,0,7.5,3.364,7.5,7.5C25,21.636,21.636,25,17.5,25z"></path></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1"
<h3 id="概述">概述<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#概述" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>PowerShell 是由微软开发的一种跨平台任务自动化和配置管理框架，由命令行 Shell 和脚本语言组成。它基于 .NET 框架，可以运行在 Windows、MacOS 和 Linux 系统上。PowerShell 的强大之处在于其能够访问和管理系统的所有资源，包括文件系统、注册表、网络等。它不仅适用于系统管理员进行日常管理任务的自动化，还适用于开发者进行复杂的脚本编写和配置管理。通过 PowerShell，用户可以轻松地执行复杂的操作任务，自动化日常管理工作，简化运维流程，并提高工作效率。</p>
<p>**PowerShell 通过 cmdlet（发音为 “command-let”）来执行任务。**每个 cmdlet 通常由一个动词和一个名词组成，例如 <code>Get-Process</code> 用于获取进程信息。PowerShell 还支持面向对象的管道（Pipeline），允许 cmdlet 之间传递对象，而不仅仅是文本，这使得数据处理更加直观和强大。</p>
<h3 id="发展历史">发展历史<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#发展历史" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<h4 id="初期发展">初期发展<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#初期发展" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p><strong>2006 年：Windows PowerShell 1.0</strong> PowerShell 最初在 2006 年作为 Windows PowerShell 1.0 发布。这一版本基于 .NET Framework，旨在为系统管理员提供一种强大的命令行工具，用于自动化日常管理任务。1.0 版本的发布标志着微软在命令行和脚本语言方面迈出了重要的一步。</p>
<h4 id="版本演进">版本演进<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#版本演进" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p><strong>2008 年：Windows PowerShell 2.0</strong> 2008 年，微软发布了 Windows PowerShell 2.0。此版本引入了许多新功能，包括 PowerShell ISE（集成脚本环境）、高级函数、远程处理（Remoting）和模块（Modules）等。这些功能显著增强了 PowerShell 的灵活性和扩展性，使其成为一个更加全面的管理工具。</p>
<p><strong>2012 年：Windows PowerShell 3.0</strong> Windows PowerShell 3.0 在 2012 年随 Windows Server 2012 和 Windows 8 一同发布。此版本进一步增强了脚本语言的功能，引入了工作流（Workflows）和改进的 cmdlet，增强了对任务自动化的支持。</p>
<p><strong>2013 年：Windows PowerShell 4.0</strong> 2013 年发布的 Windows PowerShell 4.0 主要带来了 DSC（Desired State Configuration）功能，使管理员能够声明性地配置和管理系统，确保系统处于期望的状态。</p>
<p><strong>2016 年：Windows PowerShell 5.0</strong> Windows PowerShell 5.0 于 2016 年发布，进一步引入了许多新功能，如类和枚举、自定义模块仓库、改进的 PowerShell ISE 以及增强的 DSC 功能。</p>
<h4 id="开源与跨平台">开源与跨平台<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#开源与跨平台" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p><strong>2016 年：PowerShell Core 6.0</strong> 2016 年，微软宣布 PowerShell 开源，并发布了 PowerShell Core 6.0。这是一个基于 .NET Core 的跨平台版本，能够在 Windows、MacOS 和 Linux 上运行。PowerShell Core 的发布标志着 PowerShell 从 Windows 独有工具转变为一个真正的跨平台管理框架。</p>
<h4 id="统一版本">统一版本<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#统一版本" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p><strong>2020 年：PowerShell 7</strong> 2020 年，微软发布了 PowerShell 7。这一版本基于 .NET Core 3.1，进一步改进了跨平台兼容性，并统一了 Windows PowerShell 和 PowerShell Core 的功能和体验。PowerShell 7 的发布标志着 PowerShell 进入了一个新的时代，提供了更高效、更灵活的自动化和管理解决方案。</p>
<h4 id="未来发展">未来发展<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#未来发展" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p><strong>持续更新与社区参与</strong> PowerShell 的发展一直得到社区的积极参与和贡献。微软通过 GitHub 开放源码，接受社区的反馈和贡献，使 PowerShell 不断演进和改进。PowerShell 7 之后的版本将继续增强性能、扩展功能，并进一步提升跨平台支持。</p>
<h3 id="powershell-与其他-shell-的对比">PowerShell 与其他 Shell 的对比<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#powershell-与其他-shell-的对比" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<div class="table-container"><table><thead><tr><th>比较维度</th><th>PowerShell</th><th>CMD</th><th>Bash</th><th>Zsh</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>平台支持</strong></td><td>跨平台（Windows, Mac, Linux）</td><td>Windows</td><td>Unix 系统（Linux, Mac）</td><td>Unix 系统（Linux, Mac）</td></tr><tr><td><strong>开发公司</strong></td><td>微软</td><td>微软</td><td>GNU</td><td>开源社区</td></tr><tr><td><strong>对象模型</strong></td><td>面向对象，操作 .NET 对象</td><td>基于字符串处理</td><td>基于字符串处理</td><td>基于字符串处理</td></tr><tr><td><strong>管道机制</strong></td><td>支持对象管道</td><td>不支持</td><td>支持字符串管道</td><td>支持字符串管道</td></tr><tr><td><strong>脚本扩展名</strong></td><td>.ps1</td><td>.bat, .cmd</td><td>.sh</td><td>.zsh</td></tr><tr><td><strong>主要用途</strong></td><td>系统管理、自动化脚本</td><td>简单任务自动化、批处理</td><td>系统管理、自动化脚本、服务器管理</td><td>系统管理、自动化脚本、服务器管理</td></tr><tr><td><strong>交互界面</strong></td><td>图形界面（PowerShell ISE, VS Code）</td><td>无图形界面</td><td>无图形界面</td><td>无图形界面</td></tr><tr><td><strong>错误处理</strong></td><td>高级错误处理机制（try/catch）</td><td>简单的错误处理（if errorlevel）</td><td>基本错误处理</td><td>基本错误处理</td></tr><tr><td><strong>模块系统</strong></td><td>丰富的模块和包管理系统（PSGallery）</td><td>无模块系统</td><td>基于文件和库</td><td>基于文件和库</td></tr><tr><td><strong>脚本调试</strong></td><td>强大的调试工具（断点、变量监视）</td><td>无直接调试工具</td><td>基本调试工具（set -x, trap）</td><td>基本调试工具（set -x, trap）</td></tr><tr><td><strong>命令别名</strong></td><td>支持丰富的命令别名</td><td>支持少量命令别名</td><td>支持命令别名</td><td>支持强大的命令别名（包括 Bash 支持的所有别名）</td></tr><tr><td><strong>扩展性</strong></td><td>高度扩展性，通过 .NET 库和第三方模块</td><td>低扩展性</td><td>中等扩展性，通过脚本和第三方工具</td><td>高度扩展性，通过插件系统</td></tr><tr><td><strong>内置命令</strong></td><td>丰富的内置 cmdlet 和函数</td><td>基本的内置命令</td><td>丰富的内置命令</td><td>丰富的内置命令</td></tr><tr><td><strong>学习曲线</strong></td><td>相对陡峭，需要了解 .NET 对象模型</td><td>平缓，易于上手</td><td>中等，需要了解 Unix 系统和命令</td><td>中等，需要了解 Unix 系统和命令</td></tr><tr><td><strong>文档支持</strong></td><td>强大的内置帮助系统（Get-Help）</td><td>基本的帮助命令（help, /?）</td><td>丰富的在线文档和社区支持</td><td>丰富的在线文档和社区支持</td></tr><tr><td><strong>社区支持</strong></td><td>活跃的官方和社区支持</td><td>基本的官方和社区支持</td><td>广泛的社区支持</td><td>广泛的社区支持</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<h2 id="安装与配置">安装与配置<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#安装与配置" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<ol>
<li>**下载：**从 <a href="https://github.com/PowerShell/PowerShell" class="external">PowerShell GitHub 页面<svg aria-hidden="true" class="external-icon" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M320 0H288V64h32 82.7L201.4 265.4 178.7 288 224 333.3l22.6-22.6L448 109.3V192v32h64V192 32 0H480 320zM32 32H0V64 480v32H32 456h32V480 352 320H424v32 96H64V96h96 32V32H160 32z"></path></svg></a> 下载最新的 PowerShell 安装包。</li>
<li>**安装：**使用包管理器或者双击安装包，并按照提示进行安装。</li>
<li>**运行：**安装完成后，Windows 可以通过 Start 菜单启动 PowerShell，类 Unix 系统可以通过终端输入 <code>pwsh</code> 启动 PowerShell。</li>
<li>**更新：**可以通过 <code>Update-Help</code> 命令更新帮助文件，以便获取最新的帮助文档。</li>
<li><strong>设置执行策略（可选）</strong>：PowerShell 的执行策略决定了脚本能否在系统上运行。可以使用 <code>Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned</code> 允许本地脚本和从受信任来源下载的脚本运行。</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="基础命令与语法">基础命令与语法<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#基础命令与语法" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<h3 id="命令基础">命令基础<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#命令基础" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>PowerShell 中的命令被称为 cmdlet（发音为 “command-let”）。每个 cmdlet 通常由一个动词和一个名词组成，例如 <code>Get-Process</code>、<code>Set-Location</code>。cmdlet 具有一致的命名规范和结构，使得命令的学习和使用更加直观和简单。可以通过以下命令获取系统中的所有 cmdlet 列表：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="powershell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="powershell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">Get-Command</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<p>此外，<code>Get-Command</code> 还可以用于查找特定的命令或 cmdlet。例如，要查找所有与 “process” 相关的命令，可以使用：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="powershell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="powershell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">Get-Command</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> *process*</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="cmdlet-结构动词---名词">cmdlet 结构（动词 - 名词）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#cmdlet-结构动词---名词" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>**PowerShell 的 cmdlet 以 “动词-名词” 形式命名，动词描述动作，名词描述操作对象。**例如：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="powershell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="powershell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">Get-Process</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 获取当前运行的进程</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">Set-Location</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 设置当前工作目录</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h4 id="常见动词">常见动词<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#常见动词" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<div class="table-container"><table><thead><tr><th>动词</th><th>用途说明</th><th>示例</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>Get</code></td><td>获取信息或对象</td><td><code>Get-Process</code> 获取当前运行的进程</td></tr><tr><td><code>Set</code></td><td>设置或配置对象</td><td><code>Set-Location</code> 设置当前工作目录</td></tr><tr><td><code>New</code></td><td>创建新的对象</td><td><code>New-Item</code> 创建新文件或目录</td></tr><tr><td><code>Remove</code></td><td>删除对象</td><td><code>Remove-Item</code> 删除文件或目录</td></tr><tr><td><code>Start</code></td><td>启动操作或进程</td><td><code>Start-Process</code> 启动一个进程</td></tr><tr><td><code>Stop</code></td><td>停止操作或进程</td><td><code>Stop-Process</code> 停止一个进程</td></tr><tr><td><code>Restart</code></td><td>重启操作或进程</td><td><code>Restart-Service</code> 重启服务</td></tr><tr><td><code>Test</code></td><td>测试或验证操作</td><td><code>Test-Connection</code> 测试网络连接</td></tr><tr><td><code>Invoke</code></td><td>执行操作</td><td><code>Invoke-Command</code> 执行命令</td></tr><tr><td><code>Export</code></td><td>导出数据或对象</td><td><code>Export-Csv</code> 导出到 CSV 文件</td></tr><tr><td><code>Import</code></td><td>导入数据或对象</td><td><code>Import-Csv</code> 从 CSV 文件导入数据</td></tr><tr><td><code>Out</code></td><td>输出数据到目标</td><td><code>Out-File</code> 输出到文件</td></tr><tr><td><code>Write</code></td><td>写入数据到目标</td><td><code>Write-Output</code> 写入输出流</td></tr><tr><td><code>Read</code></td><td>读取数据</td><td><code>Read-Host</code> 从用户输入读取数据</td></tr><tr><td><code>Enable</code></td><td>启用对象</td><td><code>Enable-PSRemoting</code> 启用远程处理</td></tr><tr><td><code>Disable</code></td><td>禁用对象</td><td><code>Disable-PSRemoting</code> 禁用远程处理</td></tr><tr><td><code>Clear</code></td><td>清除数据或对象</td><td><code>Clear-Content</code> 清除文件内容</td></tr><tr><td><code>Select</code></td><td>选择数据或对象</td><td><code>Select-Object</code> 选择对象的属性</td></tr><tr><td><code>Measure</code></td><td>计算或测量数据</td><td><code>Measure-Object</code> 计算对象的属性</td></tr><tr><td><code>Compare</code></td><td>比较数据或对象</td><td><code>Compare-Object</code> 比较对象</td></tr><tr><td><code>Convert</code></td><td>转换数据格式</td><td><code>ConvertTo-Json</code> 转换为 JSON 格式</td></tr><tr><td><code>Sort</code></td><td>排序数据</td><td><code>Sort-Object</code> 对对象进行排序</td></tr><tr><td><code>Group</code></td><td>分组数据</td><td><code>Group-Object</code> 对对象进行分组</td></tr><tr><td><code>Join</code></td><td>连接数据</td><td><code>Join-Path</code> 连接路径</td></tr><tr><td><code>Split</code></td><td>分割数据</td><td><code>Split-Path</code> 分割路径</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<h3 id="管道pipeline和对象流">管道（Pipeline）和对象流<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#管道pipeline和对象流" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>PowerShell 的一个重要特性是管道（Pipeline），允许将一个 cmdlet 的输出直接传递给下一个 cmdlet 作为输入。管道在 PowerShell 中不仅传递文本，还可以传递对象，这使得数据处理更加直观和灵活。例如：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="powershell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="powershell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 上获取所有进程，并筛选出 CPU 使用率大于 100 的进程。</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">Get-Process</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> |</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> Where-Object</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> { </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">$_</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">.CPU </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">-gt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 100</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> }</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<p>在这个示例中，<code>Get-Process</code> cmdlet 的输出传递给 <code>Where-Object</code> cmdlet 进行过滤。<code>$_</code> 是管道中的当前对象，<code>$_</code> 后面可以跟对象的属性进行操作。</p>
<p>管道的另一个常见用法是将多个 cmdlet 串联起来以完成复杂任务。例如：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="powershell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="powershell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 获取所有运行的服务，筛选出已停止的服务，并重新启动它们</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">Get-Service</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> |</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> Where-Object</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> { </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">$_</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">.Status </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">-eq</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 'Stopped'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> } </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">|</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> Start-Service</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="获取帮助和使用-get-help">获取帮助和使用 Get-Help<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#获取帮助和使用-get-help" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>PowerShell 提供了强大的内置帮助系统，可以通过 <code>Get-Help</code> 命令获取详细的帮助信息。<code>Get-Help</code> 是学习和查找 cmdlet 详细信息的最佳方式。例如，要了解 <code>Get-Process</code> cmdlet，可以使用：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="powershell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="powershell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">Get-Help</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> Get-Process</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<p>使用 <code>Update-Help</code> 命令可以更新本地的帮助文件，以确保获取到最新的帮助信息：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="powershell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="powershell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">Update-Help</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h2 id="核心概念">核心概念<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#核心概念" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<h3 id="变量">变量<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#变量" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>在 PowerShell 中，变量以 <code>$</code> 符号开头，并且是动态类型的。这意味着你可以在变量中存储任何类型的数据，而无需提前声明变量的类型。定义和使用变量的示例如下：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="powershell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="powershell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 定义变量</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">$name </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;John&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">$age </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 30</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">$fruits </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> @</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Apple&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">,</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;Banana&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">,</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;Cherry&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 使用变量</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">Write-Output</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;Name: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">$name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">, Age: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">$age</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">Write-Output</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;Fruits: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">$</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">$fruits</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> -join</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> ', '</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">)</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="数据类型">数据类型<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#数据类型" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<div class="table-container"><table><thead><tr><th>数据类型</th><th>描述</th><th>示例</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>字符串（String）</td><td>文本数据</td><td><code>$string = &quot;Hello, World!&quot;</code></td></tr><tr><td>整数（Integer）</td><td>整数型数值</td><td><code>$integer = 42</code></td></tr><tr><td>浮点数（Float）</td><td>浮点型数值</td><td><code>$float = 3.14</code></td></tr><tr><td>数组（Array）</td><td>有序集合</td><td><code>$array = @(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)</code></td></tr><tr><td>哈希表（Hashtable）</td><td>键值对集合</td><td><code>$hashtable = @{ Name = &quot;Alice&quot;; Age = 25 }</code></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<h3 id="算术运算符">算术运算符<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#算术运算符" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<div class="table-container"><table><thead><tr><th>运算符</th><th>描述</th><th>示例</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>+</code></td><td>加法</td><td><code>$a + $b</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>-</code></td><td>减法</td><td><code>$a - $b</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>*</code></td><td>乘法</td><td><code>$a * $b</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>/</code></td><td>除法</td><td><code>$a / $b</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>%</code></td><td>取模（余数）</td><td><code>$a % $b</code></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<h3 id="比较运算符">比较运算符<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#比较运算符" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<div class="table-container"><table><thead><tr><th>运算符</th><th>描述</th><th>示例</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>-eq</code></td><td>等于</td><td><code>$a -eq $b</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>-ne</code></td><td>不等于</td><td><code>$a -ne $b</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>-gt</code></td><td>大于</td><td><code>$a -gt $b</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>-ge</code></td><td>大于或等于</td><td><code>$a -ge $b</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>-lt</code></td><td>小于</td><td><code>$a -lt $b</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>-le</code></td><td>小于或等于</td><td><code>$a -le $b</code></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<h3 id="逻辑运算符">逻辑运算符<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#逻辑运算符" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<div class="table-container"><table><thead><tr><th>运算符</th><th>描述</th><th>示例</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>-and</code></td><td>与</td><td><code>$a -and $b</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>-or</code></td><td>或</td><td><code>$a -or $b</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>-not</code></td><td>非</td><td><code>-not $a</code></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<h3 id="特殊运算符">特殊运算符<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#特殊运算符" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<div class="table-container"><table><thead><tr><th>运算符</th><th>描述</th><th>示例</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>-match</code></td><td>正则表达式匹配</td><td><code>$string -match &quot;Power&quot;</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>-like</code></td><td>通配符匹配</td><td><code>$string -like &quot;Power*&quot;</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>-contains</code></td><td>检查数组是否包含元素</td><td><code>$array -contains 3</code></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<h2 id="流程控制">流程控制<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#流程控制" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<h3 id="条件语句">条件语句<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#条件语句" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<h4 id="ifelse-语句">if/else 语句<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#ifelse-语句" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p><code>if</code> 语句用于根据条件执行不同的代码块。<code>else</code> 和 <code>elseif</code> 子句可以用于添加更多条件：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="powershell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="powershell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">$a </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 10</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">if</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> ($a </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">-gt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 5</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> Write-Output</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;a is greater than 5&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">} </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">elseif</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> ($a </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">-eq</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 5</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> Write-Output</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;a is equal to 5&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">} </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">else</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> Write-Output</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;a is less than 5&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h4 id="switch-语句">switch 语句<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#switch-语句" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p><code>switch</code> 语句用于根据多个条件执行不同的代码块，可以替代多个 <code>if/else</code> 语句：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="powershell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="powershell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">$day </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;Tuesday&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">switch</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> ($day) {</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;Monday&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> { </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">Write-Output</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;Today is Monday&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> }</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;Tuesday&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> { </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">Write-Output</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;Today is Tuesday&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> }</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;Wednesday&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> { </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">Write-Output</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;Today is Wednesday&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> }</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> default</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> { </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">Write-Output</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;Today is another day&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> }</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="循环语句">循环语句<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#循环语句" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<h4 id="for-循环">for 循环<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#for-循环" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p><code>for</code> 循环用于执行一组语句一定次数，通常用于需要明确循环次数的情况：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="powershell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="powershell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">for</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> ($i </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">; $i </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">-lt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 5</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">; $i</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">++</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> Write-Output</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;Iteration </span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">$i</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h4 id="foreach-循环">foreach 循环<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#foreach-循环" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p><code>foreach</code> 循环用于遍历数组或集合中的每个元素：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="powershell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="powershell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">$array </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> @</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">,</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 2</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">,</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 3</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">,</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 4</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">,</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 5</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">foreach</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> ($item </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">in</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> $array) {</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> Write-Output</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;Item: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">$item</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h4 id="while-循环">while 循环<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#while-循环" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p><code>while</code> 循环在指定条件为真时重复执行一组语句。适用于条件未知，需要动态检查的情况：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="powershell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="powershell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">$i </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">while</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> ($i </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">-lt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 5</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> Write-Output</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;Iteration </span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">$i</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> $i</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">++</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h4 id="do-while-循环">do-while 循环<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#do-while-循环" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p><code>do-while</code> 循环与 <code>while</code> 循环类似，但它至少会执行一次循环体，然后在循环体末尾检查条件：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="powershell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="powershell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">$i </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">do</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> Write-Output</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;Iteration </span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">$i</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> $i</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">++</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">} </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">while</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> ($i </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">-lt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 5</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h2 id="脚本编写">脚本编写<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#脚本编写" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<p>PowerShell 脚本文件的扩展名为 <code>.ps1</code>。可以使用任何文本编辑器编写脚本，然后在 PowerShell 控制台中运行：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="powershell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="powershell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 示例脚本：hello.ps1</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">$name </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;World&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">Write-Output</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;Hello, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">$name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">!&quot;</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<p>在 PowerShell 控制台中执行脚本：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="powershell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="powershell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">.\hello.ps1</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="脚本参数和参数化脚本">脚本参数和参数化脚本<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#脚本参数和参数化脚本" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>可以通过 <code>param</code> 关键字定义脚本参数，使脚本更灵活和可重用：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="powershell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="powershell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 示例脚本：greet.ps1</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">param</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> (</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">string</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">]$name </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;World&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">Write-Output</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;Hello, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">$name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">!&quot;</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<p>在 PowerShell 控制台中传递参数执行脚本：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="powershell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="powershell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">.\greet.ps1 </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">-</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">name </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Alice&quot;</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="注释和文档">注释和文档<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#注释和文档" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>使用 <code>#</code> 符号添加单行注释，使用 <code>&lt;# ... #></code> 添加多行注释：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="powershell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="powershell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 这是单行注释</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">Write-Output</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;This is a single-line comment.&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;">&lt;#</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;">这是多行注释</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;">可以跨越多行</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;">#></span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">Write-Output</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;This is a multi-line comment.&quot;</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<p>良好的注释习惯可以提高脚本的可读性和维护性。例如：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="powershell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="powershell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 定义变量</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">$name </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;PowerShell&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 变量存储名称</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 输出问候信息</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">Write-Output</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;Hello, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">$name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">!&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 打印问候信息</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="示例代码">示例代码<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#示例代码" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>以下是一个示例代码，展示了如何使用常见的数据类型和运算符，并结合条件语句和循环语句，获取并输出计算机的相关信息。代码包含详细的注释以帮助理解：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="powershell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="powershell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 定义变量</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">$computerName </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;LocalHost&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 计算机名称</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">$memoryThreshold </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 4</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 内存阈值（GB）</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 获取计算机的基本信息</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">$os </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> Get-WmiObject</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> -</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">Class Win32_OperatingSystem</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">$cpu </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> Get-WmiObject</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> -</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">Class Win32_Processor</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">$memory </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> Get-WmiObject</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> -</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">Class Win32_PhysicalMemory</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 输出计算机基本信息</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">Write-Output</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;Computer Name: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">$computerName</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">Write-Output</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;Operating System: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">$</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">$os.Caption</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">)</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">Write-Output</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;OS Version: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">$</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">$os.Version</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">)</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">Write-Output</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;CPU: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">$</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">$cpu.Name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">)</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">Write-Output</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;Total Physical Memory: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">$</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">([</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">math</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">]::round(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">$os.TotalVisibleMemorySize</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> /</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 1</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">MB,</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 2</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">))</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> GB&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 检查物理内存是否低于阈值</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">$totalMemoryGB </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">math</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">]::round($os.TotalVisibleMemorySize </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 1</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">MB,</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 2</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">if</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> ($totalMemoryGB </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">-lt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> $memoryThreshold) {</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> Write-Output</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;Warning: Physical memory is below the threshold of </span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">$memoryThreshold</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> GB.&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">} </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">else</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> Write-Output</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;Physical memory is above the threshold.&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 使用 foreach 循环遍历和输出每条物理内存的信息</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">Write-Output</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;Detailed Physical Memory Info:&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">foreach</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> ($mem </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">in</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> $memory) {</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> $memCapacityGB </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">math</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">]::round($mem.Capacity </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 1</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">GB,</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 2</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> Write-Output</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;Memory Module: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">$</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">$mem.DeviceLocator</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">)</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">, Capacity: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">$memCapacityGB</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> GB&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 使用 for 循环计算并输出每个逻辑磁盘的总大小和可用空间</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">$logicalDisks </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> Get-WmiObject</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> -</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">Class Win32_LogicalDisk </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">-</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">Filter </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;DriveType=3&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 仅获取本地磁盘</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">for</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> ($i </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">; $i </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">-lt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> $logicalDisks.Count; $i</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">++</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">) {</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> $disk </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> $logicalDisks[$i]</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> $totalSizeGB </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">math</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">]::round($disk.Size </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 1</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">GB,</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 2</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> $freeSpaceGB </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">math</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">]::round($disk.FreeSpace </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 1</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">GB,</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 2</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> Write-Output</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;Drive: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">$</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">$disk.DeviceID</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">)</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">, Total Size: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">$totalSizeGB</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> GB, Free Space: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">$freeSpaceGB</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> GB&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 使用 while 循环等待特定进程启动（示例：notepad.exe）</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">$processName </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;notepad.exe&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">Write-Output</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;Waiting for </span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">$processName</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> to start...&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">while</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">-not</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">Get-Process</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> -</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">Name </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;notepad&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> -</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">ErrorAction SilentlyContinue)) {</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> Start-Sleep</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> -</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">Seconds </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">2</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">Write-Output</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">$processName</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> has started.&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 使用 switch 语句输出当前操作系统类型</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">switch</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> ($os.Caption) {</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;Microsoft Windows 10 Pro&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> { </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">Write-Output</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;You are running Windows 10 Pro.&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> }</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;Microsoft Windows Server 2019&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> { </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">Write-Output</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;You are running Windows Server 2019.&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> }</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> default</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> { </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">Write-Output</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;Operating system not recognized.&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> }</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">Write-Output</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;Script execution completed.&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line> </span></code></pre></figure></article><hr/><div class="page-footer"></div></div><div class="right sidebar"><div class="graph"><h3>关系图谱</h3><div class="graph-outer"><div id="graph-container" data-cfg="{&quot;drag&quot;:true,&quot;zoom&quot;:true,&quot;depth&quot;:1,&quot;scale&quot;:1.1,&quot;repelForce&quot;:0.5,&quot;centerForce&quot;:0.3,&quot;linkDistance&quot;:30,&quot;fontSize&quot;:0.6,&quot;opacityScale&quot;:1,&quot;showTags&quot;:true,&quot;removeTags&quot;:[],&quot;focusOnHover&quot;:false}"></div><button id="global-graph-icon" aria-label="Global Graph"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 55 55" fill="currentColor" xml:space="preserve"><path d="M49,0c-3.309,0-6,2.691-6,6c0,1.035,0.263,2.009,0.726,2.86l-9.829,9.829C32.542,17.634,30.846,17,29,17
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