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<html lang="zh"><head><title>DHCP 动态主机配置协议</title><meta charset="utf-8"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=IBM Plex Mono&family=Noto Serif Simplified Chinese:wght@400;700&family=Source Sans Pro:ital,wght@0,400;0,600;1,400;1,600&display=swap"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/><meta property="og:title" content="DHCP 动态主机配置协议"/><meta property="og:description" content="DHCP 动态主机配置协议."/><meta property="og:image" content="https://wiki.7wate.com/static/og-image.png"/><meta property="og:width" content="1200"/><meta property="og:height" content="675"/><link rel="icon" href="../../../static/icon.png"/><meta name="description" content="DHCP 动态主机配置协议."/><meta name="generator" content="Quartz"/><link href="../../../index.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" spa-preserve/><link href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/KaTeX/0.16.9/katex.min.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" spa-preserve/><script src="../../../prescript.js" type="application/javascript" spa-preserve></script><script type="application/javascript" spa-preserve>const fetchData = fetch("../../../static/contentIndex.json").then(data => data.json())</script></head><body data-slug="Technology/ComputerNetwork/网络协议/DHCP-动态主机配置协议"><div id="quartz-root" class="page"><div id="quartz-body"><div class="left sidebar"><h2 class="page-title"><a href="../../..">🪴 X·Eden</a></h2><div class="spacer mobile-only"></div><div class="search"><button class="search-button" id="search-button"><p>搜索</p><svg role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 19.9 19.7"><title>Search</title><g class="search-path" fill="none"><path stroke-linecap="square" d="M18.5 18.3l-5.4-5.4"></path><circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7"></circle></g></svg></button><div id="search-container"><div id="search-space"><input autocomplete="off" id="search-bar" name="search" type="text" aria-label="搜索些什么" placeholder="搜索些什么"/><div id="search-layout" data-preview="true"></div></div></div></div><button class="darkmode" id="darkmode"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" id="dayIcon" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 35 35" style="enable-background:new 0 0 35 35" xml:space="preserve" aria-label="暗色模式"><title>暗色模式</title><path d="M6,17.5C6,16.672,5.328,16,4.5,16h-3C0.672,16,0,16.672,0,17.5 S0.672,19,1.5,19h3C5.328,19,6,18.328,6,17.5z M7.5,26c-0.414,0-0.789,0.168-1.061,0.439l-2,2C4.168,28.711,4,29.086,4,29.5 C4,30.328,4.671,31,5.5,31c0.414,0,0.789-0.168,1.06-0.44l2-2C8.832,28.289,9,27.914,9,27.5C9,26.672,8.329,26,7.5,26z M17.5,6 C18.329,6,19,5.328,19,4.5v-3C19,0.672,18.329,0,17.5,0S16,0.672,16,1.5v3C16,5.328,16.671,6,17.5,6z M27.5,9 c0.414,0,0.789-0.168,1.06-0.439l2-2C30.832,6.289,31,5.914,31,5.5C31,4.672,30.329,4,29.5,4c-0.414,0-0.789,0.168-1.061,0.44 l-2,2C26.168,6.711,26,7.086,26,7.5C26,8.328,26.671,9,27.5,9z M6.439,8.561C6.711,8.832,7.086,9,7.5,9C8.328,9,9,8.328,9,7.5 c0-0.414-0.168-0.789-0.439-1.061l-2-2C6.289,4.168,5.914,4,5.5,4C4.672,4,4,4.672,4,5.5c0,0.414,0.168,0.789,0.439,1.06 L6.439,8.561z M33.5,16h-3c-0.828,0-1.5,0.672-1.5,1.5s0.672,1.5,1.5,1.5h3c0.828,0,1.5-0.672,1.5-1.5S34.328,16,33.5,16z M28.561,26.439C28.289,26.168,27.914,26,27.5,26c-0.828,0-1.5,0.672-1.5,1.5c0,0.414,0.168,0.789,0.439,1.06l2,2 C28.711,30.832,29.086,31,29.5,31c0.828,0,1.5-0.672,1.5-1.5c0-0.414-0.168-0.789-0.439-1.061L28.561,26.439z M17.5,29 c-0.829,0-1.5,0.672-1.5,1.5v3c0,0.828,0.671,1.5,1.5,1.5s1.5-0.672,1.5-1.5v-3C19,29.672,18.329,29,17.5,29z M17.5,7 C11.71,7,7,11.71,7,17.5S11.71,28,17.5,28S28,23.29,28,17.5S23.29,7,17.5,7z M17.5,25c-4.136,0-7.5-3.364-7.5-7.5 c0-4.136,3.364-7.5,7.5-7.5c4.136,0,7.5,3.364,7.5,7.5C25,21.636,21.636,25,17.5,25z"></path></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w
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<h3 id="定义">定义<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#定义" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
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<p>动态主机配置协议(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol,DHCP)是一个网络协议,它能够**动态地分配 IP 地址和其他网络配置参数给网络设备。**该协议由网络工作组(Network Working Group)所开发,是在 TCP/IP 网络环境中的标准化服务。</p>
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<h3 id="历史">历史<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#历史" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
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<p>DHCP 的前身是 Bootstrap 协议(BOOTP),这是一个在 1980 年代为无盘工作站设计的协议,用来动态分配 IP 地址。然而,随着网络环境的不断变化和复杂化,BOOTP 无法满足新的需求。为了解决这个问题,DHCP 在 1993 年被标准化为 RFC1531。</p>
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<h3 id="作用">作用<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#作用" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
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<p>DHCP 最主要的功能是自动分配 IP 地址。网络管理员不需要手动为每台设备配置 IP 地址,从而极大地简化了网络管理工作。除此之外,DHCP 还可以提供其他网络配置信息,如子网掩码、默认网关、DNS 服务器等。</p>
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<h2 id="工作原理">工作原理<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#工作原理" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
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<h3 id="工作流程">工作流程<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#工作流程" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
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<p><strong>DHCP 的工作流程包括四个步骤:发现(Discover)、提供(Offer)、请求(Request)、和应答(Acknowledge)。</strong></p>
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<ol>
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<li>发现:当 DHCP 客户端启动时,会在本地网络上广播一个 DHCP 发现消息,以寻找 DHCP 服务器。</li>
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<li>提供:收到发现消息的 DHCP 服务器会向客户端提供一个 IP 地址和其他网络配置信息。</li>
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<li>请求:客户端在收到提供消息后,会向服务器发送一个请求消息,以接受这个 IP 地址。</li>
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<li>应答:服务器在收到请求消息后,会确认这个 IP 地址已被分配给该客户端。</li>
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</ol>
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<h3 id="消息格式">消息格式<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#消息格式" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
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<p>DHCP 消息是基于 UDP 的,其主要包括以下四个字段:操作码(op)、硬件类型(htype)、硬件地址长度(hlen)以及跳数(hops)。此外,消息还包含一些选项,如 IP 地址的租赁时间、子网掩码等。</p>
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<h3 id="地址租赁过程">地址租赁过程<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#地址租赁过程" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
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<p>当 DHCP 客户端首次连接到网络时,它会开始一个新的地址租赁过程。客户端会首先发送一个 DHCP 发现消息,然后服务器会提供一个 IP 地址。在客户端发送请求消息并得到服务器的确认后,该 IP 地址的租赁就开始了。</p>
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<h3 id="续租和地址释放过程">续租和地址释放过程<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#续租和地址释放过程" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
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<p>在租赁期到达一半时,DHCP 客户端会尝试续租 IP 地址。客户端会向分配该 IP 地址的 DHCP 服务器发送一个 DHCP 请求消息。如果服务器同意续租,它会发送一个 DHCP 应答消息,然后新的租赁期就开始了。</p>
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<p>当 DHCP 客户端不再需要该 IP 地址时,它会发送一个 DHCP 释放消息,通知服务器该地址已经空闲,可以分配给其他设备。</p>
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<h2 id="组成部分">组成部分<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#组成部分" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
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<h3 id="客户端">客户端<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#客户端" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
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<p>DHCP 客户端是请求和使用 DHCP 服务的设备,这些设备通常包括但不限于个人计算机、服务器、路由器以及其他网络设备。当设备连接到网络时,它就成为了一个 DHCP 客户端。客户端负责发送 DHCP 发现、请求和释放消息,并使用由服务器分配的 IP 地址和其他网络配置信息。</p>
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<h3 id="服务器">服务器<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#服务器" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
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<p>DHCP 服务器是提供 DHCP 服务的设备,可以是专门的物理设备,也可以是软件服务器。它管理着一个或多个 IP 地址池,并且还管理着与这些地址相关的配置参数,如子网掩码、默认网关、DNS 服务器等。服务器负责响应 DHCP 发现、请求和释放消息,同时负责分配和管理 IP 地址租赁。此外,服务器还需要维护网络配置的一致性,以防止 IP 地址冲突。</p>
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<h3 id="中继代理">中继代理<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#中继代理" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
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<p>DHCP 中继代理(也称为 DHCP Relay Agent)是一种特殊的网络设备,通常位于与 DHCP 服务器不在同一个子网的地方。它的主要作用是在多个子网之间转发 DHCP 消息。当 DHCP 客户端在本地子网上找不到 DHCP 服务器时,中继代理会将客户端的广播请求消息转发给远程子网上的 DHCP 服务器。同样,中继代理也会将 DHCP 服务器的响应消息转发给本地子网的 DHCP 客户端。通过这种方式,DHCP 中继代理使 DHCP 服务器能够为多个不同的子网提供服务。</p>
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<h2 id="dhcp-与其他技术的关系">DHCP 与其他技术的关系<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#dhcp-与其他技术的关系" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
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<h3 id="dhcp-与-dns">DHCP 与 DNS<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#dhcp-与-dns" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
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<p>动态主机配置协议(DHCP)和域名系统(DNS)在网络配置中扮演着重要的角色。DHCP 负责为网络设备分配 IP 地址,而 DNS 则将域名解析为 IP 地址,使得用户可以通过友好的域名来访问互联网上的服务器。在 DHCP 服务器中可以配置 DNS 服务器的 IP 地址,当 DHCP 客户端请求 IP 地址时,DHCP 服务器可以同时向 DHCP 客户端提供 DNS 服务器的地址。</p>
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<h3 id="dhcp-与-ipv4ipv6">DHCP 与 IPv4/IPv6<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#dhcp-与-ipv4ipv6" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
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<p>DHCP 协议不仅支持 IPv4,也支持 IPv6。对于 IPv4,DHCP 可以动态分配 IP 地址、子网掩码、网关以及 DNS 服务器等网络参数。而对于 IPv6,引入了无状态地址自动配置(SLAAC)和有状态地址配置两种方式。在有状态配置中,DHCPv6 扮演与 DHCP 在 IPv4 网络中相同的角色,负责分配 IPv6 地址以及其他网络配置信息。</p>
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<h3 id="dhcp-与静态-ip-地址">DHCP 与静态 IP 地址<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#dhcp-与静态-ip-地址" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
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<p>DHCP 服务可以动态分配 IP 地址,这意味着设备每次连接网络时,可能会得到不同的 IP 地址。相对的,静态 IP 地址是由网络管理员手动配置的,它不会改变。虽然静态 IP 地址在某些情况下(如服务器)是必需的,但在大多数情况下,使用 DHCP 更为方便,因为它可以自动管理网络配置,从而避免了 IP 地址冲突等问题。</p>
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<h3 id="dhcp-与网络安全">DHCP 与网络安全<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#dhcp-与网络安全" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
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<p>尽管 DHCP 提供了很大的便利性,但如果配置和管理不当,也可能带来安全问题。比如,未经授权的 DHCP 服务器可能会向网络中的设备分配错误的网络配置,从而导致网络服务中断。或者,恶意用户可能通过伪装 DHCP 服务器来进行网络攻击。因此,实施合理的网络策略和安全措施(如 DHCP Snooping)对于保障 DHCP 服务的安全性是必要的。</p>
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<h2 id="问题诊断与解决方法">问题诊断与解决方法<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#问题诊断与解决方法" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
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<h3 id="常见问题及解决方案">常见问题及解决方案<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#常见问题及解决方案" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
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<p>一些常见的 DHCP 问题包括 IP 地址冲突、租赁期过短,以及 DHCP 服务器无法响应请求。这些问题通常可以通过检查 DHCP 服务器的配置来解决,比如检查 IP 地址池的大小,租赁时间的长度,以及服务器的网络连接状态等。</p>
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<h3 id="故障排除工具和技巧">故障排除工具和技巧<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#故障排除工具和技巧" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
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<p>网络管理员可以利用一些工具来帮助他们诊断和解决 DHCP 问题。例如,使用网络嗅探器(如 Wireshark)可以捕获和分析 DHCP 消息,以帮助确定问题的来源。此外,管理员还可以查看 DHCP 服务器的日志,这可以提供关于 DHCP 操作和可能的错误的信息。他们也可以使用命令行工具(如 ipconfig 和 dhcping)来测试 DHCP 服务器的响应。</p></article><hr/><div class="page-footer"></div></div><div class="right sidebar"><div class="graph"><h3>关系图谱</h3><div class="graph-outer"><div id="graph-container" data-cfg="{"drag":true,"zoom":true,"depth":1,"scale":1.1,"repelForce":0.5,"centerForce":0.3,"linkDistance":30,"fontSize":0.6,"opacityScale":1,"showTags":true,"removeTags":[],"focusOnHover":false}"></div><button id="global-graph-icon" aria-label="Global Graph"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 55 55" fill="currentColor" xml:space="preserve"><path d="M49,0c-3.309,0-6,2.691-6,6c0,1.035,0.263,2.009,0.726,2.86l-9.829,9.829C32.542,17.634,30.846,17,29,17
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s-3.542,0.634-4.898,1.688l-7.669-7.669C16.785,10.424,17,9.74,17,9c0-2.206-1.794-4-4-4S9,6.794,9,9s1.794,4,4,4
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c0.74,0,1.424-0.215,2.019-0.567l7.669,7.669C21.634,21.458,21,23.154,21,25s0.634,3.542,1.688,4.897L10.024,42.562
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C8.958,41.595,7.549,41,6,41c-3.309,0-6,2.691-6,6s2.691,6,6,6s6-2.691,6-6c0-1.035-0.263-2.009-0.726-2.86l12.829-12.829
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c1.106,0.86,2.44,1.436,3.898,1.619v10.16c-2.833,0.478-5,2.942-5,5.91c0,3.309,2.691,6,6,6s6-2.691,6-6c0-2.967-2.167-5.431-5-5.91
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v-10.16c1.458-0.183,2.792-0.759,3.898-1.619l7.669,7.669C41.215,39.576,41,40.26,41,41c0,2.206,1.794,4,4,4s4-1.794,4-4
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s-1.794-4-4-4c-0.74,0-1.424,0.215-2.019,0.567l-7.669-7.669C36.366,28.542,37,26.846,37,25s-0.634-3.542-1.688-4.897l9.665-9.665
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C46.042,11.405,47.451,12,49,12c3.309,0,6-2.691,6-6S52.309,0,49,0z M11,9c0-1.103,0.897-2,2-2s2,0.897,2,2s-0.897,2-2,2
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S11,10.103,11,9z M6,51c-2.206,0-4-1.794-4-4s1.794-4,4-4s4,1.794,4,4S8.206,51,6,51z M33,49c0,2.206-1.794,4-4,4s-4-1.794-4-4
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s1.794-4,4-4S33,46.794,33,49z M29,31c-3.309,0-6-2.691-6-6s2.691-6,6-6s6,2.691,6,6S32.309,31,29,31z M47,41c0,1.103-0.897,2-2,2
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s-2-0.897-2-2s0.897-2,2-2S47,39.897,47,41z M49,10c-2.206,0-4-1.794-4-4s1.794-4,4-4s4,1.794,4,4S51.206,10,49,10z"></path></svg></button></div><div id="global-graph-outer"><div id="global-graph-container" data-cfg="{"drag":true,"zoom":true,"depth":-1,"scale":0.9,"repelForce":0.5,"centerForce":0.3,"linkDistance":30,"fontSize":0.6,"opacityScale":1,"showTags":true,"removeTags":[],"focusOnHover":true}"></div></div></div><div class="toc desktop-only"><button type="button" id="toc" class aria-controls="toc-content" aria-expanded="true"><h3>目录</h3><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="fold"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg></button><div id="toc-content" class><ul class="overflow"><li class="depth-0"><a href="#简介" data-for="简介">简介</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#定义" data-for="定义">定义</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#历史" data-for="历史">历史</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#作用" data-for="作用">作用</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#工作原理" data-for="工作原理">工作原理</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#工作流程" data-for="工作流程">工作流程</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#消息格式" data-for="消息格式">消息格式</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#地址租赁过程" data-for="地址租赁过程">地址租赁过程</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#续租和地址释放过程" data-for="续租和地址释放过程">续租和地址释放过程</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#组成部分" data-for="组成部分">组成部分</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#客户端" data-for="客户端">客户端</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#服务器" data-for="服务器">服务器</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#中继代理" data-for="中继代理">中继代理</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#dhcp-与其他技术的关系" data-for="dhcp-与其他技术的关系">DHCP 与其他技术的关系</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#dhcp-与-dns" data-for="dhcp-与-dns">DHCP 与 DNS</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#dhcp-与-ipv4ipv6" data-for="dhcp-与-ipv4ipv6">DHCP 与 IPv4/IPv6</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#dhcp-与静态-ip-地址" data-for="dhcp-与静态-ip-地址">DHCP 与静态 IP 地址</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#dhcp-与网络安全" data-for="dhcp-与网络安全">DHCP 与网络安全</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#问题诊断与解决方法" data-for="问题诊断与解决方法">问题诊断与解决方法</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#常见问题及解决方案" data-for="常见问题及解决方案">常见问题及解决方案</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#故障排除工具和技巧" data-for="故障排除工具和技巧">故障排除工具和技巧</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="explorer mobile-only"><button type="button" id="explorer" data-behavior="collapse" data-collapsed="collapsed" data-savestate="true" data-tree="[{"path":"Personal","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2018","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2020","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2021","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2022","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2023","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2024","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/个人成长","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/医学健康","collapsed
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