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<p>Loguru 是一个非常简单但功能强大的 Python 日志库，它可以让你用极少的代码就实现强大的日志功能。</p>
<h2 id="安装">安装<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#安装" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">pip</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">install</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">loguru</span></span></code></pre></div>
<h2 id="基本用法">基本用法<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#基本用法" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
<h3 id="创建-logger-对象">创建 Logger 对象<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#创建-logger-对象" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="python" data-theme="default"><code data-language="python" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">from</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> loguru </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">import</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> logger</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">logger</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">info</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;Hello， World!&quot;</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">)</span></span></code></pre></div>
<h3 id="设置日志级别">设置日志级别<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#设置日志级别" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
<p>使用 logger 的 level() 方法可以设置日志级别，级别从低到高为：TRACE、DEBUG、INFO、SUCCESS、WARNING、ERROR、CRITICAL。<strong>值得注意的是，Loguru 还提供了一个额外的 SUCCESS 级别。</strong></p>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="python" data-theme="default"><code data-language="python" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">logger</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">level</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;INFO&quot;</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">)</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 设置日志级别为INFO</span></span></code></pre></div>
<p>默认级别为 DEBUG，低于设置级别的日志不会被显示。</p>
<h3 id="输出到控制台">输出到控制台<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#输出到控制台" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
<p>默认 Loguru 会将日志输出到 sys.stderr，你可以通过 add() 指定其他输出方式：</p>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="python" data-theme="default"><code data-language="python" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">logger</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">add</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">(sys.stdout)</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 日志输出到stdout</span></span></code></pre></div>
<h3 id="输出到文件">输出到文件<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#输出到文件" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
<p>输出日志到文件只需要提供文件名，Loguru 会自动处理后续的文件创建及回滚等操作：</p>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="python" data-theme="default"><code data-language="python" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">logger</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">add</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;file.log&quot;</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">)</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 日志输出到file.log文件</span></span></code></pre></div>
<p><strong>Loguru 还提供了“热重载”功能，如果日志文件被删除或移动，将自动创建新的日志文件。</strong></p>
<h2 id="格式化日志">格式化日志<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#格式化日志" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
<p>Loguru 支持非常丰富的参数格式设置，可以完全自定义日志内容和格式。一些常用的参数包括：</p>
<table><thead><tr><th align="left">格式化对象</th><th align="left">格式化语法</th><th align="left">示例</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left">时间</td><td align="left"><code>{time}</code> <code>{time:格式}</code></td><td align="left"><code>{time}</code>, <code>{time:YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss}</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left">级别</td><td align="left"><code>{level}</code></td><td align="left"><code>{level}</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left">消息</td><td align="left"><code>{message}</code></td><td align="left"><code>{message}</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left">模块</td><td align="left"><code>{module}</code></td><td align="left"><code>{module}</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left">函数</td><td align="left"><code>{function}</code></td><td align="left"><code>{function}</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left">行号</td><td align="left"><code>{line}</code></td><td align="left"><code>{line}</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left">进程</td><td align="left"><code>{process}</code></td><td align="left"><code>{process}</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left">线程</td><td align="left"><code>{thread}</code></td><td align="left"><code>{thread}</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left">文件名</td><td align="left"><code>{file}</code></td><td align="left"><code>{file}</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left">Logger 名</td><td align="left"><code>{name}</code></td><td align="left"><code>{name}</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left">异常</td><td align="left"><code>{exception}</code></td><td align="left"><code>{exception}</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left">嵌套</td><td align="left"><code>{time:{hour}}</code></td><td align="left"><code>{time:{hour}}</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left">条件表达式</td><td align="left"><code>{level:样式 if 条件}</code></td><td align="left"><code>{level:红色 if level==&quot;ERROR&quot;}</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left">设置宽度</td><td align="left"><code>{参数:&lt;宽度}</code></td><td align="left"><code>{level:&lt;8}</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left">设置精度</td><td align="left"><code>{参数:.精度}</code></td><td align="left"><code>{level:.2f}</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left">设置颜色</td><td align="left"><code>{参数:&lt;颜色>}</code></td><td align="left"><code>{level:&lt;red>}</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left">设置样式</td><td align="left"><code>{参数:&lt;样式>}</code></td><td align="left"><code>{message:&lt;bold>}</code></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>例如：</p>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="python" data-theme="default"><code data-language="python" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">logger</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">info</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">{time</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">:&lt;12</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">}</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);"> - </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">{level</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">:&lt;8</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">}</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);"> - </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">{message}</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">, </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;Hello， World!&quot;</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">)</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 输出</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 2022-07-14 20：14：32.199 - INFO - Hello， World!</span></span></code></pre></div>
<h2 id="日志文件管理">日志文件管理<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#日志文件管理" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
<p>Loguru 可以方便地对日志文件进行管理。</p>
<h3 id="设置日志文件大小">设置日志文件大小<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#设置日志文件大小" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
<p>通过 <code>rotation</code> 参数可以设置每个日志文件的最大大小：</p>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="python" data-theme="default"><code data-language="python" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">logger</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">add</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;file.log&quot;</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">, rotation</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;500 MB&quot;</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">)</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 设置日志文件最大500MB</span></span></code></pre></div>
<h3 id="设置回滚日志文件个数">设置回滚日志文件个数<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#设置回滚日志文件个数" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
<p>通过 <code>retention</code> 参数可以设置保留的历史日志文件个数：</p>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="python" data-theme="default"><code data-language="python" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">logger</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">add</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;file.log&quot;</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">, rotation</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;500 MB&quot;</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">, retention</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;10&quot;</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">)</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 保留最近10个日志文件</span></span></code></pre></div>
<h3 id="滚动日志文件">滚动日志文件<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#滚动日志文件" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
<p>日志文件到达最大大小后会自动滚动，新的日志写入到新的文件。可以通过 <code>rotate()</code> 主动触发滚动。</p>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="python" data-theme="default"><code data-language="python" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">logger</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">rotate</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;file.log&quot;</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">)</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 手动滚动日志文件</span></span></code></pre></div>
<h2 id="异常捕获">异常捕获<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#异常捕获" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
<p>Loguru 可以非常方便地记录异常信息。</p>
<h3 id="记录异常信息">记录异常信息<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#记录异常信息" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
<p>在 <code>try except</code> 中使用 logger.exception() 可以记录异常堆栈：</p>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="python" data-theme="default"><code data-language="python" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">try</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">1</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">/</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">0</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">except</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> logger</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">exception</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;Catch an exception.&quot;</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">)</span></span></code></pre></div>
<p>它会打印出完整的异常信息，像正常的 traceback 模块。</p>
<h3 id="格式化异常显示">格式化异常显示<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#格式化异常显示" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
<p>可以使用 <code>format_exc</code> 参数来格式化显示异常：</p>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="python" data-theme="default"><code data-language="python" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">try</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">1</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">/</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">0</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">except</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">Exception</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">as</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> e</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> logger</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">error</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;Error： </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">{e}</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">, e</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">logger.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">format_exc</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">())</span></span></code></pre></div>
<h2 id="过滤日志">过滤日志<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#过滤日志" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
<p>可以通过添加或删除过滤器来过滤日志。</p>
<h3 id="添加过滤器">添加过滤器<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#添加过滤器" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
<p>例如只记录 warning 及以上级别的日志：</p>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="python" data-theme="default"><code data-language="python" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">logger</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">add</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">lambda</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-parameter);">msg</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">: msg.level </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">></span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">20</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">)</span></span></code></pre></div>
<h3 id="删除过滤器">删除过滤器<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#删除过滤器" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="python" data-theme="default"><code data-language="python" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">logger</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">remove</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">()</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 移除所有过滤器</span></span></code></pre></div>
<h2 id="异步日志">异步日志<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#异步日志" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
<p>Loguru 原生支持异步日志，可以通过 <code>queue_size</code> 参数开启。</p>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="python" data-theme="default"><code data-language="python" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">logger</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">add</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;file.log&quot;</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">, enqueue</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">True</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">)</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 异步队列大小为1万</span></span></code></pre></div>
<p>这可以大大提升日志写入速度。</p>
<h2 id="结构化日志">结构化日志<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#结构化日志" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
<p>可以在日志中插入字典、JSON 等结构化数据：</p>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="python" data-theme="default"><code data-language="python" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">logger</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">info</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">({</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;timestamp&quot;</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">: </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">1234</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">, </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;values&quot;</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">: [</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">1</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">,</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">2</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">,</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">3</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">]})</span></span></code></pre></div>
<p>非常方便后续日志分析。</p>
<h2 id="最佳实践">最佳实践<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#最佳实践" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
<p>在项目中，我建议以下最佳实践：</p>
<ol>
<li>
<p>创建一个全局的 Loguru 对象 logger，作为日志的入口。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>根据应用设置合理的日志级别，如 info 或 warning。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>主要输出日志到文件，同时输出重要的日志到 console。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>使用日志文件回滚，保证不会增大无限。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>格式化日志，包含关键信息如时间、函数、行数等。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>在必要时开启异步日志。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>在 exception 中使用 logger.exception() 打印堆栈。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>根据需要添加日志过滤器。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>直接使用 Loguru，不需要标准 logging 模块。</p>
</li>
</ol>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="python" data-theme="default"><code data-language="python" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">from</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> loguru </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">import</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> logger</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">import</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> sys</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 设置日志级别</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">logger</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">level</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;INFO&quot;</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">)</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 输出日志到文件，并设置文件回滚策略</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">logger</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">add</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;file_</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">{time}</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">.log&quot;</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">, rotation</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;1 day&quot;</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">)</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 每天回滚</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 同时输出重要的日志到 console</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">logger</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">add</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">(sys.stderr, level</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;WARNING&quot;</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">)</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 格式化日志，包含关键信息</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">fmt </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;&lt;green></span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">{time</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss}</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&lt;/green> | &lt;level></span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">{level</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);"> &lt;8}</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&lt;/level> | &lt;cyan></span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">{name}</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&lt;/cyan>:&lt;cyan></span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">{function}</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&lt;/cyan>:&lt;cyan></span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">{line}</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&lt;/cyan> - &lt;level></span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">{message}</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&lt;/level>&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">logger</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">remove</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">()</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">logger</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">add</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">(sys.stderr, format</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">fmt)</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 在必要时开启异步日志</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">logger</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">add</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;async_</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">{time}</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">.log&quot;</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">, rotation</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;1 day&quot;</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">, enqueue</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">True</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">)</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 每天回滚，启用异步日志</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">try</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 做一些可能会抛出异常的操作</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">1</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">/</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">0</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">except</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">Exception</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">as</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> e</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 在 exception 中使用 logger.exception() 打印堆栈</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> logger</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">exception</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;An error occurred: </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">{}</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">, e)</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 根据需要添加日志过滤器</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">def</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">debug_or_higher</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-parameter);">record</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">):</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">return</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> record</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">[</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;level&quot;</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">].</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">no </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">>=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> logger</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">level</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;DEBUG&quot;</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">).</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">no</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">logger</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">add</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;debug_or_higher.log&quot;</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">, filter</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">debug_or_higher)</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 使用 logger</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">logger</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">info</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;This is a normal message.&quot;</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">)</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">logger</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">warning</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;This is a warning message.&quot;</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">)</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">logger</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">error</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;This is an error message.&quot;</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">)</span></span></code></pre></div></article></div><div class="right sidebar"><div class="graph "><h3>Graph View</h3><div class="graph-outer"><div id="graph-container" data-cfg="{&quot;drag&quot;:true,&quot;zoom&quot;:true,&quot;depth&quot;:1,&quot;scale&quot;:1.1,&quot;repelForce&quot;:0.5,&quot;centerForce&quot;:0.3,&quot;linkDistance&quot;:30,&quot;fontSize&quot;:0.6,&quot;opacityScale&quot;:1,&quot;showTags&quot;:true,&quot;removeTags&quot;:[]}"></div><svg version="1.1" id="global-graph-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlnsXlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 55 55" fill="currentColor" xmlSpace="preserve"><path d="M49,0c-3.309,0-6,2.691-6,6c0,1.035,0.263,2.009,0.726,2.86l-9.829,9.829C32.542,17.634,30.846,17,29,17
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s-2-0.897-2-2s0.897-2,2-2S47,39.897,47,41z M49,10c-2.206,0-4-1.794-4-4s1.794-4,4-4s4,1.794,4,4S51.206,10,49,10z"></path></svg></div><div id="global-graph-outer"><div id="global-graph-container" data-cfg="{&quot;drag&quot;:true,&quot;zoom&quot;:true,&quot;depth&quot;:-1,&quot;scale&quot;:0.9,&quot;repelForce&quot;:0.5,&quot;centerForce&quot;:0.3,&quot;linkDistance&quot;:30,&quot;fontSize&quot;:0.6,&quot;opacityScale&quot;:1,&quot;showTags&quot;:true,&quot;removeTags&quot;:[]}"></div></div></div><div class="toc desktop-only"><button type="button" id="toc" class><h3>Table of Contents</h3><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="fold"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg></button><div id="toc-content"><ul class="overflow"><li class="depth-0"><a href="#安装" data-for="安装">安装</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#基本用法" data-for="基本用法">基本用法</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#创建-logger-对象" data-for="创建-logger-对象">创建 Logger 对象</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#设置日志级别" data-for="设置日志级别">设置日志级别</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#输出到控制台" data-for="输出到控制台">输出到控制台</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#输出到文件" data-for="输出到文件">输出到文件</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#格式化日志" data-for="格式化日志">格式化日志</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#日志文件管理" data-for="日志文件管理">日志文件管理</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#设置日志文件大小" data-for="设置日志文件大小">设置日志文件大小</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#设置回滚日志文件个数" data-for="设置回滚日志文件个数">设置回滚日志文件个数</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#滚动日志文件" data-for="滚动日志文件">滚动日志文件</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#异常捕获" data-for="异常捕获">异常捕获</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#记录异常信息" data-for="记录异常信息">记录异常信息</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#格式化异常显示" data-for="格式化异常显示">格式化异常显示</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#过滤日志" data-for="过滤日志">过滤日志</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#添加过滤器" data-for="添加过滤器">添加过滤器</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#删除过滤器" data-for="删除过滤器">删除过滤器</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#异步日志" data-for="异步日志">异步日志</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#结构化日志" data-for="结构化日志">结构化日志</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#最佳实践" data-for="最佳实践">最佳实践</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="backlinks "><h3>Backlinks</h3><ul class="overflow"><li>No backlinks found</li></ul></div><div class="explorer mobile-only"><button type="button" id="explorer" data-behavior="collapse" data-collapsed="collapsed" data-savestate="true" data-tree="[{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Basics&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Basics/english&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Blog&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Book&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Book/个人成长&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Book/医学健康&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Book/历史&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Book/哲学宗教&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Book/心理&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Book/政治军事&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Book/教育学习&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Book/文学&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Book/生活百<E6B4BB>
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