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<html lang="zh"><head><title>Jinja 模板引擎</title><meta charset="utf-8"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=IBM Plex Mono&amp;family=Noto Serif Simplified Chinese:wght@400;700&amp;family=Source Sans Pro:ital,wght@0,400;0,600;1,400;1,600&amp;display=swap"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/><meta property="og:title" content="Jinja 模板引擎"/><meta property="og:description" content="Jinja 模板引擎教程."/><meta property="og:image" content="https://wiki.7wate.com/static/og-image.png"/><meta property="og:width" content="1200"/><meta property="og:height" content="675"/><link rel="icon" href="../../../../../static/icon.png"/><meta name="description" content="Jinja 模板引擎教程."/><meta name="generator" content="Quartz"/><link href="../../../../../index.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" spa-preserve/><link href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/KaTeX/0.16.9/katex.min.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" spa-preserve/><script src="../../../../../prescript.js" type="application/javascript" spa-preserve></script><script type="application/javascript" spa-preserve>const fetchData = fetch("../../../../../static/contentIndex.json").then(data => data.json())</script></head><body data-slug="Technology/ProgrammingLanguage/Python/模块/WEB开发/Jinja-模板引擎"><div id="quartz-root" class="page"><div id="quartz-body"><div class="left sidebar"><h2 class="page-title"><a href="../../../../..">🪴 X·Eden</a></h2><div class="spacer mobile-only"></div><div class="search"><button class="search-button" id="search-button"><p>搜索</p><svg role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 19.9 19.7"><title>Search</title><g class="search-path" fill="none"><path stroke-linecap="square" d="M18.5 18.3l-5.4-5.4"></path><circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7"></circle></g></svg></button><div id="search-container"><div id="search-space"><input autocomplete="off" id="search-bar" name="search" type="text" aria-label="搜索些什么" placeholder="搜索些什么"/><div id="search-layout" data-preview="true"></div></div></div></div><button class="darkmode" id="darkmode"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" id="dayIcon" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 35 35" style="enable-background:new 0 0 35 35" xml:space="preserve" aria-label="暗色模式"><title>暗色模式</title><path d="M6,17.5C6,16.672,5.328,16,4.5,16h-3C0.672,16,0,16.672,0,17.5 S0.672,19,1.5,19h3C5.328,19,6,18.328,6,17.5z M7.5,26c-0.414,0-0.789,0.168-1.061,0.439l-2,2C4.168,28.711,4,29.086,4,29.5 C4,30.328,4.671,31,5.5,31c0.414,0,0.789-0.168,1.06-0.44l2-2C8.832,28.289,9,27.914,9,27.5C9,26.672,8.329,26,7.5,26z M17.5,6 C18.329,6,19,5.328,19,4.5v-3C19,0.672,18.329,0,17.5,0S16,0.672,16,1.5v3C16,5.328,16.671,6,17.5,6z M27.5,9 c0.414,0,0.789-0.168,1.06-0.439l2-2C30.832,6.289,31,5.914,31,5.5C31,4.672,30.329,4,29.5,4c-0.414,0-0.789,0.168-1.061,0.44 l-2,2C26.168,6.711,26,7.086,26,7.5C26,8.328,26.671,9,27.5,9z M6.439,8.561C6.711,8.832,7.086,9,7.5,9C8.328,9,9,8.328,9,7.5 c0-0.414-0.168-0.789-0.439-1.061l-2-2C6.289,4.168,5.914,4,5.5,4C4.672,4,4,4.672,4,5.5c0,0.414,0.168,0.789,0.439,1.06 L6.439,8.561z M33.5,16h-3c-0.828,0-1.5,0.672-1.5,1.5s0.672,1.5,1.5,1.5h3c0.828,0,1.5-0.672,1.5-1.5S34.328,16,33.5,16z M28.561,26.439C28.289,26.168,27.914,26,27.5,26c-0.828,0-1.5,0.672-1.5,1.5c0,0.414,0.168,0.789,0.439,1.06l2,2 C28.711,30.832,29.086,31,29.5,31c0.828,0,1.5-0.672,1.5-1.5c0-0.414-0.168-0.789-0.439-1.061L28.561,26.439z M17.5,29 c-0.829,0-1.5,0.672-1.5,1.5v3c0,0.828,0.671,1.5,1.5,1.5s1.5-0.672,1.5-1.5v-3C19,29.672,18.329,29,17.5,29z M17.5,7 C11.71,7,7,11.71,7,17.5S11.71,28,17.5,28S28,23.29,28,17.5S23.29,7,17.5,7z M17.5,25c-4.136,0-7.5-3.364-7.5-7.5 c0-4.136,3.364-7.5,7.5-7.5c4.136,0,7.5,3.364,7.5,7.5C25,21.636,21.636,25,17.5,25z"></path></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www
<p>Jinja2 的设计理念源自 Django 模板引擎，但在易用性、扩展性和性能上做出了大幅提升。</p>
<h2 id="安装">安装<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#安装" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">pip</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> jinja2</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<p>Jinja2 没有复杂的依赖 ，安装后可以直接导入和使用。</p>
<h2 id="核心功能">核心功能<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#核心功能" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<h3 id="创建模板环境">创建模板环境<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#创建模板环境" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p><strong>使用 Jinja2 时 ，第一步是创建一个模板环境。<strong>模板环境包含了模板的各种配置选项 ，如全局函数、过滤器、测试等。通常</strong>一个应用只需要创建一个环境。</strong></p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="python" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="python" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">from</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> jinja2 </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">import</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> Environment ， PackageLoader ， select_autoescape</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">env </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> Environment(</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;"> loader</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">PackageLoader(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'yourapplication'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> ， </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'templates'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">) ，</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;"> autoescape</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">select_autoescape([</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'html'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> ， </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'xml'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">])</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<p>这里我们使用 <code>PackageLoader</code> 加载 <code>app/templates</code> 目录下的模板 ，并开启了自动转义 HTML 和 XML 的功能 ，以防范 XSS 攻击。<code>trim_blocks</code> 选项可以去除模板代码前后的空行。</p>
<h3 id="定义模板">定义模板<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#定义模板" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>Jinja2 使用类 HTML 语法的模板文件 ，其中嵌入了一些特殊的语法来完成变量替换、逻辑控制等功能。例如:</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="jinja2" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="jinja2" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span>&lt;!DOCTYPE html></span></span>
<span data-line><span>&lt;html></span></span>
<span data-line><span>&lt;head></span></span>
<span data-line><span> &lt;title>{{ title }}&lt;/title></span></span>
<span data-line><span>&lt;/head></span></span>
<span data-line><span>&lt;body></span></span>
<span data-line><span> &lt;ul></span></span>
<span data-line><span> {% for item in items %}</span></span>
<span data-line><span> &lt;li>{{ loop.index }}: {{ item }}&lt;/li></span></span>
<span data-line><span> {% endfor %}</span></span>
<span data-line><span> &lt;/ul></span></span>
<span data-line><span>&lt;/body></span></span>
<span data-line><span>&lt;/html></span></span></code></pre></figure>
<p>这个模板实现了一个简单的动态列表渲染 ，使用了变量、for 循环等模板语法。</p>
<h3 id="渲染模板">渲染模板<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#渲染模板" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>加载一个模板并渲染只需要简单的两步：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="python" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="python" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">template </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> env.get_template(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'index.html'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">content </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> template.render(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;">title</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'Home'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> ， </span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;">items</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">[</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'A'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> ， </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'B'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> ， </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'C'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">])</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<p>这样就可以通过一个字典对象传入变量 ，生成最后的文本结果。</p>
<p>Jinja2 也支持模板继承 ，一个基础模板可以被多个页面模板扩展：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="jinja2" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="jinja2" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span>{# base.html #}</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span>&lt;!DOCTYPE html></span></span>
<span data-line><span>&lt;html></span></span>
<span data-line><span>&lt;body></span></span>
<span data-line><span> {% block content %}</span></span>
<span data-line><span> {% endblock %} </span></span>
<span data-line><span>&lt;/body></span></span>
<span data-line><span>&lt;/html></span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span>{# index.html #}</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span>{% extends &quot;base.html&quot; %}</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span>{% block content %}</span></span>
<span data-line><span>&lt;p>This is Index Page.&lt;/p> </span></span>
<span data-line><span>{% endblock %}</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h2 id="实践使用">实践使用<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#实践使用" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<h3 id="帖子应用">帖子应用<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#帖子应用" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>以下是一个使用 Flask（Python Web 框架）和 Jinja 的简单帖子列表应用，这个应用将允许用户查看帖子列表，并点击一个帖子以查看其详细内容。</p>
<p>前端部分将使用 Jinja 来生成 HTML，后端部分将使用 Flask 来处理 HTTP 请求。</p>
<p>首先，让我们从后端开始。我们将定义一个 Flask 应用和两个路由：一个用于显示帖子列表，另一个用于显示单个帖子的详细信息。</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="python" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="python" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">from</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> flask </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">import</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> Flask ， render_template</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">app </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> Flask(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">__name__</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">posts </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> [</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> {</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'id'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> ， </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'title'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'First Post'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> ， </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'content'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'This is the first post.'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">} ，</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> {</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'id'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> ， </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'title'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'Second Post'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> ， </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'content'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'This is the second post.'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">} ，</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # Add more posts as needed</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">@app.route</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'/'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">def</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> post_list</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">():</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> render_template(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'post_list.html'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> ， </span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;">posts</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">posts)</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">@app.route</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'/post/&lt;int:post_id>'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">def</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> post_detail</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(post_id):</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> post </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> next</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">((post </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">for</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> post </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">in</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> posts </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">if</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> post[</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'id'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">==</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> post_id) ， </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">None</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> if</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> post </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">is</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> None</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 'Post not found'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> ， </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">404</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> render_template(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'post_detail.html'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> ， </span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;">post</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">post)</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">if</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> __name__</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> ==</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> '__main__'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> app.run(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;">debug</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">True</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<p>在这个后端代码中，<code>posts</code> 是一个包含多个帖子的列表，每个帖子都是一个字典，包含一个 ID、一个标题和内容。<code>post_list</code> 和 <code>post_detail</code> 函数是两个路由处理器，分别用于显示帖子列表和单个帖子的详细信息。</p>
<p>接下来，让我们看看前端部分。我们将需要两个 Jinja 模板：一个用于显示帖子列表，另一个用于显示单个帖子的详细信息。</p>
<p>post_list.html：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="html" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="html" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">&lt;!</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">doctype</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> html</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">></span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">html</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">></span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &lt;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">head</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">></span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &lt;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">title</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">>Post List&lt;/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">title</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">></span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &lt;/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">head</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">></span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &lt;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">body</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">></span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &lt;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">h1</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">>Post List&lt;/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">h1</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">></span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &lt;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">ul</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">></span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> {% for post in posts %}</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &lt;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">li</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">></span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &lt;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">a</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> href</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;{{ url_for('post_detail' ， post_id=post.id) }}&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">>{{ post.title }}&lt;/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">a</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">></span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &lt;/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">li</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">></span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> {% endfor %}</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &lt;/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">ul</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">></span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &lt;/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">body</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">></span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">html</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">></span></span></code></pre></figure>
<p>post_detail.html：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="html" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="html" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">&lt;!</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">doctype</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> html</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">></span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">html</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">></span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &lt;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">head</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">></span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &lt;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">title</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">>{{ post.title }}&lt;/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">title</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">></span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &lt;/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">head</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">></span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &lt;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">body</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">></span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &lt;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">h1</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">>{{ post.title }}&lt;/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">h1</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">></span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &lt;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">p</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">>{{ post.content }}&lt;/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">p</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">></span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &lt;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">a</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> href</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;{{ url_for('post_list') }}&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">>Back to Post List&lt;/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">a</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">></span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &lt;/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">body</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">></span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">html</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">></span></span></code></pre></figure>
<p>在这些模板中，我们使用了 Jinja 的变量、循环和函数。例如，<code>{% for post in posts %}</code> 循环遍历所有的帖子，<code>{{ post.title }}</code> 显示帖子的标题，<code>{{ url_for('post_detail' ， post_id=post.id) }}</code> 生成帖子详细信息页面的 URL。</p>
<p>这就是一个简单的使用 Flask 和 Jinja 的帖子列表应用示例。你可以根据需要添加更多的功能，例如添加新的帖子、编辑现有的帖子等。</p>
<p>注意，**在 Flask 中，Jinja 是默认的模板引擎，**所以你不需要显式创建 Jinja 的环境。如果你的模板不在默认的 <code>templates</code> 文件夹中，你需要在创建 Flask 应用时指定模板文件夹的路径，如下：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="python" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="python" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">app </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> Flask(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">__name__</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> ， </span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;">template_folder</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'/path/to/your/templates'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="博客应用">博客应用<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#博客应用" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>以下是一个简单的博客应用示例。首先，我们定义 Flask 应用和路由（<code>app.py</code>）：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="python" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="python" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">from</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> flask </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">import</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> Flask ， render_template</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">app </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> Flask(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">__name__</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 假设我们有以下博客文章</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">posts </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> [</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> {</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;id&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> ， </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;title&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;First Post&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> ， </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;content&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;This is the first post.&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">} ，</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> {</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;id&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">2</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> ， </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;title&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;Second Post&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> ， </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;content&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;This is the second post.&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">} ，</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">@app.route</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">def</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> home</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">():</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> render_template(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;home.html&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> ， </span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;">posts</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">posts)</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">@app.route</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/post/&lt;int:post_id>&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">def</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> post_detail</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(post_id):</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> post </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> next</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">((post </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">for</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> post </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">in</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> posts </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">if</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> post[</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;id&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">] </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">==</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> post_id) ， </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">None</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> if</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> post </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">is</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> None</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;Post not found&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> ， </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">404</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> render_template(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;post_detail.html&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> ， </span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;">post</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">post)</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">if</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> __name__</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> ==</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;__main__&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> app.run(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;">debug</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">True</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<p>接着，我们创建一个基础模板（<code>base.html</code>）：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="html" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="html" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">&lt;!</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">DOCTYPE</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> html</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">></span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">html</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">></span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">head</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">></span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &lt;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">title</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">>{% block title %}{% endblock %}&lt;/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">title</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">></span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">head</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">></span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">&lt;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">body</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">></span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> {% block content %}{% endblock %}</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">body</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">></span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">html</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">></span></span></code></pre></figure>
<p>然后，定义主页模板（<code>home.html</code>）：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="html" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="html" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">{% extends &quot;base.html&quot; %}</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">{% block title %}</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> Home</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">{% endblock %}</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">{% block content %}</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &lt;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">h1</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">>My Blog&lt;/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">h1</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">></span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &lt;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">ul</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">></span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> {% for post in posts %}</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &lt;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">li</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">></span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &lt;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">a</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> href</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;{{ url_for('post_detail' ， post_id=post.id) }}&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">></span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> {{ post.title }}</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &lt;/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">a</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">></span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &lt;/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">li</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">></span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> {% endfor %}</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &lt;/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">ul</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">></span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">{% endblock %}</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<p>最后，定义文章详情页模板（<code>post_detail.html</code>）：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="html" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="html" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">{% extends &quot;base.html&quot; %}</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">{% block title %}</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> {{ post.title }}</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">{% endblock %}</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">{% block content %}</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &lt;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">h1</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">>{{ post.title }}&lt;/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">h1</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">></span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &lt;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">p</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">>{{ post.content }}&lt;/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">p</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">></span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &lt;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">a</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> href</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;{{ url_for('home') }}&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">>Back to Home&lt;/</span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">a</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">></span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">{% endblock %}</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<p>在这个 Flask 应用示例中，它显示了一个博客文章列表，你可以点击每个文章的标题来查看文章的详细内容。所有的模板都继承自 <code>base.html</code>，并覆盖了 <code>title</code> 和 <code>content</code> 区块。<code>home.html</code> 使用了一个 for 循环来显示所有的文章，<code>post_detail.html</code> 显示了单个文章的标题和内容。</p>
<h3 id="最佳规范">最佳规范<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#最佳规范" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>编写模板时 ，有一些最佳实践可以提高可维护性:</p>
<ul>
<li>命名规范：如 index.html ， base.html ，macros.html</li>
<li>模板结构：HTML、逻辑、配置等区块划分清楚</li>
<li>功能模块化：使用宏、包含等复用代码</li>
<li>注释标识：如命名空间、宏参数等</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="高级功能">高级功能<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#高级功能" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<h3 id="代码优化">代码优化<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#代码优化" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>在 Jinja 中，一些优化技术可以帮助你提高模板的性能和可读性。例如：</p>
<ul>
<li>使用宏（Macros）：宏类似于 Python 中的函数，可以帮助你避免重复的代码。</li>
</ul>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="jinja" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="jinja" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">{%</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> macro</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> input(name ， value</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">''</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> ， type</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'text'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">%}</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &lt;input type= </span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;">{{ </span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">type</span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;"> }}</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> name= </span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;">{{ </span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;"> }}</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> value= </span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;">{{ </span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">value</span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;"> }}</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> ></span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">{%</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> endmacro</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> %}</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<ul>
<li>使用 include 和 extends ：<code>include</code> 和 <code>extends</code> 可以帮助你复用和组织模板。</li>
</ul>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="jinja" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="jinja" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">{%</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> extends</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> base.html </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">%}</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">{%</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> block</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> content </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">%}</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &lt;h1></span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;">{{ </span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">title</span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;"> }}</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/h1></span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &lt;p></span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;">{{ </span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">content</span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;"> }}</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">&lt;/p></span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">{%</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> endblock</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> %}</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="错误处理">错误处理<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#错误处理" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>在 Jinja 中，错误处理是通过抛出异常实现的。Jinja 定义了一些自己的异常，如 <code>TemplateNotFound</code>、<code>TemplateSyntaxError</code> 等。主要异常类型有：</p>
<ul>
<li>TemplateNotFound：模板文件不存在</li>
<li>TemplateSyntaxError：模板语法错误</li>
<li>UndefinedError：变量未定义</li>
<li>SecurityError：安全错误 (如禁用标签)</li>
</ul>
<p>你可以通过捕捉这些异常来处理错误。</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="python" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="python" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">from</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> jinja2 </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">import</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> TemplateNotFound</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">try</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> template </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> env.get_template(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'mytemplate.html'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">except</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> TemplateNotFound:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> print</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'Template not found'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="测试和调试">测试和调试<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#测试和调试" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>Jinja 提供了一个强大的模板调试器，可以帮助你查找和修复模板中的错误。你可以通过设置 <code>Environment</code> 的 <code>debug</code> 选项来启用调试器。</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="python" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="python" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">env </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> Environment(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;">loader</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">...</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> ， </span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;">debug</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">True</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<p>当 <code>debug</code> 选项设置为 <code>True</code> 时，Jinja 会在渲染模板时检查错误，并在发现错误时抛出异常。</p>
<h3 id="集成其他库">集成其他库<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#集成其他库" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>Jinja 可以与许多其他 Python 库和框架一起使用。例如，Jinja 是 Flask 和 Django 这两个流行的 Web 框架的默认模板引擎。此外，Jinja 也可以与诸如 Bootstrap 之类的前端框架一起使用，以创建更丰富和动态的网页。</p>
<h2 id="社区动态">社区动态<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#社区动态" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<p>Jinja 是一个活跃的开源项目，有一个活跃的开发者和用户社区。你可以在 <a href="https://github.com/pallets/jinja" class="external">Github<svg aria-hidden="true" class="external-icon" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M320 0H288V64h32 82.7L201.4 265.4 178.7 288 224 333.3l22.6-22.6L448 109.3V192v32h64V192 32 0H480 320zM32 32H0V64 480v32H32 456h32V480 352 320H424v32 96H64V96h96 32V32H160 32z"></path></svg></a> 上关注 Jinja 的最新更新和发布。此外，你还可以参与 <a href="https://gitter.im/pallets/jinja" class="external">Gitter上的Jinja社区<svg aria-hidden="true" class="external-icon" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M320 0H288V64h32 82.7L201.4 265.4 178.7 288 224 333.3l22.6-22.6L448 109.3V192v32h64V192 32 0H480 320zM32 32H0V64 480v32H32 456h32V480 352 320H424v32 96H64V96h96 32V32H160 32z"></path></svg></a>，在那里你可以找到其他 Jinja 用户的帮助，分享你的经验，或者只是去看看其他人都在做什么。</p>
<p>总的来说，Jinja 是一个强大而灵活的模板引擎，适合用于多种应用。通过深入学习和实践，你可以充分利用 Jinja 的功能，提高你的 Web 开发效率和质量。</p></article><hr/><div class="page-footer"></div></div><div class="right sidebar"><div class="graph"><h3>关系图谱</h3><div class="graph-outer"><div id="graph-container" data-cfg="{&quot;drag&quot;:true,&quot;zoom&quot;:true,&quot;depth&quot;:1,&quot;scale&quot;:1.1,&quot;repelForce&quot;:0.5,&quot;centerForce&quot;:0.3,&quot;linkDistance&quot;:30,&quot;fontSize&quot;:0.6,&quot;opacityScale&quot;:1,&quot;showTags&quot;:true,&quot;removeTags&quot;:[],&quot;focusOnHover&quot;:false}"></div><button id="global-graph-icon" aria-label="Global Graph"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 55 55" fill="currentColor" xml:space="preserve"><path d="M49,0c-3.309,0-6,2.691-6,6c0,1.035,0.263,2.009,0.726,2.86l-9.829,9.829C32.542,17.634,30.846,17,29,17
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s-2-0.897-2-2s0.897-2,2-2S47,39.897,47,41z M49,10c-2.206,0-4-1.794-4-4s1.794-4,4-4s4,1.794,4,4S51.206,10,49,10z"></path></svg></button></div><div id="global-graph-outer"><div id="global-graph-container" data-cfg="{&quot;drag&quot;:true,&quot;zoom&quot;:true,&quot;depth&quot;:-1,&quot;scale&quot;:0.9,&quot;repelForce&quot;:0.5,&quot;centerForce&quot;:0.3,&quot;linkDistance&quot;:30,&quot;fontSize&quot;:0.6,&quot;opacityScale&quot;:1,&quot;showTags&quot;:true,&quot;removeTags&quot;:[],&quot;focusOnHover&quot;:true}"></div></div></div><div class="toc desktop-only"><button type="button" id="toc" class aria-controls="toc-content" aria-expanded="true"><h3>目录</h3><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="fold"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg></button><div id="toc-content" class><ul class="overflow"><li class="depth-0"><a href="#安装" data-for="安装">安装</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#核心功能" data-for="核心功能">核心功能</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#创建模板环境" data-for="创建模板环境">创建模板环境</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#定义模板" data-for="定义模板">定义模板</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#渲染模板" data-for="渲染模板">渲染模板</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#实践使用" data-for="实践使用">实践使用</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#帖子应用" data-for="帖子应用">帖子应用</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#博客应用" data-for="博客应用">博客应用</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#最佳规范" data-for="最佳规范">最佳规范</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#高级功能" data-for="高级功能">高级功能</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#代码优化" data-for="代码优化">代码优化</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#错误处理" data-for="错误处理">错误处理</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#测试和调试" data-for="测试和调试">测试和调试</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#集成其他库" data-for="集成其他库">集成其他库</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#社区动态" data-for="社区动态">社区动态</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="explorer mobile-only"><button type="button" id="explorer" data-behavior="collapse" data-collapsed="collapsed" data-savestate="true" data-tree="[{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Blog&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Blog/2018&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Blog/2020&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Blog/2021&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Blog/2022&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Blog/2023&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Blog/2024&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Book&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Book/个人成长&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Book/医学健康&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Book/历史&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Book/哲学宗教&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Book/心理&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Book/政治军事&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Book/教育学习&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Book/文学&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Book/生活百科&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Book/社会文化&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Book/科学技术&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quo
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