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<html lang="zh"><head><title>Linux 下 0-1 手动安装 Arch Linux</title><meta charset="utf-8"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=IBM Plex Mono&amp;family=Noto Serif Simplified Chinese:wght@400;700&amp;family=Source Sans Pro:ital,wght@0,400;0,600;1,400;1,600&amp;display=swap"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/><meta property="og:title" content="Linux 下 0-1 手动安装 Arch Linux"/><meta property="og:description" content="本文提供了一个详细的指南，用于手动安装 Arch Linux，包括从分区到安装桌面环境的完整步骤。."/><meta property="og:image" content="https://wiki.7wate.com/static/og-image.png"/><meta property="og:width" content="1200"/><meta property="og:height" content="675"/><link rel="icon" href="../../../../static/icon.png"/><meta name="description" content="本文提供了一个详细的指南，用于手动安装 Arch Linux，包括从分区到安装桌面环境的完整步骤。."/><meta name="generator" content="Quartz"/><link href="../../../../index.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" spa-preserve/><link href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/KaTeX/0.16.9/katex.min.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" spa-preserve/><script src="../../../../prescript.js" type="application/javascript" spa-preserve></script><script type="application/javascript" spa-preserve>const fetchData = fetch("../../../../static/contentIndex.json").then(data => data.json())</script></head><body data-slug="Technology/OperatingSystem/Linux/2.安装/Linux-下-0-1-手动安装-Arch-Linux"><div id="quartz-root" class="page"><div id="quartz-body"><div class="left sidebar"><h2 class="page-title"><a href="../../../..">🪴 X·Eden</a></h2><div class="spacer mobile-only"></div><div class="search"><button class="search-button" id="search-button"><p>搜索</p><svg role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 19.9 19.7"><title>Search</title><g class="search-path" fill="none"><path stroke-linecap="square" d="M18.5 18.3l-5.4-5.4"></path><circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7"></circle></g></svg></button><div id="search-container"><div id="search-space"><input autocomplete="off" id="search-bar" name="search" type="text" aria-label="搜索些什么" placeholder="搜索些什么"/><div id="search-layout" data-preview="true"></div></div></div></div><button class="darkmode" id="darkmode"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" id="dayIcon" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 35 35" style="enable-background:new 0 0 35 35" xml:space="preserve" aria-label="暗色模式"><title>暗色模式</title><path d="M6,17.5C6,16.672,5.328,16,4.5,16h-3C0.672,16,0,16.672,0,17.5 S0.672,19,1.5,19h3C5.328,19,6,18.328,6,17.5z M7.5,26c-0.414,0-0.789,0.168-1.061,0.439l-2,2C4.168,28.711,4,29.086,4,29.5 C4,30.328,4.671,31,5.5,31c0.414,0,0.789-0.168,1.06-0.44l2-2C8.832,28.289,9,27.914,9,27.5C9,26.672,8.329,26,7.5,26z M17.5,6 C18.329,6,19,5.328,19,4.5v-3C19,0.672,18.329,0,17.5,0S16,0.672,16,1.5v3C16,5.328,16.671,6,17.5,6z M27.5,9 c0.414,0,0.789-0.168,1.06-0.439l2-2C30.832,6.289,31,5.914,31,5.5C31,4.672,30.329,4,29.5,4c-0.414,0-0.789,0.168-1.061,0.44 l-2,2C26.168,6.711,26,7.086,26,7.5C26,8.328,26.671,9,27.5,9z M6.439,8.561C6.711,8.832,7.086,9,7.5,9C8.328,9,9,8.328,9,7.5 c0-0.414-0.168-0.789-0.439-1.061l-2-2C6.289,4.168,5.914,4,5.5,4C4.672,4,4,4.672,4,5.5c0,0.414,0.168,0.789,0.439,1.06 L6.439,8.561z M33.5,16h-3c-0.828,0-1.5,0.672-1.5,1.5s0.672,1.5,1.5,1.5h3c0.828,0,1.5-0.672,1.5-1.5S34.328,16,33.5,16z M28.561,26.439C28.289,26.168,27.914,26,27.5,26c-0.828,0-1.5,0.672-1.5,1.5c0,0.414,0.168,0.789,0.439,1.06l2,2 C28.711,30.832,29.086,31,29.5,31c0.828,0,1.5-0.672,1.5-1.5c0-0.414-0.168-0.789-0.439-1.061L28.561,26.439z M17.5,29 c-0.829,0-1.5,0.672-1.5,1.5v3c0,0.828,0.671,1.5,1.5,1.5s1.5-0.672,1.5-1.5v-3C19,29.672,18.329,29,17.5,29z M17.5,7 C11.71,7,7,11.71,7,17.5S11.71,28,17.5,28S
<p>这里以 Arch Linux 为例，因为它是一个极简主义的发行版，允许你从头开始定制系统。可以根据实际情况选择参考 <a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Installation_guide" class="external">Arch Linux 官方的安装手册<svg aria-hidden="true" class="external-icon" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M320 0H288V64h32 82.7L201.4 265.4 178.7 288 224 333.3l22.6-22.6L448 109.3V192v32h64V192 32 0H480 320zM32 32H0V64 480v32H32 456h32V480 352 320H424v32 96H64V96h96 32V32H160 32z"></path></svg></a>，也可以选择阅读下面的文章。</p>
<h2 id="0前期准备">0.前期准备<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#0前期准备" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<ol>
<li>
<p><strong>获取 Arch Linux ISO 文件</strong>：从 Arch Linux <a href="https://archlinux.org/download/" class="external">官方网站下载<svg aria-hidden="true" class="external-icon" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M320 0H288V64h32 82.7L201.4 265.4 178.7 288 224 333.3l22.6-22.6L448 109.3V192v32h64V192 32 0H480 320zM32 32H0V64 480v32H32 456h32V480 352 320H424v32 96H64V96h96 32V32H160 32z"></path></svg></a> 最新的 ISO 文件。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>创建可引导的 USB 安装盘</strong>：使用 <code>dd</code> 或 <code>Rufus</code> 创建一个可引导的 USB 安装盘。</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> dd</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> if=/path/to/archlinux.iso</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> of=/dev/sdX</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> bs=4M</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> status=progress</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> &amp;&amp; </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sync</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<p>这里 <code>/dev/sdX</code> 是你的 USB 设备。</p>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="1启动并进入-arch-linux-环境">1.启动并进入 Arch Linux 环境<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#1启动并进入-arch-linux-环境" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<h3 id="11-从-usb-启动">1.1 从 USB 启动<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#11-从-usb-启动" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>电脑开机选择从 USB 启动，进入 Arch Linux 的 Live 环境。</p>
<h3 id="12-网络连接">1.2 网络连接<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#12-网络连接" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>首先，确保网络接口已启动。通常在最小系统中，不会有图形化的网络管理工具，因此我们需要通过命令行手动管理网络接口。（可以使用 <code>ip</code> 管理网络接口，不过重启后会重置）。</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 查看网络接口</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 这将列出所有网络接口以及它们的状态（`UP` 或 `DOWN`）。</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">ip</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> link</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 如果接口状态为 DOWN，使用以下命令启动它。</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 注意将 enp0s3 替换为你实际的网络接口名称。</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">ip</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> link</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> set</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> enp0s3</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> up</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 手动为某个网络接口配置静态 IP 地址。</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 192.168.1.100/24 是你要设置的 IP 地址和子网掩码。</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># enp0s3 是你要配置的网络接口。</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">ip</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> addr</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> add</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 192.168.1.100/24</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> dev</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> enp0s3</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 配置默认网关，确保网络接口能够访问外部网络</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 192.168.1.1 是默认网关的 IP 地址（通常是路由器的 IP 地址）。</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">ip</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> route</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> add</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> default</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> via</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 192.168.1.1</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 查看网络配置</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">ip</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> addr</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> show</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> enp0s3</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 测试网络连接</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">ping</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -c</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 4</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> baidu.com</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="13-配置-dns可选">1.3 配置 DNS（可选）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#13-配置-dns可选" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>如果 <code>ping</code> 域名失败，但 <code>ping</code> IP 地址成功，则可能是 DNS 配置有问题。</p>
<p>编辑或创建 <code>/etc/resolv.conf</code> 文件，并添加公共 DNS 服务器，如 Google 的 DNS：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;nameserver 223.5.5.5&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> ></span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /etc/resolv.conf</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;nameserver 8.8.8.8&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> >></span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /etc/resolv.conf</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="14-同步时间">1.4 同步时间<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#14-同步时间" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">timedatectl</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> set-ntp</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> true</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h2 id="2磁盘分区">2.磁盘分区<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#2磁盘分区" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<h3 id="21-查看磁盘">2.1 查看磁盘<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#21-查看磁盘" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>在开始分区之前，首先需要了解系统中的磁盘情况。使用以下命令查看磁盘设备和它们的现有分区：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">fdisk</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -l</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<p>这个命令会列出所有的磁盘及其分区。假设你的目标磁盘是 <code>/dev/sda</code>，你可能将看到类似如下的输出：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">Disk</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /dev/sda:</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 50</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> GiB,</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 53687091200</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> bytes,</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 104857600</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> sectors</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">Units:</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> sectors</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> of</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 1</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> *</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 512</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> =</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 512</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> bytes</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">Sector</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> size</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">I/O</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> size</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">Disklabel</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> type:</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> gpt</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">Disk</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> identifier:</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> XXXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">Device</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> Start</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> End</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> Sectors</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> Size</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> Type</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">/dev/sda1</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 2048</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 1050623</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 1048576</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 512M</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> EFI</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> System</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">/dev/sda2</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 1050624</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 42008575</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 40957952</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 20G</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> Linux</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> filesystem</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">/dev/sda3</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 42008576</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 104857566</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 62848991</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 30G</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> Linux</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> filesystem</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<p>在这个示例中，磁盘 <code>/dev/sda</code> 上有三个分区，其中 <code>/dev/sda1</code> 是 EFI 系统分区，<code>/dev/sda2</code> 是根分区，<code>/dev/sda3</code> 是 Home 分区。</p>
<h3 id="22-分区磁盘">2.2 分区磁盘<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#22-分区磁盘" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>接下来，我们将使用 <code>fdisk</code> 来创建新的分区。以下是使用 <code>fdisk</code> 工具创建分区的详细步骤。</p>
<p><strong>2.2.1 启动 <code>fdisk</code></strong></p>
<p>使用以下命令启动 <code>fdisk</code> 工具并开始分区：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">fdisk</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /dev/sda</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<p>进入 <code>fdisk</code> 后，命令行会切换到交互模式，你将看到一个提示符类似 <code>Command (m for help):</code>。</p>
<p><strong>2.2.2 创建 EFI 系统分区</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>
<p>输入 <code>n</code> 创建一个新分区。</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">Command</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> (m </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">for</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> help</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">): n</span></span></code></pre></figure>
</li>
<li>
<p>选择分区类型，通常默认是 <code>primary</code>，直接按 <code>Enter</code>。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>选择分区号（一般是 1），按 <code>Enter</code>。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>选择起始扇区，默认从 2048 开始，按 <code>Enter</code>。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>输入分区大小。例如，为 EFI 系统分区分配 512MB（+512M）：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">Last</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> sector,</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> +sectors</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> or</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> +size{K,M,G,T,P}</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> (2048-104857599, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">default</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 104857599</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">): +512M</span></span></code></pre></figure>
</li>
<li>
<p>设置分区类型为 EFI 系统分区（类型代码为 <code>1</code>），输入 <code>t</code> 修改类型：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">Command</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> (m </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">for</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> help</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">): t</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">Selected</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> partition</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 1</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">Hex</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> code</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> (type </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">L</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> to</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> list</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> all</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> codes</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">): 1</span></span></code></pre></figure>
</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>2.2.3 创建 root 根分区</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>
<p>同样输入 <code>n</code> 创建新的根分区：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">Command</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> (m </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">for</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> help</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">): n</span></span></code></pre></figure>
</li>
<li>
<p>选择分区类型和分区号（2），然后按 <code>Enter</code>。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>选择起始扇区，默认即可，按 <code>Enter</code>。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>输入分区大小，例如，分配 20GB 给根分区（+20G）：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">Last</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> sector,</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> +sectors</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> or</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> +size{K,M,G,T,P}</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> (1050624-104857599, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">default</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 104857599</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">): +20G</span></span></code></pre></figure>
</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>2.2.4 创建 Home 分区</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>
<p>输入 <code>n</code> 创建 Home 分区：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">Command</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> (m </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">for</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> help</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">): n</span></span></code></pre></figure>
</li>
<li>
<p>选择分区类型和分区号（3），然后按 <code>Enter</code>。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>选择起始扇区，默认即可，按 <code>Enter</code>。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>直接按 <code>Enter</code> 使用剩余的所有空间：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">Last</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> sector,</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> +sectors</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> or</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> +size{K,M,G,T,P}</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> (42008576-104857599, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">default</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 104857599</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">): </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">Press Enter</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">></span></span></code></pre></figure>
</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>2.2.5 保存分区表并退出</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>
<p>输入 <code>w</code> 写入分区表并退出 <code>fdisk</code>：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">Command</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> (m </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">for</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> help</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">): w</span></span></code></pre></figure>
</li>
</ol>
<p>此时，新分区已经创建并保存到磁盘中。</p>
<h3 id="23-格式化分区">2.3 格式化分区<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#23-格式化分区" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>现在，使用 <code>mkfs</code> 命令格式化新创建的分区：</p>
<p><strong>2.3.1 格式化 EFI 分区</strong></p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">mkfs.fat</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -F32</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /dev/sda1</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<p><strong>2.3.2 格式化根分区</strong></p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">mkfs.ext4</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /dev/sda2</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<p><strong>2.3.3 格式化 Home 分区</strong></p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">mkfs.ext4</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /dev/sda3</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="24-交换分区可选">2.4 交换分区（可选）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#24-交换分区可选" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>如果需要交换分区，你可以在磁盘上创建一个交换分区或选择使用交换文件。</p>
<p><strong>2.4.1 创建交换分区</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>
<p>在分区时，创建一个适合你系统需求大小的交换分区。例如，创建一个 2GB 的交换分区。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>格式化交换分区：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">mkswap</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /dev/sda4</span></span></code></pre></figure>
</li>
<li>
<p>启用交换分区：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">swapon</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /dev/sda4</span></span></code></pre></figure>
</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>2.4.2 创建交换文件（可选）</strong></p>
<p>如果你不想使用交换分区，可以使用以下步骤创建交换文件：</p>
<ol>
<li>
<p>创建一个 2GB 的交换文件：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">dd</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> if=/dev/zero</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> of=/mnt/swapfile</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> bs=1M</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> count=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">2048</span></span></code></pre></figure>
</li>
<li>
<p>将其格式化为交换文件格式：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">mkswap</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /mnt/swapfile</span></span></code></pre></figure>
</li>
<li>
<p>启用交换文件：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">swapon</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /mnt/swapfile</span></span></code></pre></figure>
</li>
<li>
<p>为了确保在系统重启后交换文件仍然有效，你需要将其添加到 <code>/etc/fstab</code> 中：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> '/mnt/swapfile none swap sw 0 0'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> |</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> tee</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -a</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /etc/fstab</span></span></code></pre></figure>
</li>
</ol>
<p>至此，你已经成功地完成了磁盘分区并格式化了各个分区。接下来，你可以继续安装操作系统的其他部分。</p>
<h2 id="3挂载分区">3.挂载分区<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#3挂载分区" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<h3 id="31-挂载根分区">3.1 挂载根分区<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#31-挂载根分区" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 挂载 root 根分区</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">mount</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /dev/sda2</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /mnt</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="32-创建必要的目录并挂载">3.2 创建必要的目录并挂载<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#32-创建必要的目录并挂载" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 创建 boot 目录，并挂载</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">mkdir</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /mnt/boot</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">mount</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /dev/sda1</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /mnt/boot</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 创建 home 目录，并挂载</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">mkdir</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /mnt/home</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">mount</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /dev/sda3</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /mnt/home</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h2 id="4安装基础系统">4.安装基础系统<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#4安装基础系统" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<h3 id="41-选择最快的镜像">4.1 选择最快的镜像<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#41-选择最快的镜像" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>可以手动编辑 <code>/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist</code>，将最快的镜像放在顶部。</p>
<h3 id="42-安装基本包">4.2 安装基本包<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#42-安装基本包" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>使用 <code>pacstrap</code> 命令安装基本系统。</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">pacstrap</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /mnt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> base</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> linux</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> linux-firmware</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="43-生成-fstab">4.3 生成 Fstab<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#43-生成-fstab" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>手动生成文件系统表，并将其写入 <code>fstab</code> 文件。</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">genfstab</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -U</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /mnt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> >></span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /mnt/etc/fstab</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h2 id="5系统配置">5.系统配置<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#5系统配置" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<h3 id="51-进入-chroot-环境">5.1 进入 Chroot 环境<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#51-进入-chroot-环境" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">arch-chroot</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /mnt</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="52-设置系统时区">5.2 设置系统时区<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#52-设置系统时区" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">ln</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -sf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /etc/localtime</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">hwclock</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --systohc</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="53-设置系统语言">5.3 设置系统语言<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#53-设置系统语言" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>手动编辑 <code>/etc/locale.gen</code>，取消你需要的语言注释，然后生成本地化设置。</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">locale-gen</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;LANG=en_US.UTF-8&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> ></span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /etc/locale.conf</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="54-设置系统主机名">5.4 设置系统主机名<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#54-设置系统主机名" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;your_hostname&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> ></span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /etc/hostname</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="55-设置-hosts-文件">5.5 设置 Hosts 文件<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#55-设置-hosts-文件" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;127.0.0.1 localhost&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> ></span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /etc/hosts</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;::1 localhost&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> >></span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /etc/hosts</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">echo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;127.0.1.1 your_hostname.localdomain your_hostname&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> >></span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /etc/hosts</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="56-设置-root-密码">5.6 设置 Root 密码<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#56-设置-root-密码" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">passwd</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h2 id="6引导加载程序">6.引导加载程序<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#6引导加载程序" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<p>根据你的系统（BIOS 或 UEFI），安装 GRUB 或 systemd-boot。</p>
<h3 id="61-对于-uefi-系统">6.1 对于 UEFI 系统<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#61-对于-uefi-系统" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">pacman</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -S</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> grub</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> efibootmgr</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">grub-install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --target=x86_64-efi</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --efi-directory=/boot</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --bootloader-id=GRUB</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">grub-mkconfig</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /boot/grub/grub.cfg</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="62-对于-bios-系统">6.2 对于 BIOS 系统<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#62-对于-bios-系统" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">pacman</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -S</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> grub</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">grub-install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --target=i386-pc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /dev/sda</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">grub-mkconfig</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -o</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /boot/grub/grub.cfg</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h2 id="7完成和重启">7.完成和重启<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#7完成和重启" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 退出 chroot 并卸载</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">exit</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">umount</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -R</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /mnt</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">reboot</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<p>如果一切正常，你现在应该能够从硬盘启动进入新安装的 Arch Linux 系统。</p>
<h3 id="71-确认网络连接正常">7.1 确认网络连接正常<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#71-确认网络连接正常" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>如果网络未连接，请先重复 1.2 和 1.3 步骤。</p>
<h3 id="72-安装-networkmanager-管理网络">7.2 安装 NetworkManager 管理网络<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#72-安装-networkmanager-管理网络" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>通过安装 NetworkManager，你可以快速在最小化系统中配置网络，确保系统能连接到互联网并正常工作。</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">pacman</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -S</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> networkmanager</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">systemctl</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> enable</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> NetworkManager</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">systemctl</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> start</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> NetworkManager</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="73-重启更新系统">7.3 重启更新系统<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#73-重启更新系统" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>首先，重启 Linux 确定 NetworkManager 工作正常，然后确保你的系统是最新的：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">reboot</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> pacman</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -Syu</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h2 id="8基本的桌面环境">8.基本的桌面环境<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#8基本的桌面环境" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<p>在 Arch Linux 上安装一个基本的桌面环境 (Desktop Environment, DE) 需要经过几个步骤，包括安装 X Window 系统、显卡驱动程序以及实际的桌面环境。以下是详细的步骤说明。</p>
<h3 id="81-安装-x-window-系统">8.1 安装 X Window 系统<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#81-安装-x-window-系统" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>X Window 系统是 Linux 上大多数桌面环境的基础。你需要安装 <code>xorg</code> 相关的包：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> pacman</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -S</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> xorg-server</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> xorg-apps</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> xorg-xinit</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> xterm</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<ul>
<li><code>xorg-server</code> 是 X 服务器。</li>
<li><code>xorg-apps</code> 是一些有用的 X 应用程序。</li>
<li><code>xorg-xinit</code> 是 X 启动器。</li>
<li><code>xterm</code> 是一个基本的终端仿真器，供测试 X 环境使用。</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="82-安装显卡驱动程序可选">8.2 安装显卡驱动程序（可选）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#82-安装显卡驱动程序可选" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>根据你的显卡类型，安装相应的驱动程序。</p>
<h4 id="821-对于-intel-显卡">8.2.1 对于 Intel 显卡<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#821-对于-intel-显卡" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> pacman</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -S</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> xf86-video-intel</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h4 id="822-对于-nvidia-显卡">8.2.2 对于 NVIDIA 显卡：<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#822-对于-nvidia-显卡" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 开源驱动</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> pacman</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -S</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> nvidia</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> nvidia-utils</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> nvidia-settings</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 闭源驱动</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> pacman</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -S</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> xf86-video-nouveau</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h4 id="823-对于-amd-显卡">8.2.3 对于 AMD 显卡<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#823-对于-amd-显卡" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> pacman</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -S</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> xf86-video-amdgpu</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="83-安装桌面环境">8.3 安装桌面环境<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#83-安装桌面环境" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>你可以选择多种桌面环境，根据你的需求选择一个。这里我将介绍如何安装几个常见的桌面环境。</p>
<h4 id="831-安装-gnome-桌面环境">8.3.1 安装 GNOME 桌面环境<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#831-安装-gnome-桌面环境" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p>GNOME 是一个功能齐全的桌面环境，适合需要稳定和易用性的用户。</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> pacman</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -S</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> gnome</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> gnome-extra</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<p>安装完成后，启用 <code>gdm</code>（GNOME Display Manager）：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> systemctl</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> enable</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> gdm</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> systemctl</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> start</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> gdm</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h4 id="832-安装-kde-plasma-桌面环境">8.3.2 安装 KDE Plasma 桌面环境<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#832-安装-kde-plasma-桌面环境" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p>KDE Plasma 是一个高度可定制的桌面环境，适合喜欢自定义的用户。</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> pacman</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -S</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> plasma</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> kde-applications</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<p>安装完成后，启用 <code>sddm</code>（Simple Desktop Display Manager）：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> systemctl</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> enable</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> sddm</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> systemctl</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> start</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> sddm</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h4 id="833-安装-xfce-桌面环境">8.3.3 安装 XFCE 桌面环境<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#833-安装-xfce-桌面环境" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p>XFCE 是一个轻量级且资源占用较低的桌面环境，适合性能较弱的机器。</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> pacman</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -S</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> xfce4</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> xfce4-goodies</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<p>你可以选择安装 <code>lightdm</code> 作为显示管理器：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> pacman</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -S</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> lightdm</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> lightdm-gtk-greeter</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> systemctl</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> enable</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> lightdm</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> systemctl</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> start</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> lightdm</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="84-使用-startx-启动">8.4 使用 <code>startx</code> 启动<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#84-使用-startx-启动" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>如果你不使用显示管理器而是手动使用 <code>startx</code> 启动桌面环境，需要编辑 <code>.xinitrc</code> 文件。</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">nano</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> ~/.xinitrc</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<p>在文件末尾添加你选择的桌面环境启动命令：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># GNOME</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">exec</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> gnome-session</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># KDE Plasma</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">exec</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> startplasma-x11</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># XFCE</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">exec</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> startxfce4</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<p>保存并退出，然后通过 <code>startx</code> 启动桌面环境：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">startx</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="85-重启系统并登录">8.5 重启系统并登录<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#85-重启系统并登录" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>重启系统后，你应该会被引导至图形登录界面。如果使用了显示管理器（如 GDM、SDDM 或 LightDM），你可以选择相应的桌面环境并登录。</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> reboot</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<p>通过这些步骤，你将成功安装并配置一个基本的桌面环境，并能够在 Arch Linux 上运行图形化应用程序。如果有任何问题或需要进一步的帮助，请随时提问。</p>
<h2 id="9完整的工作环境">9.完整的工作环境<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#9完整的工作环境" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<p>如果要将 Arch Linux 从一个最小的基础系统升级为一个功能齐全的工作环境，你需要安装和配置一些常用的工具和软件包。以下是一个全面的步骤指南，帮助你将 Arch Linux 系统完善到适合日常使用的状态。</p>
<h3 id="91-更新系统">9.1 更新系统<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#91-更新系统" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>确保你的系统和包管理器处于最新状态：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> pacman</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -Syu</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="92-安装基础开发工具">9.2 安装基础开发工具<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#92-安装基础开发工具" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>这些工具对于编译软件或开发环境非常重要：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> pacman</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -S</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> base-devel</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<p><code>base-devel</code> 包括 <code>gcc</code>、<code>make</code>、<code>binutils</code> 等常用的开发工具。</p>
<h3 id="93-安装网络工具">9.3 安装网络工具<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#93-安装网络工具" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>一些常用的网络工具，如 <code>wget</code>、<code>curl</code> 和 <code>net-tools</code>，在日常使用中非常有用：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> pacman</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -S</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> wget</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> curl</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> net-tools</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> openssh</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="94-安装文件系统和磁盘管理工具">9.4 安装文件系统和磁盘管理工具<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#94-安装文件系统和磁盘管理工具" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>这些工具有助于管理磁盘、文件系统和分区：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> pacman</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -S</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> dosfstools</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> exfat-utils</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> ntfs-3g</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> gparted</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<ul>
<li><code>dosfstools</code> 和 <code>exfat-utils</code>：支持 FAT 和 exFAT 文件系统。</li>
<li><code>ntfs-3g</code>：支持 NTFS 文件系统。</li>
<li><code>gparted</code>：一个图形化的分区管理工具。</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="95-安装常用编辑器">9.5 安装常用编辑器<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#95-安装常用编辑器" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>根据你的喜好安装文本编辑器：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> pacman</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -S</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> vim</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> nano</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<ul>
<li><code>vim</code>：功能强大的文本编辑器。</li>
<li><code>nano</code>：简单易用的文本编辑器。</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="96-安装常用终端工具">9.6 安装常用终端工具<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#96-安装常用终端工具" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>一些增强终端体验的工具：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> pacman</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -S</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> htop</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> tmux</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> screen</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> neofetch</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<ul>
<li><code>htop</code>：互动的进程查看器。</li>
<li><code>tmux</code> 和 <code>screen</code>：终端复用器，允许在单个终端中运行多个会话。</li>
<li><code>neofetch</code>：显示系统信息的工具。</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="97-安装常用压缩工具">9.7 安装常用压缩工具<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#97-安装常用压缩工具" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>安装一些常用的归档和解压工具：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> pacman</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -S</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> unzip</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> p7zip</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> tar</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> gzip</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="98-安装常用字体">9.8 安装常用字体<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#98-安装常用字体" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>安装一些常用字体以改善图形界面和文档的显示：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> pacman</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -S</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> ttf-dejavu</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> ttf-liberation</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> noto-fonts</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="99-安装浏览器">9.9 安装浏览器<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#99-安装浏览器" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>选择并安装一个适合你的浏览器：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> pacman</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -S</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> firefox</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<p>你也可以选择 <code>chromium</code>，或者在 AUR 中安装 <code>google-chrome</code>。</p>
<h3 id="910-安装常用的多媒体工具">9.10 安装常用的多媒体工具<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#910-安装常用的多媒体工具" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>多媒体播放和管理工具：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> pacman</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -S</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> vlc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> mpv</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<ul>
<li><code>vlc</code>：功能强大的媒体播放器。</li>
<li><code>mpv</code>：轻量级的媒体播放器。</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="911-安装办公软件">9.11 安装办公软件<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#911-安装办公软件" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>如果需要办公软件，可以安装 LibreOffice：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> pacman</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -S</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> libreoffice-fresh</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="912-安装-aur-助手">9.12 安装 AUR 助手<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#912-安装-aur-助手" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>Arch User Repository (AUR) 包含了大量社区维护的软件包，安装一个 AUR 助手会方便很多。<code>yay</code> 是一个常用的 AUR 助手。</p>
<p>首先，确保你安装了 <code>git</code>：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> pacman</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -S</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> git</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<p>然后，克隆 <code>yay</code> 的仓库并安装它：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">cd</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> /opt</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> git</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> clone</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> https://aur.archlinux.org/yay.git</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> chown</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -R</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> $USER</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">:</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">$USER </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">yay</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">cd</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> yay</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">makepkg</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -si</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<p>安装完成后，你可以通过 <code>yay -S &lt;package_name></code> 安装 AUR 软件包。</p>
<h3 id="913-安装实用工具">9.13 安装实用工具<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#913-安装实用工具" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>安装一些实用工具提高使用体验：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> pacman</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -S</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> ranger</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> fzf</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> fd</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> ripgrep</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<ul>
<li><code>ranger</code>：终端文件管理器。</li>
<li><code>fzf</code>：模糊查找工具。</li>
<li><code>fd</code> 和 <code>ripgrep</code>：快速文件和内容查找工具。</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="914-安装打印和扫描支持">9.14 安装打印和扫描支持<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#914-安装打印和扫描支持" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>如果你有打印和扫描需求，可以安装以下软件包：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> pacman</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -S</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> cups</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> hplip</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> simple-scan</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<ul>
<li><code>cups</code>：打印服务管理器。</li>
<li><code>hplip</code>：HP 打印机驱动（适用于 HP 打印机用户）。</li>
<li><code>simple-scan</code>：简单易用的扫描工具。</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="915-安装虚拟机支持">9.15 安装虚拟机支持<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#915-安装虚拟机支持" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>如果你打算在 Arch Linux 上运行虚拟机，安装 <code>VirtualBox</code> 及其扩展包：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> pacman</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -S</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> virtualbox</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> virtualbox-host-modules-arch</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="916-启用常用服务">9.16 启用常用服务<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#916-启用常用服务" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>确保一些关键服务开机自启，例如：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> systemctl</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> enable</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> sshd</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> systemctl</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> enable</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> cups</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> systemctl</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> enable</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> NetworkManager</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="917-安装额外的文件系统支持">9.17 安装额外的文件系统支持<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#917-安装额外的文件系统支持" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>支持额外的文件系统，例如 <code>btrfs</code> 或 <code>zfs</code>：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> pacman</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -S</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> btrfs-progs</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<p>如果需要 ZFS 支持，可以从 AUR 安装 <code>zfs-linux</code>。</p>
<h3 id="918-清理不需要的包">9.18 清理不需要的包<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#918-清理不需要的包" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>清理系统中不再需要的孤立包：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">sudo</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> pacman</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -Rns</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> $(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">pacman</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -Qdtq</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre></figure></article><hr/><div class="page-footer"></div></div><div class="right sidebar"><div class="graph"><h3>关系图谱</h3><div class="graph-outer"><div id="graph-container" data-cfg="{&quot;drag&quot;:true,&quot;zoom&quot;:true,&quot;depth&quot;:1,&quot;scale&quot;:1.1,&quot;repelForce&quot;:0.5,&quot;centerForce&quot;:0.3,&quot;linkDistance&quot;:30,&quot;fontSize&quot;:0.6,&quot;opacityScale&quot;:1,&quot;showTags&quot;:true,&quot;removeTags&quot;:[],&quot;focusOnHover&quot;:false}"></div><button id="global-graph-icon" aria-label="Global Graph"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 55 55" fill="currentColor" xml:space="preserve"><path d="M49,0c-3.309,0-6,2.691-6,6c0,1.035,0.263,2.009,0.726,2.86l-9.829,9.829C32.542,17.634,30.846,17,29,17
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