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<html lang="zh"><head><title>简介</title><meta charset="utf-8"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=IBM Plex Mono&family=Noto Serif Simplified Chinese:wght@400;700&family=Source Sans Pro:ital,wght@0,400;0,600;1,400;1,600&display=swap"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/><meta property="og:title" content="简介"/><meta property="og:description" content="Docker 的基础简介."/><meta property="og:image" content="https://wiki.7wate.com/static/og-image.png"/><meta property="og:width" content="1200"/><meta property="og:height" content="675"/><link rel="icon" href="../../../../static/icon.png"/><meta name="description" content="Docker 的基础简介."/><meta name="generator" content="Quartz"/><link href="../../../../index.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" spa-preserve/><link href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/KaTeX/0.16.9/katex.min.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" spa-preserve/><script src="../../../../prescript.js" type="application/javascript" spa-preserve></script><script type="application/javascript" spa-preserve>const fetchData = fetch("../../../../static/contentIndex.json").then(data => data.json())</script></head><body data-slug="Technology/OperatingSystem/Docker/基础/简介"><div id="quartz-root" class="page"><div id="quartz-body"><div class="left sidebar"><h2 class="page-title"><a href="../../../..">🪴 X·Eden</a></h2><div class="spacer mobile-only"></div><div class="search"><button class="search-button" id="search-button"><p>搜索</p><svg role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 19.9 19.7"><title>Search</title><g class="search-path" fill="none"><path stroke-linecap="square" d="M18.5 18.3l-5.4-5.4"></path><circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7"></circle></g></svg></button><div id="search-container"><div id="search-space"><input autocomplete="off" id="search-bar" name="search" type="text" aria-label="搜索些什么" placeholder="搜索些什么"/><div id="search-layout" data-preview="true"></div></div></div></div><button class="darkmode" id="darkmode"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" id="dayIcon" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 35 35" style="enable-background:new 0 0 35 35" xml:space="preserve" aria-label="暗色模式"><title>暗色模式</title><path d="M6,17.5C6,16.672,5.328,16,4.5,16h-3C0.672,16,0,16.672,0,17.5 S0.672,19,1.5,19h3C5.328,19,6,18.328,6,17.5z M7.5,26c-0.414,0-0.789,0.168-1.061,0.439l-2,2C4.168,28.711,4,29.086,4,29.5 C4,30.328,4.671,31,5.5,31c0.414,0,0.789-0.168,1.06-0.44l2-2C8.832,28.289,9,27.914,9,27.5C9,26.672,8.329,26,7.5,26z M17.5,6 C18.329,6,19,5.328,19,4.5v-3C19,0.672,18.329,0,17.5,0S16,0.672,16,1.5v3C16,5.328,16.671,6,17.5,6z M27.5,9 c0.414,0,0.789-0.168,1.06-0.439l2-2C30.832,6.289,31,5.914,31,5.5C31,4.672,30.329,4,29.5,4c-0.414,0-0.789,0.168-1.061,0.44 l-2,2C26.168,6.711,26,7.086,26,7.5C26,8.328,26.671,9,27.5,9z M6.439,8.561C6.711,8.832,7.086,9,7.5,9C8.328,9,9,8.328,9,7.5 c0-0.414-0.168-0.789-0.439-1.061l-2-2C6.289,4.168,5.914,4,5.5,4C4.672,4,4,4.672,4,5.5c0,0.414,0.168,0.789,0.439,1.06 L6.439,8.561z M33.5,16h-3c-0.828,0-1.5,0.672-1.5,1.5s0.672,1.5,1.5,1.5h3c0.828,0,1.5-0.672,1.5-1.5S34.328,16,33.5,16z M28.561,26.439C28.289,26.168,27.914,26,27.5,26c-0.828,0-1.5,0.672-1.5,1.5c0,0.414,0.168,0.789,0.439,1.06l2,2 C28.711,30.832,29.086,31,29.5,31c0.828,0,1.5-0.672,1.5-1.5c0-0.414-0.168-0.789-0.439-1.061L28.561,26.439z M17.5,29 c-0.829,0-1.5,0.672-1.5,1.5v3c0,0.828,0.671,1.5,1.5,1.5s1.5-0.672,1.5-1.5v-3C19,29.672,18.329,29,17.5,29z M17.5,7 C11.71,7,7,11.71,7,17.5S11.71,28,17.5,28S28,23.29,28,17.5S23.29,7,17.5,7z M17.5,25c-4.136,0-7.5-3.364-7.5-7.5 c0-4.136,3.364-7.5,7.5-7.5c4.136,0,7.5,3.364,7.5,7.5C25,21.636,21.636,25,17.5,25z"></path></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" id="nightIcon" x="0px" y="0px" view
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<p>Docker 是一种开源的容器化技术，它允许开发者将应用及其运行环境打包在一个轻量级、可移植的容器中。这个容器可以在任何支持 Docker 的系统上运行，确保了应用在不同环境之间的一致性。可以把 Docker 容器看作是一个简化版的虚拟机，但与传统的虚拟机相比，它更为轻量和高效，因为<strong>容器直接运行在宿主机的操作系统内核上</strong>，而不需要额外的操作系统层。</p>
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<p>想象一下，如果你是一位厨师，Docker 就像是你的食材和调料被一起打包在一个便携式的盒子里。无论你去到哪个厨房（服务器），只要那里有 Docker（相当于一个标准的炉子），你就能够使用那个盒子里的东西（应用和环境）来准备你的菜肴（运行你的应用）。</p>
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<p>我们还可以把 Docker 想象成一种创新的快递服务。它不仅提供了一个标准化的包裹盒（容器），而且还确保了无论包裹被送到哪里（无论是开发、测试还是生产环境），里面的物品（应用和环境）都能够完好无损地到达。</p>
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<h2 id="历史">历史<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#历史" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
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<p><img src="https://static.7wate.com/2024/02/20/3427dbb6bfbf5b14c54971102ffc382d-Docker%20History.svg" alt/></p>
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<p><strong>2013 年：Docker 的诞生</strong></p>
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<p>Docker 最初是由 Solomon Hykes 在 dotCloud 公司（后来改名为 Docker Inc.）开发的一个内部项目，旨在简化应用的部署过程。它基于 Linux 容器（LXC）技术，并在 2013 年 3 月以开源项目的形式发布。</p>
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<p><strong>2014 年：Docker 1.0 发布</strong></p>
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<p>Docker 迅速获得开发者社区的关注和支持。2014 年 6 月，Docker 1.0 正式发布，标志着 Docker 成为生产环境准备就绪的技术。</p>
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<p><strong>2015 年：Docker Compose 和 Docker Swarm 的推出</strong></p>
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<p>随着 Docker 的普及，用户开始寻求更好的工具来管理多个容器。Docker Compose 作为定义和运行多容器 Docker 应用的工具在 2015 年初推出。同年，Docker Swarm 也被引入作为 Docker 的原生集群管理工具。</p>
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<p><strong>2016 年：Docker 成为 Moby 项目</strong></p>
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<p>2016 年，Docker Inc.宣布将 Docker 核心分割为多个独立的组件，核心 Docker 平台被重命名为 Moby Project。这一变化旨在促进社区贡献，并提高项目的模块化。</p>
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<p><strong>2017 年：Docker 宣布支持 Kubernetes</strong></p>
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<p>随着 Kubernetes 成为容器编排领域的领导者，Docker Inc.在 2017 年宣布原生支持 Kubernetes，允许用户在 Docker 平台上直接使用 Kubernetes 进行容器编排。</p>
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<p><strong>2019 年：Docker 企业业务被 Mirantis 收购</strong></p>
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<p>2019 年 11 月，Docker Inc.宣布将其企业业务出售给云计算公司 Mirantis，同时 Docker Inc.将专注于发展 Docker Desktop 和 Docker Hub。</p>
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<p><strong>2020 年及以后：Docker 的持续发展</strong></p>
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<p>即使在企业业务被出售后，Docker 仍然是开发和运行容器化应用最流行的平台之一。Docker 继续推出新版本，增加新特性，并优化用户体验。同时，社区和生态系统也在不断壮大，为 Docker 的未来发展提供了坚实的基础。</p>
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<p>Docker 的发展历史体现了容器技术在软件开发和部署中的革命性变化。从一个小型内部项目到成为全球广泛采用的开源平台，Docker 不仅改变了我们构建和部署应用的方式，也促进了 DevOps 文化和微服务架构的发展。</p>
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<h2 id="优势">优势<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#优势" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
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<p>Docker 提供了许多优势，包括但不限于：</p>
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<ol>
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<li><strong>一致性和可移植性</strong>：无论开发者的本地机器使用什么操作系统，Docker 容器都能确保应用可以在任何支持 Docker 的环境中以相同的方式运行。</li>
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<li><strong>快速部署</strong>：由于容器不需要启动一个完整的操作系统，它们可以在几秒钟内启动和停止，这大大加快了部署和扩展应用的速度。</li>
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<li><strong>资源高效</strong>：容器共享宿主机的核心，不需要额外的操作系统负担，这使得它们比虚拟机更加资源高效。</li>
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<li><strong>隔离</strong>：每个容器都在自己的环境中运行，与其他容器隔离。这提高了安全性，因为它防止了应用之间的干扰。</li>
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</ol>
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<h2 id="应用场景">应用场景<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#应用场景" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
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<p>Docker 可以用于多种场景，包括：</p>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>开发环境的一致性</strong>：确保开发、测试和生产环境完全一致，减少了“在我这里运行得好好的”问题。</li>
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<li><strong>微服务架构</strong>：每个微服务运行在自己的容器中，便于管理和扩展。</li>
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<li><strong>持续集成/持续部署（CI/CD）</strong>：Docker 容器可以用于自动化测试和生产部署，提高软件交付的速度和质量。</li>
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<li><strong>应用的快速部署和扩展</strong>：在云平台和虚拟化环境中快速部署和扩展应用。</li>
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</ul>
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<h2 id="同类产品对比">同类产品对比<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#同类产品对比" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
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<div class="table-container"><table><thead><tr><th>特性/产品</th><th>Docker</th><th>Kubernetes</th><th>Podman</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>定义</strong></td><td>开源容器化平台，允许开发者打包、分发和运行应用。</td><td>开源的容器编排平台，用于自动化容器的部署、扩展和管理。</td><td>开源容器化工具，允许开发者构建、运行和管理容器和容器镜像。</td></tr><tr><td><strong>设计目标</strong></td><td>简化应用的打包和部署流程。</td><td>在集群中自动化部署、扩展和操作容器化的应用程序。</td><td>提供一个与 Docker 兼容的命令行界面，但不依赖于守护进程，更加注重安全性。</td></tr><tr><td><strong>运行环境</strong></td><td>单机或 Swarm 模式下的多机环境。</td><td>集群环境，可以跨多个主机运行容器。</td><td>单机，支持通过 Podman 或 Kubernetes 进行编排。</td></tr><tr><td><strong>安全性</strong></td><td>通过 Docker 守护进程运行，需要考虑守护进程的安全性。</td><td>设计用于多租户场景，提供严格的安全策略。</td><td>不需要守护进程，每个容器都是在用户空间中作为独立进程运行，提供更高的安全性。</td></tr><tr><td><strong>使用场景</strong></td><td>开发、测试和生产环境中的应用容器化和微服务架构。</td><td>大规模容器管理和自动化部署、管理和扩展容器化应用。</td><td>适用于希望避免使用守护进程或寻求更高安全性的开发者和系统管理员。</td></tr><tr><td><strong>社区和生态</strong></td><td>庞大的社区支持和丰富的容器镜像库。</td><td>强大的社区支持，是云原生计算基金会（CNCF）的一部分，拥有广泛的生态系统。</td><td>正在快速增长的社区，与 Docker 镜像和容器生态系统兼容。</td></tr><tr><td><strong>主要优势</strong></td><td>用户友好的界面和命令行工具，广泛的采用和支持。</td><td>强大的容器编排和管理能力，适合大规模部署。</td><td>更适合安全敏感的环境，无需守护进程，支持 rootless 运行。</td></tr></tbody></table></div></article><hr/><div class="page-footer"></div></div><div class="right sidebar"><div class="graph"><h3>关系图谱</h3><div class="graph-outer"><div id="graph-container" data-cfg="{"drag":true,"zoom":true,"depth":1,"scale":1.1,"repelForce":0.5,"centerForce":0.3,"linkDistance":30,"fontSize":0.6,"opacityScale":1,"showTags":true,"removeTags":[],"focusOnHover":false}"></div><button id="global-graph-icon" aria-label="Global Graph"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 55 55" fill="currentColor" xml:space="preserve"><path d="M49,0c-3.309,0-6,2.691-6,6c0,1.035,0.263,2.009,0.726,2.86l-9.829,9.829C32.542,17.634,30.846,17,29,17
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s-2-0.897-2-2s0.897-2,2-2S47,39.897,47,41z M49,10c-2.206,0-4-1.794-4-4s1.794-4,4-4s4,1.794,4,4S51.206,10,49,10z"></path></svg></button></div><div id="global-graph-outer"><div id="global-graph-container" data-cfg="{"drag":true,"zoom":true,"depth":-1,"scale":0.9,"repelForce":0.5,"centerForce":0.3,"linkDistance":30,"fontSize":0.6,"opacityScale":1,"showTags":true,"removeTags":[],"focusOnHover":true}"></div></div></div><div class="toc desktop-only"><button type="button" id="toc" class aria-controls="toc-content" aria-expanded="true"><h3>目录</h3><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="fold"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg></button><div id="toc-content" class><ul class="overflow"><li class="depth-0"><a href="#概述" data-for="概述">概述</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#历史" data-for="历史">历史</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#优势" data-for="优势">优势</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#应用场景" data-for="应用场景">应用场景</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#同类产品对比" data-for="同类产品对比">同类产品对比</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="explorer mobile-only"><button type="button" id="explorer" data-behavior="collapse" data-collapsed="collapsed" data-savestate="true" data-tree="[{"path":"Personal","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2018","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2020","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2021","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2022","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2023","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2024","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/个人成长","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/医学健康","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/历史","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/哲学宗教","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/心理","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/政治军事","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/教育学习","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/文学","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/生活百科","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/社会文化","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/科学技术","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/经济理财","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/艺术","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/计算机","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Journal","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Journal/2022","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Journal/2022/W34","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Journal/2022/W35","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Journal/2022/W36","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Journal/2022/W37","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Journal/2022/W38","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Journal/2022/W39","collapsed":true},{"path":"Person
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