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<html lang="zh"><head><title>GnuPG 简明指南</title><meta charset="utf-8"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=IBM Plex Mono&amp;family=Noto Serif Simplified Chinese:wght@400;700&amp;family=Source Sans Pro:ital,wght@0,400;0,600;1,400;1,600&amp;display=swap"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/><meta property="og:title" content="GnuPG 简明指南"/><meta property="og:description" content="GnuPG 简明指南."/><meta property="og:image" content="https://wiki.7wate.com/static/og-image.png"/><meta property="og:width" content="1200"/><meta property="og:height" content="675"/><link rel="icon" href="../../../../static/icon.png"/><meta name="description" content="GnuPG 简明指南."/><meta name="generator" content="Quartz"/><link href="../../../../index.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" spa-preserve/><link href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/KaTeX/0.16.9/katex.min.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" spa-preserve/><script src="../../../../prescript.js" type="application/javascript" spa-preserve></script><script type="application/javascript" spa-preserve>const fetchData = fetch("../../../../static/contentIndex.json").then(data => data.json())</script></head><body data-slug="Technology/ComputerSecurity/信息安全/OpenPGP/GnuPG-简明指南"><div id="quartz-root" class="page"><div id="quartz-body"><div class="left sidebar"><h2 class="page-title"><a href="../../../..">🪴 X·Eden</a></h2><div class="spacer mobile-only"></div><div class="search"><button class="search-button" id="search-button"><p>搜索</p><svg role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 19.9 19.7"><title>Search</title><g class="search-path" fill="none"><path stroke-linecap="square" d="M18.5 18.3l-5.4-5.4"></path><circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7"></circle></g></svg></button><div id="search-container"><div id="search-space"><input autocomplete="off" id="search-bar" name="search" type="text" aria-label="搜索些什么" placeholder="搜索些什么"/><div id="search-layout" data-preview="true"></div></div></div></div><button class="darkmode" id="darkmode"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" id="dayIcon" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 35 35" style="enable-background:new 0 0 35 35" xml:space="preserve" aria-label="暗色模式"><title>暗色模式</title><path d="M6,17.5C6,16.672,5.328,16,4.5,16h-3C0.672,16,0,16.672,0,17.5 S0.672,19,1.5,19h3C5.328,19,6,18.328,6,17.5z M7.5,26c-0.414,0-0.789,0.168-1.061,0.439l-2,2C4.168,28.711,4,29.086,4,29.5 C4,30.328,4.671,31,5.5,31c0.414,0,0.789-0.168,1.06-0.44l2-2C8.832,28.289,9,27.914,9,27.5C9,26.672,8.329,26,7.5,26z M17.5,6 C18.329,6,19,5.328,19,4.5v-3C19,0.672,18.329,0,17.5,0S16,0.672,16,1.5v3C16,5.328,16.671,6,17.5,6z M27.5,9 c0.414,0,0.789-0.168,1.06-0.439l2-2C30.832,6.289,31,5.914,31,5.5C31,4.672,30.329,4,29.5,4c-0.414,0-0.789,0.168-1.061,0.44 l-2,2C26.168,6.711,26,7.086,26,7.5C26,8.328,26.671,9,27.5,9z M6.439,8.561C6.711,8.832,7.086,9,7.5,9C8.328,9,9,8.328,9,7.5 c0-0.414-0.168-0.789-0.439-1.061l-2-2C6.289,4.168,5.914,4,5.5,4C4.672,4,4,4.672,4,5.5c0,0.414,0.168,0.789,0.439,1.06 L6.439,8.561z M33.5,16h-3c-0.828,0-1.5,0.672-1.5,1.5s0.672,1.5,1.5,1.5h3c0.828,0,1.5-0.672,1.5-1.5S34.328,16,33.5,16z M28.561,26.439C28.289,26.168,27.914,26,27.5,26c-0.828,0-1.5,0.672-1.5,1.5c0,0.414,0.168,0.789,0.439,1.06l2,2 C28.711,30.832,29.086,31,29.5,31c0.828,0,1.5-0.672,1.5-1.5c0-0.414-0.168-0.789-0.439-1.061L28.561,26.439z M17.5,29 c-0.829,0-1.5,0.672-1.5,1.5v3c0,0.828,0.671,1.5,1.5,1.5s1.5-0.672,1.5-1.5v-3C19,29.672,18.329,29,17.5,29z M17.5,7 C11.71,7,7,11.71,7,17.5S11.71,28,17.5,28S28,23.29,28,17.5S23.29,7,17.5,7z M17.5,25c-4.136,0-7.5-3.364-7.5-7.5 c0-4.136,3.364-7.5,7.5-7.5c4.136,0,7.5,3.364,7.5,7.5C25,21.636,21.636,25,17.5,25z"></path></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1"
<p><a href="https://gnupg.org/" class="external">GnuPG<svg aria-hidden="true" class="external-icon" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M320 0H288V64h32 82.7L201.4 265.4 178.7 288 224 333.3l22.6-22.6L448 109.3V192v32h64V192 32 0H480 320zM32 32H0V64 480v32H32 456h32V480 352 320H424v32 96H64V96h96 32V32H160 32z"></path></svg></a>（GNU Privacy Guard，GPG）是一款开源软件，用于非对称加密。它是满足 GPL 协议的 PGP（Pretty Good Privacy）加密软件实现。GnuPG 依照由 IETF 制定的 OpenPGP 技术标准设计，用于加密、数字签章及产生非对称密钥对。GPG 与 PGP 功能兼容。</p>
<p>如果你想发送加密信息，首先你需要得到接收者的公钥，然后通过该公钥对信息进行加密传输，接收者使用私钥就可解密并读取文件。同时，你也可以在公共网络用数字签章表明身份和安全性。</p>
<h2 id="gpg">GPG<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#gpg" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<h3 id="安装">安装<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#安装" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>在 Linux 系统中，GnuPG 通常已经被默认安装。在 Windows 和 macOS 系统中，你可以从 <a href="https://gnupg.org/" class="external">GnuPG 官方网站<svg aria-hidden="true" class="external-icon" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M320 0H288V64h32 82.7L201.4 265.4 178.7 288 224 333.3l22.6-22.6L448 109.3V192v32h64V192 32 0H480 320zM32 32H0V64 480v32H32 456h32V480 352 320H424v32 96H64V96h96 32V32H160 32z"></path></svg></a> 下载安装。</p>
<h3 id="配置">配置<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#配置" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">~</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">/.gnupg - GPG 配置目录</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">~</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">/.gnupg/gpg.conf – GPG 配置文件</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">~</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">/.gnupg/trustdb.gpg – GPG 信任库，用于存储你信任的其他 GPG 密钥</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">~</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">/.gnupg/pubring.gpg – GPG 公钥库，用于存储你的公钥和他人的公钥</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">~</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">/.gnupg/secring.gpg – GPG 私钥库，用于存储你的私钥</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="生成密钥">生成密钥<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#生成密钥" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 正常模式</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gpg</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --gen-key</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 专家模式</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gpg</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --expert</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --full-gen-key</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">1.请选择您要使用的密钥种类：</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">1</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">RSA</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> and</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> RSA</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> (default)</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">2</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">DSA</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> and</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> Elgamal</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">3</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">DSA</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> (仅用于签名)</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">4</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">RSA</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> (仅用于签名)</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">您的选择？</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 1</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">2.RSA</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 密钥长度应在</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 1024</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 位与</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 4096</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 位之间。</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">您想要用多大的密钥尺寸？(2048</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)4096</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">您所要求的密钥尺寸是</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> 4096</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 位</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">请设定这把密钥的有效期限。</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> =</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 密钥永不过期</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> &lt;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">> </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 密钥在</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 天后过期</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> &lt;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">></span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">w</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> =</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 密钥在</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 周后过期</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> &lt;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">></span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">m</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> =</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 密钥在</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 月后过期</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> &lt;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">></span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">y</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> =</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 密钥在</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 年后过期</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">密钥的有效期限是？(0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">) 0</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">密钥永远不会过期</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">以上正确吗？(y/n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)y</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">3.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> You</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> need</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> a</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> user</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> ID</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> to</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> identify</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> your</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> key</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">; </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">the</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> software</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> constructs</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> the</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> user</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> ID</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">from</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> the</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> Real</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> Name,</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> Comment</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> and</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> Email</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> Address</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> in</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> this</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> form:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> &quot;Heinrich Heine (Der Dichter) &lt;heinrichh@duesseldorf.de>&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">真实姓名：zhouzhongping</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">电子邮件地址：zhouzhongping@7wate.com</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">注释：测试使用</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">您正在使用‘utf-8’字符集。</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">您选定了这个用户标识：</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> “zhouzhongping</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> (测试使用) </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">&lt;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">zhouzhongping@7wate.com</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">></span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">”</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">4.更改姓名(N</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)、注释(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">C</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)、电子邮件地址(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">E</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)或确定(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">O</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)/退出(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">Q</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)？o</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">5.您需要一个密码来保护您的私钥。</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">我们需要生成大量的随机字节。这个时候您可以多做些琐事(像是敲打键盘、移动</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">鼠标、读写硬盘之类的</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)，这会让随机数字发生器有更好的机会获得足够的熵数。</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h2 id="常用命令">常用命令<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#常用命令" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<h3 id="查看">查看<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#查看" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 查看公钥</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gpg</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --list-keys</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gpg</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -k</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 查看私钥</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gpg</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --list-secret-keys</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gpg</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -K</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="编辑">编辑<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#编辑" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 编辑密钥页面</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gpg</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --edit-key</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> [密钥ID]</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<p><strong>GPG 以下命令需要进入编辑密钥页面。</strong></p>
<div class="table-container"><table><thead><tr><th>命令</th><th>描述</th><th>示例</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>quit</td><td>退出此菜单</td><td>无需示例，直接输入 <code>quit</code> 即可</td></tr><tr><td>save</td><td>保存并退出</td><td>无需示例，直接输入 <code>save</code> 即可</td></tr><tr><td>help</td><td>显示此帮助</td><td>无需示例，直接输入 <code>help</code> 即可</td></tr><tr><td>fpr</td><td>显示密钥指纹</td><td><code>fpr</code></td></tr><tr><td>list</td><td>列出密钥和用户标识</td><td><code>list</code></td></tr><tr><td>uid</td><td>选择用户标识 N</td><td><code>uid 1</code></td></tr><tr><td>key</td><td>选择子密钥 N</td><td><code>key 1</code></td></tr><tr><td>check</td><td>检查签名</td><td><code>check</code></td></tr><tr><td>sign</td><td>为所选用户标识添加签名</td><td><code>uid 1</code>, 然后 <code>sign</code></td></tr><tr><td>lsign</td><td>为所选用户标识添加本地签名</td><td><code>uid 1</code>, 然后 <code>lsign</code></td></tr><tr><td>tsign</td><td>为所选用户标识添加信任签名</td><td><code>uid 1</code>, 然后 <code>tsign</code></td></tr><tr><td>adduid</td><td>增加一个用户标识</td><td><code>adduid</code>, 然后按提示操作</td></tr><tr><td>deluid</td><td>删除选定的用户标识</td><td><code>uid 1</code>, 然后 <code>deluid</code></td></tr><tr><td>addkey</td><td>增加一个子密钥</td><td><code>addkey</code>, 然后按提示操作</td></tr><tr><td>delkey</td><td>删除选定的子密钥</td><td><code>key 1</code>, 然后 <code>delkey</code></td></tr><tr><td>expire</td><td>变更密钥或所选子密钥的使用期限</td><td><code>key 1</code>, 然后 <code>expire</code>, 接着按提示输入新的到期日</td></tr><tr><td>passwd</td><td>变更密码</td><td><code>passwd</code>, 然后按提示输入新密码</td></tr><tr><td>trust</td><td>变更信任度</td><td><code>trust</code>, 然后按提示选择新的信任级别</td></tr><tr><td>revsig</td><td>吊销所选用户标识上的签名</td><td><code>uid 1</code>, 然后 <code>revsig</code></td></tr><tr><td>revuid</td><td>吊销选定的用户标识</td><td><code>uid 1</code>, 然后 <code>revuid</code></td></tr><tr><td>revkey</td><td>吊销密钥或选定的子密钥</td><td><code>key 1</code>, 然后 <code>revkey</code></td></tr><tr><td>enable</td><td>启用密钥</td><td><code>enable</code></td></tr><tr><td>disable</td><td>禁用密钥</td><td><code>disable</code></td></tr><tr><td>clean</td><td>压缩不可用的用户标识并从密钥上移除不可用的签名</td><td><code>clean</code></td></tr><tr><td>minimize</td><td>压缩不可用的用户标识并从密钥上移除所有签名</td><td><code>minimize</code></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<h3 id="导出">导出<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#导出" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 导出公钥</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gpg</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --armor</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --output</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> public-key.txt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --export</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> [密钥ID]</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 导出私钥</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gpg</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --armor</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --output</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> private-key.txt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --export-secret-keys</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> [密钥ID]</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<p>在这里，<code>--armor</code> 选项会生成.asc 后缀的 ASCII 类型的文本文件，如果不使用该选项，则会生成.gpg 后缀的二进制文件。</p>
<h3 id="导入">导入<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#导入" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 从本地文件导入密钥</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gpg</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --import</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> [密钥文件]</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 从服务器导入密钥</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gpg</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --keyserver</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> [服务器] --search-keys [用户ID]</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="公布">公布<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#公布" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 将密钥发布到公开服务器</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gpg</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --send-keys</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> [密钥ID] --keyserver [服务器]</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 发布用户指纹</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gpg</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --fingerprint</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> [密钥ID]</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="删除">删除<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#删除" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 删除指定公钥</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gpg</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --delete-key</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> [密钥ID]</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 删除指定私钥</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gpg</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --delete-secret-keys</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> [密钥ID]</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h2 id="常用选项">常用选项<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#常用选项" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<div class="table-container"><table><thead><tr><th>命令选项</th><th>描述</th><th>示例</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>—list-keys</td><td>列出所有的密钥</td><td><code>gpg --list-keys</code></td></tr><tr><td>—gen-key</td><td>生成新的密钥对</td><td><code>gpg --gen-key</code></td></tr><tr><td>—delete-key</td><td>删除密钥</td><td><code>gpg --delete-key [key-id]</code></td></tr><tr><td>—import</td><td>导入密钥</td><td><code>gpg --import [key-file]</code></td></tr><tr><td>—export</td><td>导出公钥</td><td><code>gpg --export -a &quot;User Name&quot; > public.key</code></td></tr><tr><td>—armor</td><td>创建 ASCII 字符格式的输出（用于在邮件等场合）</td><td><code>gpg --armor --export [key-id]</code></td></tr><tr><td>—encrypt</td><td>加密文件</td><td><code>gpg --encrypt --recipient [key-id] [file]</code></td></tr><tr><td>—decrypt</td><td>解密文件</td><td><code>gpg --decrypt [file]</code></td></tr><tr><td>—sign</td><td>生成只有你自己可以识别的签名文件</td><td><code>gpg --sign [file]</code></td></tr><tr><td>—verify</td><td>验证签名文件</td><td><code>gpg --verify [file]</code></td></tr><tr><td>—edit-key</td><td>编辑密钥的详细设置，例如添加/删除别名、设置过期时间等</td><td><code>gpg --edit-key [key-id]</code></td></tr><tr><td>—send-keys</td><td>将密钥发送到 keyserver</td><td><code>gpg --send-keys [key-id]</code></td></tr><tr><td>—recv-keys</td><td>从 keyserver 接收密钥</td><td><code>gpg --recv-keys [key-id]</code></td></tr><tr><td>—refresh-keys</td><td>从 keyserver 更新所有密钥的信息</td><td><code>gpg --refresh-keys</code></td></tr><tr><td>—full-generate-key</td><td>使用全面设置来生成新的密钥对</td><td><code>gpg --full-generate-key</code></td></tr><tr><td>—quick-add-uid</td><td>快速添加新的用户 ID 到现有的密钥</td><td><code>gpg --quick-add-uid [key-id] [User ID]</code></td></tr><tr><td>—change-passphrase</td><td>改变密钥的保护密码</td><td><code>gpg --change-passphrase [key-id]</code></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<h2 id="加密和解密">加密和解密<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#加密和解密" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 加密文件</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gpg</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --recipient</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> [密钥ID] --output demo.en.txt --encrypt demo.txt</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 解密文件</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gpg</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --decrypt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> demo.en.txt</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --output</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> demo.de.txt</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gpg</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> demo.en.txt</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 签名文件（GPG格式）</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gpg</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --sign</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> test.txt</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 签名文件（ASCII格式）</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gpg</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --clearsign</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> test.txt</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 生成单独签名</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># -a 选项会生成 ASCII 格式的签名</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gpg</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -a</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --detach-sign</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> test.txt</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 验证签名</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">gpg</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --verify</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> test.txt.asc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> test.txt</span></span></code></pre></figure></article><hr/><div class="page-footer"></div></div><div class="right sidebar"><div class="graph"><h3>关系图谱</h3><div class="graph-outer"><div id="graph-container" data-cfg="{&quot;drag&quot;:true,&quot;zoom&quot;:true,&quot;depth&quot;:1,&quot;scale&quot;:1.1,&quot;repelForce&quot;:0.5,&quot;centerForce&quot;:0.3,&quot;linkDistance&quot;:30,&quot;fontSize&quot;:0.6,&quot;opacityScale&quot;:1,&quot;showTags&quot;:true,&quot;removeTags&quot;:[],&quot;focusOnHover&quot;:false}"></div><button id="global-graph-icon" aria-label="Global Graph"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 55 55" fill="currentColor" xml:space="preserve"><path d="M49,0c-3.309,0-6,2.691-6,6c0,1.035,0.263,2.009,0.726,2.86l-9.829,9.829C32.542,17.634,30.846,17,29,17
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