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<html lang="zh"><head><title>IT 基础架构</title><meta charset="utf-8"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=IBM Plex Mono&family=Noto Serif Simplified Chinese:wght@400;700&family=Source Sans Pro:ital,wght@0,400;0,600;1,400;1,600&display=swap"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/><meta property="og:title" content="IT 基础架构"/><meta property="og:description" content="IT 基础架构."/><meta property="og:image" content="https://wiki.7wate.com/static/og-image.png"/><meta property="og:width" content="1200"/><meta property="og:height" content="675"/><link rel="icon" href="../../../static/icon.png"/><meta name="description" content="IT 基础架构."/><meta name="generator" content="Quartz"/><link href="../../../index.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" spa-preserve/><link href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/KaTeX/0.16.9/katex.min.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" spa-preserve/><script src="../../../prescript.js" type="application/javascript" spa-preserve></script><script type="application/javascript" spa-preserve>const fetchData = fetch("../../../static/contentIndex.json").then(data => data.json())</script></head><body data-slug="Technology/CloudService/基础/IT-基础架构"><div id="quartz-root" class="page"><div id="quartz-body"><div class="left sidebar"><h2 class="page-title"><a href="../../..">🪴 X·Eden</a></h2><div class="spacer mobile-only"></div><div class="search"><button class="search-button" id="search-button"><p>搜索</p><svg role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 19.9 19.7"><title>Search</title><g class="search-path" fill="none"><path stroke-linecap="square" d="M18.5 18.3l-5.4-5.4"></path><circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7"></circle></g></svg></button><div id="search-container"><div id="search-space"><input autocomplete="off" id="search-bar" name="search" type="text" aria-label="搜索些什么" placeholder="搜索些什么"/><div id="search-layout" data-preview="true"></div></div></div></div><button class="darkmode" id="darkmode"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" id="dayIcon" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 35 35" style="enable-background:new 0 0 35 35" xml:space="preserve" aria-label="暗色模式"><title>暗色模式</title><path d="M6,17.5C6,16.672,5.328,16,4.5,16h-3C0.672,16,0,16.672,0,17.5 S0.672,19,1.5,19h3C5.328,19,6,18.328,6,17.5z M7.5,26c-0.414,0-0.789,0.168-1.061,0.439l-2,2C4.168,28.711,4,29.086,4,29.5 C4,30.328,4.671,31,5.5,31c0.414,0,0.789-0.168,1.06-0.44l2-2C8.832,28.289,9,27.914,9,27.5C9,26.672,8.329,26,7.5,26z M17.5,6 C18.329,6,19,5.328,19,4.5v-3C19,0.672,18.329,0,17.5,0S16,0.672,16,1.5v3C16,5.328,16.671,6,17.5,6z M27.5,9 c0.414,0,0.789-0.168,1.06-0.439l2-2C30.832,6.289,31,5.914,31,5.5C31,4.672,30.329,4,29.5,4c-0.414,0-0.789,0.168-1.061,0.44 l-2,2C26.168,6.711,26,7.086,26,7.5C26,8.328,26.671,9,27.5,9z M6.439,8.561C6.711,8.832,7.086,9,7.5,9C8.328,9,9,8.328,9,7.5 c0-0.414-0.168-0.789-0.439-1.061l-2-2C6.289,4.168,5.914,4,5.5,4C4.672,4,4,4.672,4,5.5c0,0.414,0.168,0.789,0.439,1.06 L6.439,8.561z M33.5,16h-3c-0.828,0-1.5,0.672-1.5,1.5s0.672,1.5,1.5,1.5h3c0.828,0,1.5-0.672,1.5-1.5S34.328,16,33.5,16z M28.561,26.439C28.289,26.168,27.914,26,27.5,26c-0.828,0-1.5,0.672-1.5,1.5c0,0.414,0.168,0.789,0.439,1.06l2,2 C28.711,30.832,29.086,31,29.5,31c0.828,0,1.5-0.672,1.5-1.5c0-0.414-0.168-0.789-0.439-1.061L28.561,26.439z M17.5,29 c-0.829,0-1.5,0.672-1.5,1.5v3c0,0.828,0.671,1.5,1.5,1.5s1.5-0.672,1.5-1.5v-3C19,29.672,18.329,29,17.5,29z M17.5,7 C11.71,7,7,11.71,7,17.5S11.71,28,17.5,28S28,23.29,28,17.5S23.29,7,17.5,7z M17.5,25c-4.136,0-7.5-3.364-7.5-7.5 c0-4.136,3.364-7.5,7.5-7.5c4.136,0,7.5,3.364,7.5,7.5C25,21.636,21.636,25,17.5,25z"></path></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" id="nightIcon" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100
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<p>**信息技术（IT）基础架构是指运行和管理企业 IT 环境所需的组件。**IT 基础架构可以部署在云计算系统中，也可以部署在企业自己的设施中。</p>
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<p>这些组件包括硬件、软件、网络组件、操作系统（OS）和数据存储，它们共同提供了各种 IT 服务和解决方案。IT 基础架构产品可以是运行于现有 IT 资源之上的可下载软件应用（例如软件定义存储），也可以是服务提供商提供的在线解决方案（例如基础架构即服务，IaaS）。</p>
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<h2 id="it-基础架构的组件">IT 基础架构的组件<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#it-基础架构的组件" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
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<h3 id="硬件物理">硬件（物理）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#硬件物理" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
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<p>硬件包括服务器、数据中心、个人电脑、路由器、交换机及其他设备。</p>
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<p>基础架构也包括存放数据中心以及为其提供冷却和供电服务的设施。</p>
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<h3 id="软件逻辑">软件（逻辑）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#软件逻辑" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
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<p>软件是指企业使用的各种应用，例如 Web 服务器、内容管理系统和操作系统（如 Linux®）。操作系统负责管理系统资源和硬件，并在所有软件与相关的物理资源之间建立连接。</p>
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<h3 id="网络通信">网络（通信）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#网络通信" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
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<p>相互连接的网络组件可实现内部和外部系统之间的网络操作、管理和通信。网络由互联网连接、网络支持、防火墙与安全防护，以及路由器、交换机和电缆等硬件组成。</p>
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<h2 id="it-基础架构的类型">IT 基础架构的类型<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#it-基础架构的类型" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
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<h3 id="传统基础架构">传统基础架构<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#传统基础架构" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
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<p>在传统基础架构中，组件（如数据中心、数据存储及其他设备）全部由企业自己所有，在自己的设施中管理。传统基础架构通常被认为运行成本高昂，并且需要大量硬件（例如服务器）以及相应的系统用电和物理空间。</p>
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<h3 id="云基础架构">云基础架构<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#云基础架构" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
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<p>云基础架构是指云计算所需的组件和资源。您可以利用您的专有资源来自行构建私有云，也可以通过从云提供商（如阿里巴巴、Amazon、谷歌、IBM 或 Microsoft）那里租用云基础架构的方式来使用公共云。而通过在多个云之间组合一定程度的工作负载可移植性、编排和管理，您还可以创建混合云。</p>
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<h3 id="超融合基础架构">超融合基础架构<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#超融合基础架构" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
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<p>超融合基础架构能让您用一个界面就能管理您的计算、网络和存储资源。通过将软件定义型计算与数据存储捆绑在一起，您可以借助行业标准硬件上的可扩展架构来支持更多的现代工作负载。</p>
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<h2 id="it-基础架构管理">IT 基础架构管理<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#it-基础架构管理" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
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<p>IT 管理是对各种 IT 资源、系统、平台、人员和环境进行协调统筹。以下是一些最常见的技术基础架构管理类型：</p>
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<ul>
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<li>操作系统管理：通过提供内容、补丁、置备和订阅的管理，监督运行相同操作系统的环境。</li>
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<li>云管理：通过管理资源部署、使用情况、集成和灾难恢复，使云管理员可以控制云中运行的所有内容（最终用户、数据、应用和服务）。</li>
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<li>虚拟化管理：与虚拟环境和底层物理硬件对接，以简化资源管理、增强数据分析并简化运维。</li>
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<li>IT 运维管理：也称为业务流程管理，是指对经常重复、正在进行或可预测的业务流程进行建模、分析和优化的实践。</li>
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<li>IT 自动化：创建可重复的指令和流程，以取代或减少人与 IT 系统之间的交互。也称为基础架构自动化。</li>
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<li>容器编排：自动化容器的部署、管理、扩展和联网。</li>
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<li>配置管理：让计算机系统、服务器和软件保持所需的一致状态。</li>
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<li>API 管理：分配、控制和分析跨企业和云连接应用与数据的应用编程接口（API）。</li>
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<li>风险管理：识别和评估风险并制定相关计划，从而最大程度降低或控制这些风险及其潜在影响。</li>
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<li>数据管理：收集、存储和使用数据，使组企业能够了解他们拥有哪些数据、数据位于何处、谁拥有这些数据、谁可以看到数据以及如何访问数据。</li>
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</ul></article><hr/><div class="page-footer"></div></div><div class="right sidebar"><div class="graph"><h3>关系图谱</h3><div class="graph-outer"><div id="graph-container" data-cfg="{"drag":true,"zoom":true,"depth":1,"scale":1.1,"repelForce":0.5,"centerForce":0.3,"linkDistance":30,"fontSize":0.6,"opacityScale":1,"showTags":true,"removeTags":[],"focusOnHover":false}"></div><button id="global-graph-icon" aria-label="Global Graph"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 55 55" fill="currentColor" xml:space="preserve"><path d="M49,0c-3.309,0-6,2.691-6,6c0,1.035,0.263,2.009,0.726,2.86l-9.829,9.829C32.542,17.634,30.846,17,29,17
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s-2-0.897-2-2s0.897-2,2-2S47,39.897,47,41z M49,10c-2.206,0-4-1.794-4-4s1.794-4,4-4s4,1.794,4,4S51.206,10,49,10z"></path></svg></button></div><div id="global-graph-outer"><div id="global-graph-container" data-cfg="{"drag":true,"zoom":true,"depth":-1,"scale":0.9,"repelForce":0.5,"centerForce":0.3,"linkDistance":30,"fontSize":0.6,"opacityScale":1,"showTags":true,"removeTags":[],"focusOnHover":true}"></div></div></div><div class="toc desktop-only"><button type="button" id="toc" class aria-controls="toc-content" aria-expanded="true"><h3>目录</h3><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="fold"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg></button><div id="toc-content" class><ul class="overflow"><li class="depth-0"><a href="#概述" data-for="概述">概述</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#it-基础架构的组件" data-for="it-基础架构的组件">IT 基础架构的组件</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#硬件物理" data-for="硬件物理">硬件（物理）</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#软件逻辑" data-for="软件逻辑">软件（逻辑）</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#网络通信" data-for="网络通信">网络（通信）</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#it-基础架构的类型" data-for="it-基础架构的类型">IT 基础架构的类型</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#传统基础架构" data-for="传统基础架构">传统基础架构</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#云基础架构" data-for="云基础架构">云基础架构</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#超融合基础架构" data-for="超融合基础架构">超融合基础架构</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#it-基础架构管理" data-for="it-基础架构管理">IT 基础架构管理</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="explorer mobile-only"><button type="button" id="explorer" data-behavior="collapse" data-collapsed="collapsed" data-savestate="true" data-tree="[{"path":"Personal","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2018","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2020","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2021","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2022","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2023","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2024","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/个人成长","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/医学健康","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/历史","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/哲学宗教","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/心理","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/政治军事","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/教育学习","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/文学","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/生活百科","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/社会文化","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/科学技术","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/经济理财","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/艺术","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/计算机","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Journal","co
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