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<html lang="zh"><head><title>基础架构即服务(IaaS)</title><meta charset="utf-8"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=IBM Plex Mono&family=Noto Serif Simplified Chinese:wght@400;700&family=Source Sans Pro:ital,wght@0,400;0,600;1,400;1,600&display=swap"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/><meta property="og:title" content="基础架构即服务(IaaS)"/><meta property="og:description" content="基础架构即服务(IaaS)."/><meta property="og:image" content="https://wiki.7wate.com/static/og-image.png"/><meta property="og:width" content="1200"/><meta property="og:height" content="675"/><link rel="icon" href="../../../static/icon.png"/><meta name="description" content="基础架构即服务(IaaS)."/><meta name="generator" content="Quartz"/><link href="../../../index.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" spa-preserve/><link href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/KaTeX/0.16.9/katex.min.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" spa-preserve/><script src="../../../prescript.js" type="application/javascript" spa-preserve></script><script type="application/javascript" spa-preserve>const fetchData = fetch("../../../static/contentIndex.json").then(data => data.json())</script></head><body data-slug="Technology/CloudService/基础/基础架构即服务(IaaS)"><div id="quartz-root" class="page"><div id="quartz-body"><div class="left sidebar"><h2 class="page-title"><a href="../../..">🪴 X·Eden</a></h2><div class="spacer mobile-only"></div><div class="search"><button class="search-button" id="search-button"><p>搜索</p><svg role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 19.9 19.7"><title>Search</title><g class="search-path" fill="none"><path stroke-linecap="square" d="M18.5 18.3l-5.4-5.4"></path><circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7"></circle></g></svg></button><div id="search-container"><div id="search-space"><input autocomplete="off" id="search-bar" name="search" type="text" aria-label="搜索些什么" placeholder="搜索些什么"/><div id="search-layout" data-preview="true"></div></div></div></div><button class="darkmode" id="darkmode"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" id="dayIcon" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 35 35" style="enable-background:new 0 0 35 35" xml:space="preserve" aria-label="暗色模式"><title>暗色模式</title><path d="M6,17.5C6,16.672,5.328,16,4.5,16h-3C0.672,16,0,16.672,0,17.5 S0.672,19,1.5,19h3C5.328,19,6,18.328,6,17.5z M7.5,26c-0.414,0-0.789,0.168-1.061,0.439l-2,2C4.168,28.711,4,29.086,4,29.5 C4,30.328,4.671,31,5.5,31c0.414,0,0.789-0.168,1.06-0.44l2-2C8.832,28.289,9,27.914,9,27.5C9,26.672,8.329,26,7.5,26z M17.5,6 C18.329,6,19,5.328,19,4.5v-3C19,0.672,18.329,0,17.5,0S16,0.672,16,1.5v3C16,5.328,16.671,6,17.5,6z M27.5,9 c0.414,0,0.789-0.168,1.06-0.439l2-2C30.832,6.289,31,5.914,31,5.5C31,4.672,30.329,4,29.5,4c-0.414,0-0.789,0.168-1.061,0.44 l-2,2C26.168,6.711,26,7.086,26,7.5C26,8.328,26.671,9,27.5,9z M6.439,8.561C6.711,8.832,7.086,9,7.5,9C8.328,9,9,8.328,9,7.5 c0-0.414-0.168-0.789-0.439-1.061l-2-2C6.289,4.168,5.914,4,5.5,4C4.672,4,4,4.672,4,5.5c0,0.414,0.168,0.789,0.439,1.06 L6.439,8.561z M33.5,16h-3c-0.828,0-1.5,0.672-1.5,1.5s0.672,1.5,1.5,1.5h3c0.828,0,1.5-0.672,1.5-1.5S34.328,16,33.5,16z M28.561,26.439C28.289,26.168,27.914,26,27.5,26c-0.828,0-1.5,0.672-1.5,1.5c0,0.414,0.168,0.789,0.439,1.06l2,2 C28.711,30.832,29.086,31,29.5,31c0.828,0,1.5-0.672,1.5-1.5c0-0.414-0.168-0.789-0.439-1.061L28.561,26.439z M17.5,29 c-0.829,0-1.5,0.672-1.5,1.5v3c0,0.828,0.671,1.5,1.5,1.5s1.5-0.672,1.5-1.5v-3C19,29.672,18.329,29,17.5,29z M17.5,7 C11.71,7,7,11.71,7,17.5S11.71,28,17.5,28S28,23.29,28,17.5S23.29,7,17.5,7z M17.5,25c-4.136,0-7.5-3.364-7.5-7.5 c0-4.136,3.364-7.5,7.5-7.5c4.136,0,7.5,3.364,7.5,7.5C25,21.636,21.636,25,17.5,25z"></path></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.
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<p>基础架构即服务(IaaS)让您从本地 <a href="../../../Tech/cloud-service/基础/IT-基础架构" class="internal alias" data-slug="Tech/cloud-service/基础/IT-基础架构">IT 基础架构</a> 往轻松迈进了一步。这是一种即付即用的服务,由外部的第三方提供商根据您的需要,利用互联网(通过云)为您提供基础架构服务(如存储和虚拟化)。</p>
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<p><strong>作为用户,您只需负责操作系统以及任何数据、应用、中间件和运行时,而提供商会给您访问和管理所需网络、服务器、虚拟化和存储的权限。</strong></p>
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<p>**您无需维护或更新自己的本地数据中心,因为提供商会为您代劳。**此外,您可以通过应用编程接口(API)或控制面板来访问和控制基础架构。</p>
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<p>**IaaS 可以让您享受较大的灵活性:您可以仅购买所需的组件,然后根据需要进行扩展或缩减。**这样不仅开销低,而且无维护成本,从而使 IaaS 成为一种经济实惠的方案。</p>
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<p>**IaaS 的一大用途就是快速、灵活地构建和拆解开发与测试环境。**您可以仅使用创建开发环境所需的基础架构,并在需要时进行扩展或缩编,完成后,您可以立即停用,这样就只需为所使用的内容付费。</p>
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<p>**IaaS 的主要短板在于可能存在的提供商安全问题、多租户系统问题(提供商必须与多个客户端共享基础架构资源)以及服务可靠性。**但选择可靠且可信赖的提供商(具有可靠的历史和声誉)就可以避免这些问题。</p>
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<h2 id="iaas-与虚拟化自动化和容器化的关系">IaaS 与虚拟化、自动化和容器化的关系<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#iaas-与虚拟化自动化和容器化的关系" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
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<p>IaaS 提供商可以免除在设置管理服务器方面的开销来简化开发人员体验。这通常依赖于虚拟化、容器和自动化所支持的云计算架构。对于开发人员来说,不必再考虑服务器管理工作,可以大刀阔斧地构建和部署应用。</p>
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<p>通过虚拟化,虚拟机(VM)来提供完整的环境,这些环境充当具有其自身 CPU、内存、网络接口和存储的虚拟计算机系统。在 IaaS 中,这些是在数据中心的物理硬件系统上创建的。通过名为虚拟机监控程序的软件,用户可以将机器的资源与硬件分开并进行适当置备,以供虚拟机使用。</p>
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<p>IT 自动化在每个 IaaS 产品的服务下工作,使底层虚拟机和其他基础架构能够无缝部署,并根据需要进行扩展和缩减以满足需求。跨系统或计算机组的多个任务和配置的自动化称为编排。</p>
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<p>IaaS 产品还可以支持容器化,其中软件代码及其所有必要的组件(如库、框架和其他依赖项)均打包在自己的 Linux® 容器中,可以随时部署到计算环境(可以是 VM)中。与虚拟机相比,容器不包含自己的操作系统(OS),因此规模可能要小得多。</p>
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<p>特定的 IaaS 解决方案可以帮助开发人员使用容器。其中一种解决方案是 Kubernetes,这是一个开源容器编排平台,可帮助大规模地管理分布式、容器化的应用。Kubernetes 负责自动化部署和管理容器。一些 IaaS 提供商可提供 Kubernetes 即服务。</p>
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<h2 id="iaas-与-devops-有什么共同点">IaaS 与 DevOps 有什么共同点?<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#iaas-与-devops-有什么共同点" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
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<p>**DevOps 描述了一种在开发和运维交叉点的工作方式。**这种工作方式强调减少软件改进推进到部署所需要的时间,以便用户更快地访问新应用。DevOps 方法要求开发团队和运维团队频繁沟通并作为队友进行协作。</p>
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<p>**DevOps 时刻关注代码和动态基础架构使用的频繁变更,因此非常适合于 IaaS。**DevOps 强调在应用的整个生命周期中,确保日常运维任务自动化和环境的标准化。因此 DevOps 团队经常会使用微服务架构来构建软件,并通过 API 将这些服务彼此相连。这些都有助于团队更快地交付软件,专注于创建较小的功能,然后使用敏捷方法等策略将其整合在一起。</p>
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<p>IaaS 通过减少维护服务器基础架构的需求,同时强调更简单的自动化开发人员体验,因此有助于支持 DevOps 工作流。</p>
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<h2 id="iaas-和-无服务器之间的区别">IaaS 和 无服务器之间的区别<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#iaas-和-无服务器之间的区别" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
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<p>无服务器计算描述了一种云原生开发模型,其中服务器从应用开发中抽离出来,并且通常会与 IaaS 相关联。</p>
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<p>无服务器依靠云提供商来管理基础架构和应用扩展。无服务器应用部署在容器中,这些容器在被调用时会自动按需启动。</p>
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<p>在 IaaS 下,用户通常自行负责在需求旺盛时扩展服务器容量,并在不再需要该容量时缩减服务器容量。即使在应用闲置不用期间,运行该应用所需的云基础架构也要保持就绪。</p>
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<p>无服务器架构则与之相反,应用仅在需要时启动。有事件触发应用代码运行时,公共云提供商才会为这一代码分配资源。该代码执行结束后,用户便不再付费。使用无服务器时,管理操作系统和文件系统、安全补丁、负载平衡、容量管理、扩展、日志和监控等例行任务都由云服务提供商分担。</p>
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<h2 id="在选择-iaas-提供商时要考虑的事项">在选择 IaaS 提供商时要考虑的事项<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#在选择-iaas-提供商时要考虑的事项" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
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<ul>
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<li>**灵活性:**仅购买用例所需的组件,然后根据业务需要进行扩展或缩减。</li>
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<li>**经济性:**低开销、无维护成本使 IaaS 成为一种价格实惠的方案。您只需按实际用量和使用频次付费,就像支付水电费那样。</li>
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<li>**可控:**用户可以控制其基础架构。</li>
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<li>**安全性:**提供商是否值得信赖?是否有用于防范和管理任何安全威胁的资源?是否有记录在案的灾难恢复协议来确保业务连续性?</li>
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<li>**多租户系统:**由于 IaaS 提供商倾向于根据需要将基础架构资源分配给多个客户端,因此提供商需要确保客户无法访问彼此的数据。让多个客户使用提供商的基础架构也会造成失衡,称之为 ” 相邻干扰 “(单个用户垄断特定资源会降低其他用户的效能),因此提供商需要谨慎规划资源分配。为此,要了解提供商将如何根据用户的负载进行扩展,这一点很重要。</li>
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<li>**服务:**什么是服务提供商的服务级别协议(SLA)?是提供商承诺解决资源置备问题所付出的最短时间和最小精力吗?</li>
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<li>**可靠性:**性能和速度在很大程度上要取决于提供商。任何软件或硬件问题最终都会影响到用户的运行时。</li>
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s-2-0.897-2-2s0.897-2,2-2S47,39.897,47,41z M49,10c-2.206,0-4-1.794-4-4s1.794-4,4-4s4,1.794,4,4S51.206,10,49,10z"></path></svg></button></div><div id="global-graph-outer"><div id="global-graph-container" data-cfg="{"drag":true,"zoom":true,"depth":-1,"scale":0.9,"repelForce":0.5,"centerForce":0.3,"linkDistance":30,"fontSize":0.6,"opacityScale":1,"showTags":true,"removeTags":[],"focusOnHover":true}"></div></div></div><div class="toc desktop-only"><button type="button" id="toc" class aria-controls="toc-content" aria-expanded="true"><h3>目录</h3><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="fold"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg></button><div id="toc-content" class><ul class="overflow"><li class="depth-0"><a href="#iaas-概述" data-for="iaas-概述">IaaS 概述</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#iaas-与虚拟化自动化和容器化的关系" data-for="iaas-与虚拟化自动化和容器化的关系">IaaS 与虚拟化、自动化和容器化的关系</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#iaas-与-devops-有什么共同点" data-for="iaas-与-devops-有什么共同点">IaaS 与 DevOps 有什么共同点?</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#iaas-和-无服务器之间的区别" data-for="iaas-和-无服务器之间的区别">IaaS 和 无服务器之间的区别</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#在选择-iaas-提供商时要考虑的事项" data-for="在选择-iaas-提供商时要考虑的事项">在选择 IaaS 提供商时要考虑的事项</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="explorer mobile-only"><button type="button" id="explorer" data-behavior="collapse" data-collapsed="collapsed" data-savestate="true" data-tree="[{"path":"Personal","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2018","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2020","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2021","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2022","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2023","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2024","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/个人成长","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/医学健康","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/历史","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/哲学宗教","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/心理","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/政治军事","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/教育学习","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/文学","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/生活百科","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/社会文化","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/科学技术","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/经济理财","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/艺术","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/计算机","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Journal","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Journal/2022","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Journal/2022/W34","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Journal/2022/W35","collaps
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