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<html lang="zh"><head><title>流畅的Python</title><meta charset="utf-8"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=IBM Plex Mono&family=Noto Serif Simplified Chinese:wght@400;700&family=Source Sans Pro:ital,wght@0,400;0,600;1,400;1,600&display=swap"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/><meta property="og:title" content="流畅的Python"/><meta property="og:description" content="本书致力于帮助Python开发人员挖掘这门语言及相关程序库的优秀特性，避免重复劳动，同时写出简洁、流畅、易读、易维护，并且具有地道Python风格的代码。本书尤其深入探讨了Python语言的高级用法，涵盖数据结构、Python风格的对象、并行与并发，以及元编程等不同的方面。."/><meta property="og:image" content="https://wiki.7wate.com/static/og-image.png"/><meta property="og:width" content="1200"/><meta property="og:height" content="675"/><link rel="icon" href="../../../static/icon.png"/><meta name="description" content="本书致力于帮助Python开发人员挖掘这门语言及相关程序库的优秀特性，避免重复劳动，同时写出简洁、流畅、易读、易维护，并且具有地道Python风格的代码。本书尤其深入探讨了Python语言的高级用法，涵盖数据结构、Python风格的对象、并行与并发，以及元编程等不同的方面。."/><meta name="generator" content="Quartz"/><link href="../../../index.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" spa-preserve/><link href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/KaTeX/0.16.9/katex.min.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" spa-preserve/><script src="../../../prescript.js" type="application/javascript" spa-preserve></script><script type="application/javascript" spa-preserve>const fetchData = fetch("../../../static/contentIndex.json").then(data => data.json())</script></head><body data-slug="Personal/Book/计算机/流畅的Python"><div id="quartz-root" class="page"><div id="quartz-body"><div class="left sidebar"><h2 class="page-title"><a href="../../..">🪴 X·Eden</a></h2><div class="spacer mobile-only"></div><div class="search"><button class="search-button" id="search-button"><p>搜索</p><svg role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 19.9 19.7"><title>Search</title><g class="search-path" fill="none"><path stroke-linecap="square" d="M18.5 18.3l-5.4-5.4"></path><circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7"></circle></g></svg></button><div id="search-container"><div id="search-space"><input autocomplete="off" id="search-bar" name="search" type="text" aria-label="搜索些什么" placeholder="搜索些什么"/><div id="search-layout" data-preview="true"></div></div></div></div><button class="darkmode" id="darkmode"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" id="dayIcon" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 35 35" style="enable-background:new 0 0 35 35" xml:space="preserve" aria-label="暗色模式"><title>暗色模式</title><path d="M6,17.5C6,16.672,5.328,16,4.5,16h-3C0.672,16,0,16.672,0,17.5 S0.672,19,1.5,19h3C5.328,19,6,18.328,6,17.5z M7.5,26c-0.414,0-0.789,0.168-1.061,0.439l-2,2C4.168,28.711,4,29.086,4,29.5 C4,30.328,4.671,31,5.5,31c0.414,0,0.789-0.168,1.06-0.44l2-2C8.832,28.289,9,27.914,9,27.5C9,26.672,8.329,26,7.5,26z M17.5,6 C18.329,6,19,5.328,19,4.5v-3C19,0.672,18.329,0,17.5,0S16,0.672,16,1.5v3C16,5.328,16.671,6,17.5,6z M27.5,9 c0.414,0,0.789-0.168,1.06-0.439l2-2C30.832,6.289,31,5.914,31,5.5C31,4.672,30.329,4,29.5,4c-0.414,0-0.789,0.168-1.061,0.44 l-2,2C26.168,6.711,26,7.086,26,7.5C26,8.328,26.671,9,27.5,9z M6.439,8.561C6.711,8.832,7.086,9,7.5,9C8.328,9,9,8.328,9,7.5 c0-0.414-0.168-0.789-0.439-1.061l-2-2C6.289,4.168,5.914,4,5.5,4C4.672,4,4,4.672,4,5.5c0,0.414,0.168,0.789,0.439,1.06 L6.439,8.561z M33.5,16h-3c-0.828,0-1.5,0.672-1.5,1.5s0.672,1.5,1.5,1.5h3c0.828,0,1.5-0.672,1.5-1.5S34.328,16,33.5,16z M28.561,26.
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<ul>
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<li><strong>书名</strong>：《流畅的Python》</li>
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<li><strong>作者</strong>： 卢西亚诺·拉马略</li>
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<li><strong>分类</strong>： 计算机-编程设计</li>
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<li><strong>ISBN</strong>：9787115454157</li>
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<li><strong>出版社</strong>：人民邮电出版社</li>
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</ul>
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<h2 id="概述">概述<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#概述" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
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<p>本书致力于帮助Python开发人员挖掘这门语言及相关程序库的优秀特性，避免重复劳动，同时写出简洁、流畅、易读、易维护，并且具有地道Python风格的代码。本书尤其深入探讨了Python语言的高级用法，涵盖数据结构、Python风格的对象、并行与并发，以及元编程等不同的方面。</p>
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<h2 id="划线">划线<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#划线" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
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<blockquote>
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<p>Python官方教程的开头是这样写的：“Python是一门既容易上手又强大的编程语言。”这句话本身并无大碍，但需要注意的是，正因为它既好学又好用，所以很多Python程序员只用到了其强大功能的一小部分。</p>
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</blockquote>
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<blockquote>
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<p>不成熟的抽象和过早的优化一样，都会坏事。</p>
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</blockquote>
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<blockquote>
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<p>数据模型其实是对Python框架的描述，它规范了这门语言自身构建模块的接口</p>
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</blockquote>
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<blockquote>
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<p>序列类型还能按照能否被修改来分类。可变序列list、bytearray、array.array、collections.deque和memoryview。不可变序列tuple、str和bytes。</p>
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</blockquote>
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<blockquote>
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<p>list是一个可变序列，并且能同时存放不同类型的元素</p>
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</blockquote>
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<blockquote>
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<p>在Python中，函数用*args来获取不确定数量的参数算是一种经典写法了。</p>
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</blockquote>
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<blockquote>
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<p>seq[start:stop:step]进行求值的时候，Python会调用seq.<strong>getitem</strong>(slice(start, stop, step))。</p>
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</blockquote>
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<blockquote>
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<p>如果在a * n这个语句中，序列a里的元素是对其他可变对象的引用的话，你就需要格外注意了，因为这个式子的结果可能会出乎意料。比如，你想用my_list=<a href="../../.." class="internal" data-slug="index"></a> * 3来初始化一个由列表组成的列表，但是你得到的列表里包含的3个元素其实是3个引用，而且这3个引用指向的都是同一个列表。这可能不是你想要的效果。</p>
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</blockquote>
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<blockquote>
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<p>Python Tutor是一个对Python运行原理进行可视化分析的工具</p>
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</blockquote>
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<blockquote>
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<p>不要把可变对象放在元组里面。增量赋值不是一个原子操作。我们刚才也看到了，它虽然抛出了异常，但还是完成了操作。查看Python的字节码并不难，而且它对我们了解代码背后的运行机制很有帮助。</p>
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</blockquote>
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<blockquote>
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<p>Python序列类型最常见的分类就是可变和不可变序列。但另外一种分类方式也很有用，那就是把它们分为扁平序列和容器序列。</p>
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</blockquote>
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<blockquote>
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<p>散列表则是字典类型性能出众的根本原因</p>
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</blockquote>
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<blockquote>
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<p>集合的本质是许多唯一对象的聚集。</p>
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</blockquote>
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<blockquote>
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<p>不要忘了，如果要创建一个空集，你必须用不带任何参数的构造方法set（ ）。如果只是写成{}的形式，跟以前一样，你创建的其实是个空字典。</p>
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</blockquote>
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<blockquote>
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<p>dict的实现是典型的空间换时间：字典类型有着巨大的内存开销，但它们提供了无视数据量大小的快速访问——只要字典能被装在内存里。</p>
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</blockquote>
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<blockquote>
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<p>Python 3明确区分了人类可读的文本字符串和原始的字节序列。</p>
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</blockquote>
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<blockquote>
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<p>我指的是b’\xff\xfe’。这是BOM，即字节序标记（byte-order mark），指明编码时使用Intel CPU的小字节序。</p>
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</blockquote>
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<blockquote>
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<p>__doc__属性用于生成对象的帮助文本。</p>
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</blockquote>
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<blockquote>
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<p>map函数返回一个可迭代对象，里面的元素是把第一个参数（一个函数）应用到第二个参数（一个可迭代对象，这里是range(11)）中各个元素上得到的结果。</p>
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</blockquote>
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<blockquote>
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<p>接受函数为参数，或者把函数作为结果返回的函数是高阶函数（higher-order function）</p>
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</blockquote>
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<blockquote>
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<p>all(iterable)如果iterable的每个元素都是真值，返回True；all([])返回True。any(iterable)只要iterable中有元素是真值，就返回True；any([])返回False。</p>
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</blockquote>
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<blockquote>
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<p>Python简单的句法限制了lambda函数的定义体只能使用纯表达式。换句话说，lambda函数的定义体中不能赋值，也不能使用while和try等Python语句。</p>
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</blockquote>
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<blockquote>
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<p>lambda句法只是语法糖：与def语句一样，lambda表达式会创建函数对象。这是Python中几种可调用对象的一种。下一节会说明所有可调用对象。</p>
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</blockquote>
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<blockquote>
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<p>不仅Python函数是真正的对象，任何Python对象都可以表现得像函数。为此，只需实现实例方法__call__。</p>
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</blockquote>
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<blockquote>
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<p>与用户定义的常规类一样，函数使用__dict__属性存储赋予它的用户属性。</p>
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</blockquote>
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<blockquote>
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<p>Python最好的特性之一是提供了极为灵活的参数处理机制，而且Python 3进一步提供了仅限关键字参数（keyword-only argument）。</p>
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</blockquote>
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<blockquote>
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<p>函数装饰器用于在源码中“标记”函数，以某种方式增强函数的行为。</p>
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</blockquote>
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<blockquote>
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<p>Python不要求声明变量，但是假定在函数定义体中赋值的变量是局部变量。</p>
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</blockquote>
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<blockquote>
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<p>Python内置了三个用于装饰方法的函数：property、classmethod和staticmethod。</p>
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</blockquote>
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<blockquote>
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<p>因为lru_cache使用字典存储结果，而且键根据调用时传入的定位参数和关键字参数创建，所以被lru_cache装饰的函数，它的所有参数都必须是可散列的。</p>
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</blockquote>
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<blockquote>
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<p>首先，我们要抛弃变量是存储数据的盒子这一错误观念</p>
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</blockquote>
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<blockquote>
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<p>Python变量类似于Java中的引用式变量，因此最好把它们理解为附加在对象上的标注。</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h2 id="笔记">笔记<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#笔记" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
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<blockquote>
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<p>在运行时创建
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能赋值给变量或数据结构中的元素
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能作为参数传给函数
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能作为函数的返回结果</p>
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</blockquote>
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<p>💭 感觉这个一等函数好抽象或者是翻译的问题……</p>
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<h2 id="书评">书评<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#书评" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
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<h2 id="点评">点评<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#点评" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2></article><hr/><div class="page-footer"></div></div><div class="right sidebar"><div class="graph"><h3>关系图谱</h3><div class="graph-outer"><div id="graph-container" data-cfg="{"drag":true,"zoom":true,"depth":1,"scale":1.1,"repelForce":0.5,"centerForce":0.3,"linkDistance":30,"fontSize":0.6,"opacityScale":1,"showTags":true,"removeTags":[],"focusOnHover":false}"></div><button id="global-graph-icon" aria-label="Global Graph"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 55 55" fill="currentColor" xml:space="preserve"><path d="M49,0c-3.309,0-6,2.691-6,6c0,1.035,0.263,2.009,0.726,2.86l-9.829,9.829C32.542,17.634,30.846,17,29,17
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