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<html lang="zh"><head><title>人人都懂设计模式：从生活中领悟设计模式（Python实现）</title><meta charset="utf-8"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=IBM Plex Mono&family=Noto Serif Simplified Chinese:wght@400;700&family=Source Sans Pro:ital,wght@0,400;0,600;1,400;1,600&display=swap"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/><meta property="og:title" content="人人都懂设计模式：从生活中领悟设计模式（Python实现）"/><meta property="og:description" content="设计模式（Design Pattern）是一套被反复使用、多数人知晓、无数工程师实践的代码设计经验的总结，它是面向对象思想的高度提炼和模板化。 本书带你一起从生活的角度思考设计模式，以轻松有趣的小故事开始，由浅入深地讲解每一种模式，思考每一种模式，总结每一种模式！力求用更通俗的语言阐述难懂的概念，用更简单的语法实现复杂的逻辑，用更短小的代码写出强悍的程序！ ..."/><meta property="og:image" content="https://wiki.7wate.com/static/og-image.png"/><meta property="og:width" content="1200"/><meta property="og:height" content="675"/><link rel="icon" href="../../../static/icon.png"/><meta name="description" content="设计模式（Design Pattern）是一套被反复使用、多数人知晓、无数工程师实践的代码设计经验的总结，它是面向对象思想的高度提炼和模板化。 本书带你一起从生活的角度思考设计模式，以轻松有趣的小故事开始，由浅入深地讲解每一种模式，思考每一种模式，总结每一种模式！力求用更通俗的语言阐述难懂的概念，用更简单的语法实现复杂的逻辑，用更短小的代码写出强悍的程序！ ..."/><meta name="generator" content="Quartz"/><link href="../../../index.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" spa-preserve/><link href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/KaTeX/0.16.9/katex.min.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" spa-preserve/><script src="../../../prescript.js" type="application/javascript" spa-preserve></script><script type="application/javascript" spa-preserve>const fetchData = fetch("../../../static/contentIndex.json").then(data => data.json())</script></head><body data-slug="Personal/Book/计算机/人人都懂设计模式：从生活中领悟设计模式（Python实现）"><div id="quartz-root" class="page"><div id="quartz-body"><div class="left sidebar"><h2 class="page-title"><a href="../../..">🪴 X·Eden</a></h2><div class="spacer mobile-only"></div><div class="search"><button class="search-button" id="search-button"><p>搜索</p><svg role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 19.9 19.7"><title>Search</title><g class="search-path" fill="none"><path stroke-linecap="square" d="M18.5 18.3l-5.4-5.4"></path><circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7"></circle></g></svg></button><div id="search-container"><div id="search-space"><input autocomplete="off" id="search-bar" name="search" type="text" aria-label="搜索些什么" placeholder="搜索些什么"/><div id="search-layout" data-preview="true"></div></div></div></div><button class="darkmode" id="darkmode"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" id="dayIcon" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 35 35" style="enable-background:new 0 0 35 35" xml:space="preserve" aria-label="暗色模式"><title>暗色模式</title><path d="M6,17.5C6,16.672,5.328,16,4.5,16h-3C0.672,16,0,16.672,0,17.5 S0.672,19,1.5,19h3C5.328,19,6,18.328,6,17.5z M7.5,26c-0.414,0-0.789,0.168-1.061,0.439l-2,2C4.168,28.711,4,29.086,4,29.5 C4,30.328,4.671,31,5.5,31c0.414,0,0.789-0.168,1.06-0.44l2-2C8.832,28.289,9,27.914,9,27.5C9,26.672,8.329,26,7.5,26z M17.5,6 C18.329,6,19,5.328,19,4.5v-3C19,0.672,18.329,0,17.5,0S16,0.672,16,1.5v3C16,5.328,16.671,6,17.5,6z M27.5,9 c0.414,0,0.789-0.168,1.06-0.4
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<ul>
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<li><strong>书名</strong>：《人人都懂设计模式：从生活中领悟设计模式（Python实现）》</li>
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<li><strong>作者</strong>： 罗伟富</li>
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<li><strong>分类</strong>： 计算机-编程设计</li>
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<li><strong>ISBN</strong>：9787121361128</li>
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<li><strong>出版社</strong>：电子工业出版社</li>
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</ul>
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<h2 id="概述">概述<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#概述" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
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<p>设计模式（Design Pattern）是一套被反复使用、多数人知晓、无数工程师实践的代码设计经验的总结，它是面向对象思想的高度提炼和模板化。 本书带你一起从生活的角度思考设计模式，以轻松有趣的小故事开始，由浅入深地讲解每一种模式，思考每一种模式，总结每一种模式！力求用更通俗的语言阐述难懂的概念，用更简单的语法实现复杂的逻辑，用更短小的代码写出强悍的程序！ 使枯燥乏味的概念变得更有乐趣和意义，希望能带给读者一种全新的阅读体验和思考方式。 本书首先讲解了23种经典设计模式，其中19 种在现今的软件开发中常用的设计模式分别用单独的章节进行了详细讲解，剩余设计模式作为一个合集放在一章中进行了讲解；其次讲解了对基础设计模式的衍生，也是各大编程语言中非常重要而常见的各种编程机制，如过滤器模式、对象池技术、回调机制和MVC模式；最后作者结合自身的工作经验和项目积累，分享了他对设计模式、设计原则、项目重构的理解和看法。Python作为AI时代最重要的一种计算机语言，其在各大语言中的排名也逐年上升！本书所有示例代码均用Python编写，将会是国内不可多得的一本用Python来讲解设计模式的书。 本书适合的读者：一线互联网软件开发者、有一定编程基础的IT新人、对设计模式和编程思想感兴趣的人士。</p>
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<h2 id="划线">划线<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#划线" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
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<blockquote>
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<p>设计模式作为面向对象程序的设计思想和方法论，本身是非常抽象和难以理解的，需要有一定的代码量和编程经验才能更深入地理解。</p>
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</blockquote>
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<blockquote>
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<p>设计模式与编程语言没有关系，它是对面向对象思想的灵活应用和高度概括，</p>
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</blockquote>
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<blockquote>
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<p>UML 的这一整套图被分为两组，一组叫结构性图，包含类图、组件图、部署图、对象图、包图、组合结构图、轮廓图；一组叫行为性图，包含用例图、活动图（也叫流程图）、状态机图、序列图、通信图、交互图、时序图。</p>
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</blockquote>
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<blockquote>
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<p>UML 类图中最常见的几种关系有：泛化（Generalization）、实现（Realization）、组合（Composition）、聚合（Aggregation）、关联（Association）和依赖（Dependency）。这些关系的强弱顺序为：泛化=实现 > 组合 > 聚合 > 关联 > 依赖。</p>
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</blockquote>
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<blockquote>
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<p>在对象间定义一种一对多的依赖关系，当这个对象状态发生改变时，所有依赖它的对象都会被通知并自动更新。</p>
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</blockquote>
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<blockquote>
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<p>允许一个对象在其内部状态发生改变时改变其行为，使这个对象看上去就像改变了它的类型一样。</p>
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</blockquote>
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<blockquote>
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<p>状态模式是说一个对象在其内部状态发生改变时，其表现的行为和外在属性不一样，这个对象看上去就像改变了它的类型一样。因此，状态模式又称为对象的行为模式。</p>
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</blockquote>
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<blockquote>
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<p>状态模式的核心思想就是一个事物（对象）有多种状态，在不同的状态下所表现出来的行为和属性不一样。</p>
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</blockquote>
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<blockquote>
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<p>浅拷贝只拷贝引用类型对象的指针（指向），而不拷贝引用类型对象指向的值；深拷贝则同时拷贝引用类型对象及其指向的值。</p>
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</blockquote>
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<blockquote>
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<p>在使用克隆模式时，除非一些特殊情况（如需求本身就要求两个对象一起改变），尽量使用深拷贝的方式（我们称其为安全模式）。</p>
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</blockquote>
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<blockquote>
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<p>为子系统中的一组接口提供一个一致的界面称为外观模式，外观模式定义了一个高层接口，这个接口使得这一子系统更容易使用。</p>
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</blockquote>
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<blockquote>
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<p>外观模式的核心思想：用一个简单的接口来封装一个复杂的系统，使这个系统更容易使用。</p>
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</blockquote>
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<blockquote>
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<p>对于10万行以下的代码量的汉子来说，设计模式=玄学；对于10～50万行代码量的汉子来说，设计模式=科学；对于50万行以上代码量的汉子来说，设计模式=文学。</p>
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</blockquote>
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<blockquote>
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<p>软件的设计是一个循序渐进、逐步优化的过程。</p>
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</blockquote>
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<blockquote>
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<p>Rule of three 称为“三次法则”，指的是当某个功能第三次出现时，再进行抽象化，即事不过三，三则重构。</p>
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</blockquote>
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<blockquote>
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<p>（1）重复的代码太多，没有复用性，难以维护，需要修改时处处都得改。（2）代码的结构混乱，注释不清晰，没有人能清楚地理解这段代码的含义。（3）程序没有拓展性，遇到新的变化，不能灵活处理。（4）对象结构强耦合，业务逻辑太复杂，牵一发而动全身，维护时排查问题非常困难。（5）部分模块性能低，随着用户数量的增长，已无法满足响应速度的要求。</p>
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</blockquote>
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<blockquote>
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<p>一是对现有项目进行代码级别的重构；二是对现有的业务进行软件架构的升级和系统的升级。</p>
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</blockquote>
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<blockquote>
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<p>创建型模式、结构型模式和行为型模式</p>
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</blockquote>
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<blockquote>
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<p>创建型，即关注的是对象的创建和初始化过程；结构型，即关注的是对象的内部结构设计；行为型，即关注的是对象的特性和行为。</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h2 id="笔记">笔记<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#笔记" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
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<h2 id="书评">书评<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#书评" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
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<h2 id="点评">点评<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#点评" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2></article><hr/><div class="page-footer"></div></div><div class="right sidebar"><div class="graph"><h3>关系图谱</h3><div class="graph-outer"><div id="graph-container" data-cfg="{"drag":true,"zoom":true,"depth":1,"scale":1.1,"repelForce":0.5,"centerForce":0.3,"linkDistance":30,"fontSize":0.6,"opacityScale":1,"showTags":true,"removeTags":[],"focusOnHover":false}"></div><button id="global-graph-icon" aria-label="Global Graph"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 55 55" fill="currentColor" xml:space="preserve"><path d="M49,0c-3.309,0-6,2.691-6,6c0,1.035,0.263,2.009,0.726,2.86l-9.829,9.829C32.542,17.634,30.846,17,29,17
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