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<html lang="zh"><head><title>浅尝 Gitea 的 Actions</title><meta charset="utf-8"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=IBM Plex Mono&amp;family=Noto Serif Simplified Chinese:wght@400;700&amp;family=Source Sans Pro:ital,wght@0,400;0,600;1,400;1,600&amp;display=swap"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/><meta property="og:title" content="浅尝 Gitea 的 Actions"/><meta property="og:description" content="浅尝 Gitea 的 Actions."/><meta property="og:image" content="https://wiki.7wate.com/static/og-image.png"/><meta property="og:width" content="1200"/><meta property="og:height" content="675"/><link rel="icon" href="../../../static/icon.png"/><meta name="description" content="浅尝 Gitea 的 Actions."/><meta name="generator" content="Quartz"/><link href="../../../index.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" spa-preserve/><link href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/KaTeX/0.16.9/katex.min.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" spa-preserve/><script src="../../../prescript.js" type="application/javascript" spa-preserve></script><script type="application/javascript" spa-preserve>const fetchData = fetch("../../../static/contentIndex.json").then(data => data.json())</script></head><body data-slug="Personal/Blog/2023/浅尝-Gitea-的-Actions"><div id="quartz-root" class="page"><div id="quartz-body"><div class="left sidebar"><h2 class="page-title"><a href="../../..">🪴 X·Eden</a></h2><div class="spacer mobile-only"></div><div class="search"><button class="search-button" id="search-button"><p>搜索</p><svg role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 19.9 19.7"><title>Search</title><g class="search-path" fill="none"><path stroke-linecap="square" d="M18.5 18.3l-5.4-5.4"></path><circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7"></circle></g></svg></button><div id="search-container"><div id="search-space"><input autocomplete="off" id="search-bar" name="search" type="text" aria-label="搜索些什么" placeholder="搜索些什么"/><div id="search-layout" data-preview="true"></div></div></div></div><button class="darkmode" id="darkmode"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" id="dayIcon" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 35 35" style="enable-background:new 0 0 35 35" xml:space="preserve" aria-label="暗色模式"><title>暗色模式</title><path d="M6,17.5C6,16.672,5.328,16,4.5,16h-3C0.672,16,0,16.672,0,17.5 S0.672,19,1.5,19h3C5.328,19,6,18.328,6,17.5z M7.5,26c-0.414,0-0.789,0.168-1.061,0.439l-2,2C4.168,28.711,4,29.086,4,29.5 C4,30.328,4.671,31,5.5,31c0.414,0,0.789-0.168,1.06-0.44l2-2C8.832,28.289,9,27.914,9,27.5C9,26.672,8.329,26,7.5,26z M17.5,6 C18.329,6,19,5.328,19,4.5v-3C19,0.672,18.329,0,17.5,0S16,0.672,16,1.5v3C16,5.328,16.671,6,17.5,6z M27.5,9 c0.414,0,0.789-0.168,1.06-0.439l2-2C30.832,6.289,31,5.914,31,5.5C31,4.672,30.329,4,29.5,4c-0.414,0-0.789,0.168-1.061,0.44 l-2,2C26.168,6.711,26,7.086,26,7.5C26,8.328,26.671,9,27.5,9z M6.439,8.561C6.711,8.832,7.086,9,7.5,9C8.328,9,9,8.328,9,7.5 c0-0.414-0.168-0.789-0.439-1.061l-2-2C6.289,4.168,5.914,4,5.5,4C4.672,4,4,4.672,4,5.5c0,0.414,0.168,0.789,0.439,1.06 L6.439,8.561z M33.5,16h-3c-0.828,0-1.5,0.672-1.5,1.5s0.672,1.5,1.5,1.5h3c0.828,0,1.5-0.672,1.5-1.5S34.328,16,33.5,16z M28.561,26.439C28.289,26.168,27.914,26,27.5,26c-0.828,0-1.5,0.672-1.5,1.5c0,0.414,0.168,0.789,0.439,1.06l2,2 C28.711,30.832,29.086,31,29.5,31c0.828,0,1.5-0.672,1.5-1.5c0-0.414-0.168-0.789-0.439-1.061L28.561,26.439z M17.5,29 c-0.829,0-1.5,0.672-1.5,1.5v3c0,0.828,0.671,1.5,1.5,1.5s1.5-0.672,1.5-1.5v-3C19,29.672,18.329,29,17.5,29z M17.5,7 C11.71,7,7,11.71,7,17.5S11.71,28,17.5,28S28,23.29,28,17.5S23.29,7,17.5,7z M17.5,25c-4.136,0-7.5-3.364-7.5-7.5 c0-4.136,3.364-7.5,7.5-7.5c4.136,0,7.5,3.364,7.5,7.5C25,21.636,21.636,25,17.5,25z"></path></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" id="nightIcon"
<p>Gitea 是一个轻量级的 DevOps 平台软件。从开发计划到产品成型的整个软件生命周期，它都能够高效而轻松地帮助团队和开发者，实现包括 Git 托管、代码审查、团队协作、软件包注册和 CI/CD 等功能。它与 GitHub、Bitbucket 和 GitLab 等 <a href="https://docs.gitea.com/zh-cn/installation/comparison" class="external">比较<svg aria-hidden="true" class="external-icon" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M320 0H288V64h32 82.7L201.4 265.4 178.7 288 224 333.3l22.6-22.6L448 109.3V192v32h64V192 32 0H480 320zM32 32H0V64 480v32H32 456h32V480 352 320H424v32 96H64V96h96 32V32H160 32z"></path></svg></a> 类似。</p>
<p>Gitea 的主要目标是创建一个<strong>极易安装，运行非常快速，安装和使用体验良好的自建 Git 服务</strong>。通常我把 Gitea 称为 GitHub 的青春版，但一直以来它缺少 CI/CD 功能，因此一直只被用作代码托管的中转站。</p>
<p>Gitea 最初是从 <a href="http://gogs.io/" class="external">Gogs<svg aria-hidden="true" class="external-icon" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M320 0H288V64h32 82.7L201.4 265.4 178.7 288 224 333.3l22.6-22.6L448 109.3V192v32h64V192 32 0H480 320zM32 32H0V64 480v32H32 456h32V480 352 320H424v32 96H64V96h96 32V32H160 32z"></path></svg></a> 分支而来，有关分支原因的详细信息可以在 <a href="https://blog.gitea.com/welcome-to-gitea/" class="external">这里<svg aria-hidden="true" class="external-icon" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M320 0H288V64h32 82.7L201.4 265.4 178.7 288 224 333.3l22.6-22.6L448 109.3V192v32h64V192 32 0H480 320zM32 32H0V64 480v32H32 456h32V480 352 320H424v32 96H64V96h96 32V32H160 32z"></path></svg></a> 找到。然而，自从 Gogs 分叉后，Gitea 的社区壮大，但对内置 CI/CD 的需求也在不断增加。终于在 2020 年 11 月 13 日，南开大学软件学院的毕业生肖伦文（ <em>Lunny</em> ）提出了 <a href="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/13539" class="external">#13539<svg aria-hidden="true" class="external-icon" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M320 0H288V64h32 82.7L201.4 265.4 178.7 288 224 333.3l22.6-22.6L448 109.3V192v32h64V192 32 0H480 320zM32 32H0V64 480v32H32 456h32V480 352 320H424v32 96H64V96h96 32V32H160 32z"></path></svg></a> 提案：</p>
<blockquote>
<p><em>An internal CI/CD system compatible with Github actions workflow yaml syntax, action yaml syntax and most action plugins.</em></p>
</blockquote>
<p>经过社区长达两年的不懈努力，从 Gitea 1.19 版本开始，Gitea Actions 已经成为内置的 CI/CD 解决方案（需要手动启用）。然后又经过两个版本的迭代，从 1.21.0 版本开始，默认情况下启用了 Actions。总体而言，Gitea Actions 与 <a href="https://github.com/features/actions" class="external">GitHub Actions<svg aria-hidden="true" class="external-icon" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M320 0H288V64h32 82.7L201.4 265.4 178.7 288 224 333.3l22.6-22.6L448 109.3V192v32h64V192 32 0H480 320zM32 32H0V64 480v32H32 456h32V480 352 320H424v32 96H64V96h96 32V32H160 32z"></path></svg></a> 相似且兼容，它的名称也受到了 GitHub Actions 的启发，可以简单地将 Gitea Actions 视为 GitHub Actions 的子集。尽管 Gitea Actions 旨在与 GitHub Actions 兼容，但它们之间仍存在一些 <a href="https://docs.gitea.com/zh-cn/usage/actions/comparison" class="external">差异<svg aria-hidden="true" class="external-icon" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M320 0H288V64h32 82.7L201.4 265.4 178.7 288 224 333.3l22.6-22.6L448 109.3V192v32h64V192 32 0H480 320zM32 32H0V64 480v32H32 456h32V480 352 320H424v32 96H64V96h96 32V32H160 32z"></path></svg></a>。</p>
<p>与其他 CI/CD 解决方案一样，Gitea 不会自行运行 Job，而是将 Job 委托给 Runner。Gitea Actions 的 Runner 被称为 act runner，它是一个独立的程序，使用 Go 语言编写。它是基于 nektos/act 的一个软分叉，而 <code>nektos/act</code> 是一个开源工具，用于在本地模拟 GitHub Actions 工作流程。</p>
<p>如果您非常熟悉 GitHub Actions，几乎可以无缝迁移到 Gitea Actions。我想分享这篇文章主要是因为互联网上相关经验贴子较少，同时分享一些我的心得体会。</p>
<h2 id="基本概念">基本概念<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#基本概念" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>工作流（Workflows）</strong>：在两者中，工作流是自动化过程的定义，描述了一系列任务（如构建、测试和部署应用）的执行方式。</li>
<li><strong>事件（Events）</strong>：工作流可以由各种事件触发，如代码推送、拉取请求、定时事件等。</li>
<li><strong>作业（Jobs）</strong>：作业是工作流中运行的一系列步骤。作业可以并行运行或按顺序运行。</li>
<li><strong>步骤（Steps）</strong>：步骤是作业中的单个任务，可以执行脚本命令或者使用特定的动作（actions）。</li>
<li><strong>动作（Actions）</strong>：动作是在步骤中执行的独立任务，可以是内置的、来自市场的，或者是自定义的。</li>
<li><strong>变量与密钥（Variables &amp; Secrets）</strong>：可以设置环境变量来管理配置和共享数据。</li>
<li><strong>缓存（Caching）</strong>：缓存依赖项和其他常用资源可以帮助加快构建和部署过程。</li>
<li><strong>日志与监控（Logging &amp; Monitoring）</strong>：可以提供详细的执行日志，帮助监控和调试工作流。</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="环境配置">环境配置<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#环境配置" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<ul>
<li>
<p><a href="https://docs.gitea.com/zh-cn/category/installation" class="external">Gitea 安装<svg aria-hidden="true" class="external-icon" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M320 0H288V64h32 82.7L201.4 265.4 178.7 288 224 333.3l22.6-22.6L448 109.3V192v32h64V192 32 0H480 320zM32 32H0V64 480v32H32 456h32V480 352 320H424v32 96H64V96h96 32V32H160 32z"></path></svg></a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://docs.gitea.com/zh-cn/usage/actions/act-runner" class="external">Gitea Actions 的 Runner 部署<svg aria-hidden="true" class="external-icon" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M320 0H288V64h32 82.7L201.4 265.4 178.7 288 224 333.3l22.6-22.6L448 109.3V192v32h64V192 32 0H480 320zM32 32H0V64 480v32H32 456h32V480 352 320H424v32 96H64V96h96 32V32H160 32z"></path></svg></a></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p><em>由于 Gitea 提供了非常丰富的文档，所以我就不一一赘述了 ~</em></p>
<p>在实际体验中，将 Gitea 和 Act Runner 部署在一台 1 核心 2GB 的云服务器也是可以的。Act Runner 的日常运行仅占用约 30MB 左右的内存。不过每个 Runner 的具体资源消耗取决于仓库中的工作流脚本。</p>
<p>此外，您还可以将 Gitea 部署在公网服务器上，将 Act Runner 部署在本地服务器上。即使是一台二手服务器，只要满足以下网络架构要求，都可以使用。</p>
<h3 id="网络架构">网络架构<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#网络架构" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<pre><code class="mermaid">graph LR
subgraph internet[Internet]
github_com[github.com]
docker_hub_com[hub.docker.com]
other
end
subgraph server1[Server 1]
gitea[Gitea]
end
subgraph server2[Server 2]
act_runner[Act runner]
job_container[Job container 1&lt;br>Job container 2&lt;br>...]
end
act_runner -->|1| gitea
job_container -->|2| gitea
act_runner -->|3| internet
job_container -->|4| internet
</code></pre>
<p>使用 Gitea Actions 只需要确保 Runner 能够连接到 Gitea 实例。<strong>互联网访问是可选的</strong>，但如果没有互联网访问，将需要额外的工作。换句话说，当 Runner 能够自行查询互联网时，它的工作效果最好，但您不需要将其暴露给互联网（无论是单向还是双向）。</p>
<h2 id="工作流脚本">工作流脚本<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#工作流脚本" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<h3 id="要求">要求<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#要求" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<ul>
<li>默认情况下，Gitea 需要手动启用 Actions，也可以 <a href="https://docs.gitea.com/zh-cn/usage/actions/faq#%E4%B8%BA%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E9%BB%98%E8%AE%A4%E6%83%85%E5%86%B5%E4%B8%8B%E4%B8%8D%E5%90%AF%E7%94%A8actions" class="external">手动配置默认启用<svg aria-hidden="true" class="external-icon" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M320 0H288V64h32 82.7L201.4 265.4 178.7 288 224 333.3l22.6-22.6L448 109.3V192v32h64V192 32 0H480 320zM32 32H0V64 480v32H32 456h32V480 352 320H424v32 96H64V96h96 32V32H160 32z"></path></svg></a> Actions 单元以适用于所有新仓库。</li>
<li>Gitea Actions 需要一个以 <code>.yaml</code> 扩展名的文件，放在存储库的 <code>.gitea/workflows/</code> 目录中，例如 <code>.gitea/workflows/demo.yaml</code>。</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="示例">示例<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#示例" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Gitea Actions Demo</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">run-name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">${{ gitea.actor }} is testing out Gitea Actions 🚀</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">on</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: [</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">push</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">jobs</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> Explore-Gitea-Actions</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> runs-on</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">ubuntu-latest</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> steps</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">run</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">echo &quot;🎉 The job was automatically triggered by a ${{ gitea.event_name }} event.&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">run</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">echo &quot;🐧 This job is now running on a ${{ runner.os }} server hosted by Gitea!&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">run</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">echo &quot;🔎 The name of your branch is ${{ gitea.ref }} and your repository is ${{ gitea.repository }}.&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Check out repository code</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> uses</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">actions/checkout@v3</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">run</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">echo &quot;💡 The ${{ gitea.repository }} repository has been cloned to the runner.&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">run</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">echo &quot;🖥️ The workflow is now ready to test your code on the runner.&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">List files in the repository</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> run</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">|</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> ls ${{ gitea.workspace }}</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">run</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">echo &quot;🍏 This job's status is ${{ job.status }}.&quot;</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="语法">语法<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#语法" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>目前 Gitea 官方尚未提供 Actions 语法的标准文档，但官方建议直接参考 <a href="https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/workflow-syntax-for-github-actions" class="external">GitHub Actions 工作流语法<svg aria-hidden="true" class="external-icon" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M320 0H288V64h32 82.7L201.4 265.4 178.7 288 224 333.3l22.6-22.6L448 109.3V192v32h64V192 32 0H480 320zM32 32H0V64 480v32H32 456h32V480 352 320H424v32 96H64V96h96 32V32H160 32z"></path></svg></a>。</p>
<h3 id="变量">变量<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#变量" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p><strong>目前 Gitea 支持在用户、组织和仓库级别创建变量，变量的可见性级别取决于它们的创建位置。</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>用户级别：适用于用户所有仓库的 Actions。</li>
<li>组织级别：适用于组织内所有用户仓库的 Actions。</li>
<li>仓库级别：适用于仓库内所有 Actions。</li>
</ul>
<p>变量名称有特定的命名规则，例如只能包含字母、数字字符和下划线，不能以数字开头，不能以 <code>GITHUB_</code> 和 <code>GITEA_</code> 开头，并且必须是唯一的。创建后，变量会自动填充到 <code>vars</code> 和 <code>secrets</code> 上下文中，并可在工作流中使用。</p>
<p>变量的语法为 <code>${{ vars.xxx }}</code> 和 <code>${{ secrets.xxx }}</code>。</p>
<h2 id="进阶功能">进阶功能<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#进阶功能" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<h3 id="指定-act-运行-runner">指定 Act 运行 Runner<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#指定-act-运行-runner" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>如果你有多个 Act 节点，希望将某个工作流程运行在特定的 Runner 上，你可以在不同的 Runner 上分配不同的标签（可在 Runner 管理面板编辑标签），例如，你可以创建两个 Runner，分别标记为 <code>linux_runner</code> 和 <code>windows_runner</code>。</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">jobs</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> My-Gitea-Actions</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> runs-on</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">linux_runner</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> runs-on</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">windows_runner</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="复用-github-的脚本">复用 Github 的脚本<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#复用-github-的脚本" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>在编写步骤配置时，通常会引用其他人编写的脚本，例如：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">- </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Login to DockerHub</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> uses</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">docker/login-action@v2</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">- </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Login to DockerHub</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> uses</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">my_custom/other-action@v2</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<p>然而，对于 Gitea Actions，默认情况下在 <code>1.19</code> 之前，它会尝试访问 <a href="https://gitea.com/" class="external">Gitea.com<svg aria-hidden="true" class="external-icon" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M320 0H288V64h32 82.7L201.4 265.4 178.7 288 224 333.3l22.6-22.6L448 109.3V192v32h64V192 32 0H480 320zM32 32H0V64 480v32H32 456h32V480 352 320H424v32 96H64V96h96 32V32H160 32z"></path></svg></a> 这个代码托管仓库，因此，如果脚本位于 GitHub 上，它将无法下载脚本内容。而在 <code>1.20</code> 及以后版本中，默认会访问 <a href="https://github.com/" class="external">GitHub.com<svg aria-hidden="true" class="external-icon" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M320 0H288V64h32 82.7L201.4 265.4 178.7 288 224 333.3l22.6-22.6L448 109.3V192v32h64V192 32 0H480 320zM32 32H0V64 480v32H32 456h32V480 352 320H424v32 96H64V96h96 32V32H160 32z"></path></svg></a>。</p>
<p>因此，如果在下载脚本时遇到问题，建议明确指定脚本地址，例如：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">- </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Login to DockerHub</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> uses</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">https://github.com/my_custom/other-action@v2</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<p>或者通过修改 Gitea 的 <code>app.ini</code> 配置，将下载源指定为相应的仓库：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="ini" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="ini" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">[actions]</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 1.19 可直接填写任意url如：https://github.com</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 1.20起，不填默认从 github，填self表示从自建仓库下载</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">DEFAULT_ACTIONS_URL</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> = self</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="使用-docker-等工具">使用 Docker 等工具<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#使用-docker-等工具" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>在 GitHub Actions 中，默认工作环境可以直接使用 Docker 命令，但在 Gitea Actions 中无法运行，因为 <code>gitea act_runner</code> 默认运行在 <code>node:16-bullseye</code> 镜像上，不支持 Docker 命令。这个问题在 <a href="https://gitea.com/gitea/act_runner/issues/63#issuecomment-733637" class="external">Gitea act_runner issue<svg aria-hidden="true" class="external-icon" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M320 0H288V64h32 82.7L201.4 265.4 178.7 288 224 333.3l22.6-22.6L448 109.3V192v32h64V192 32 0H480 320zM32 32H0V64 480v32H32 456h32V480 352 320H424v32 96H64V96h96 32V32H160 32z"></path></svg></a> 中有详细讨论。</p>
<p>因为 Act Runner 可以部署在本地服务器上，因此最简单有效的解决方法是通过 SSH 直接操作本地主机。</p>
<h2 id="心得体会">心得体会<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#心得体会" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<p>DevOps 平台软件繁多，但轻量级的 DevOps 平台软件却寥寥无几。虽然 GitHub 也支持自托管的 Runner，但它的可访问性受限。GitLab 则过于重量级。</p>
<p>目前 Gitea 官方社区表示 Gitea Actions 仍然在开发中，因此可能存在一些错误和缺失的功能。 并且在稳定版本（v1.20 或更高版本）之前可能会进行一些重大的更改。</p>
<p>总而言之，Gitea 的 Actions 为开发者提供了一种实用的解决方案，特别适用于日常使用场景。值得一试！</p>
<p>本文借鉴了 seepine 博主在 Gitea 系列文章中的部分内容，不过请注意，seepine 博主的文章撰写于 2023 年 3 月份，主要现在 Gitea 已经更新了。</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://seepine.com/git/gitea/starter/" class="external">Gitea - 搭建属于自己的代码仓库<svg aria-hidden="true" class="external-icon" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M320 0H288V64h32 82.7L201.4 265.4 178.7 288 224 333.3l22.6-22.6L448 109.3V192v32h64V192 32 0H480 320zM32 32H0V64 480v32H32 456h32V480 352 320H424v32 96H64V96h96 32V32H160 32z"></path></svg></a></li>
<li><a href="https://seepine.com/git/gitea/actions/" class="external">Gitea Actions 搭建<svg aria-hidden="true" class="external-icon" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M320 0H288V64h32 82.7L201.4 265.4 178.7 288 224 333.3l22.6-22.6L448 109.3V192v32h64V192 32 0H480 320zM32 32H0V64 480v32H32 456h32V480 352 320H424v32 96H64V96h96 32V32H160 32z"></path></svg></a></li>
<li><a href="https://seepine.com/git/gitea/actions/springboot/" class="external">Gitea Actions 构建 SpringBoot Docker镜像<svg aria-hidden="true" class="external-icon" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M320 0H288V64h32 82.7L201.4 265.4 178.7 288 224 333.3l22.6-22.6L448 109.3V192v32h64V192 32 0H480 320zM32 32H0V64 480v32H32 456h32V480 352 320H424v32 96H64V96h96 32V32H160 32z"></path></svg></a></li>
<li><a href="https://seepine.com/git/gitea/actions/quarkus/" class="external">Gitea Actions 构建 Quarkus native Docker镜像<svg aria-hidden="true" class="external-icon" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M320 0H288V64h32 82.7L201.4 265.4 178.7 288 224 333.3l22.6-22.6L448 109.3V192v32h64V192 32 0H480 320zM32 32H0V64 480v32H32 456h32V480 352 320H424v32 96H64V96h96 32V32H160 32z"></path></svg></a></li>
<li><a href="https://seepine.com/git/gitea/actions/vue/" class="external">Gitea Actions 构建 Vue Docker 镜像<svg aria-hidden="true" class="external-icon" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M320 0H288V64h32 82.7L201.4 265.4 178.7 288 224 333.3l22.6-22.6L448 109.3V192v32h64V192 32 0H480 320zM32 32H0V64 480v32H32 456h32V480 352 320H424v32 96H64V96h96 32V32H160 32z"></path></svg></a></li>
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s-2-0.897-2-2s0.897-2,2-2S47,39.897,47,41z M49,10c-2.206,0-4-1.794-4-4s1.794-4,4-4s4,1.794,4,4S51.206,10,49,10z"></path></svg></button></div><div id="global-graph-outer"><div id="global-graph-container" data-cfg="{&quot;drag&quot;:true,&quot;zoom&quot;:true,&quot;depth&quot;:-1,&quot;scale&quot;:0.9,&quot;repelForce&quot;:0.5,&quot;centerForce&quot;:0.3,&quot;linkDistance&quot;:30,&quot;fontSize&quot;:0.6,&quot;opacityScale&quot;:1,&quot;showTags&quot;:true,&quot;removeTags&quot;:[],&quot;focusOnHover&quot;:true}"></div></div></div><div class="toc desktop-only"><button type="button" id="toc" class aria-controls="toc-content" aria-expanded="true"><h3>目录</h3><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="fold"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg></button><div id="toc-content" class><ul class="overflow"><li class="depth-0"><a href="#前言" data-for="前言">前言</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#基本概念" data-for="基本概念">基本概念</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#环境配置" data-for="环境配置">环境配置</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#网络架构" data-for="网络架构">网络架构</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#工作流脚本" data-for="工作流脚本">工作流脚本</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#要求" data-for="要求">要求</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#示例" data-for="示例">示例</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#语法" data-for="语法">语法</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#变量" data-for="变量">变量</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#进阶功能" data-for="进阶功能">进阶功能</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#指定-act-运行-runner" data-for="指定-act-运行-runner">指定 Act 运行 Runner</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#复用-github-的脚本" data-for="复用-github-的脚本">复用 Github 的脚本</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#使用-docker-等工具" data-for="使用-docker-等工具">使用 Docker 等工具</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#心得体会" data-for="心得体会">心得体会</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="explorer mobile-only"><button type="button" id="explorer" data-behavior="collapse" data-collapsed="collapsed" data-savestate="true" data-tree="[{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Blog&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Blog/2018&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Blog/2020&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Blog/2021&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Blog/2022&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Blog/2023&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Blog/2024&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Book&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Book/个人成长&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Book/医学健康&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Book/历史&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Book/哲学宗教&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Book/心理&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Book/政治军事&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Book/教育学习&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Book/文学&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Book/生活百科&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Book/社会文化&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Book/科学技术&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Book/经济理财&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot
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