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231 lines
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<html><head><title>pyenv</title><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/><meta property="og:title" content="pyenv"/><meta property="og:description" content="pyenv是一个流行的Python版本管理工具,它允许你在同一系统上安装和使用多个Python版本。."/><meta property="og:image" content="https://wiki.7wate.com/static/og-image.png"/><meta property="og:width" content="1200"/><meta property="og:height" content="675"/><link rel="icon" href="../../../../../static/icon.png"/><meta name="description" content="pyenv是一个流行的Python版本管理工具,它允许你在同一系统上安装和使用多个Python版本。."/><meta name="generator" content="Quartz"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com"/><script async src="https://umami.7wate.com/script.js" data-website-id="c061efdc-95dd-4d21-9d04-a1ffda0a85b9"></script><script>
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<p>Python 是一种广泛使用的高级编程语言,以其易读性和强大的库支持而闻名。然而,随着项目数量和复杂性的增加,管理不同项目所需的不同 Python 版本和依赖成为了一个挑战。<code>pyenv</code> 和 <code>pipenv</code> 是两个解决这些问题的强大工具,能够帮助开发者有效地管理多个 Python 版本和项目环境。</p>
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<p><code>pyenv</code> 是一个流行的 Python 版本管理工具,它允许你在同一系统上安装和使用多个 Python 版本。它提供了一个干净的方式来切换全局 Python 版本,也可以在项目级别设置特定的 Python 版本。</p>
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<h2 id="实现">实现<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#实现" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
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<p><code>pyenv</code> 实现多版本 Python 管理的核心是通过拦截 Python 命令,选择并使用特定的 Python 版本。这是通过几个关键步骤和机制实现的:</p>
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<h3 id="1-改变-path-环境变量">1. 改变 PATH 环境变量<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#1-改变-path-环境变量" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
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<p><code>pyenv</code> 在你的 <code>PATH</code> 环境变量前面插入一个 <code>shims</code> 目录。当你运行 <code>python</code> 或 Python 包的任何命令时,实际上你首先运行的是一个 <code>shim</code>。</p>
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<h3 id="2-使用-shims">2. 使用 Shims<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#2-使用-shims" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
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<p><strong>Shims</strong>是一种轻量级的转发脚本,它们决定实际调用哪个 Python 版本。当你运行 <code>python</code> 时,<code>shim</code> 会查询 <code>pyenv</code> 以确定使用哪个版本的 Python。</p>
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<h3 id="3-版本选择">3. 版本选择<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#3-版本选择" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
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<p><code>pyenv</code> 根据多个因素确定使用哪个 Python 版本,包括:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>全局版本:你通过 <code>pyenv global</code> 设置的系统范围的默认版本。</li>
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<li>项目级别版本:通过 <code>pyenv local</code> 在特定项目目录下设置的版本。</li>
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<li>Shell 临时版本:通过 <code>pyenv shell</code> 为当前会话设置的版本。</li>
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<li>版本继承:如果你在一个没有本地版本设置的目录中,<code>pyenv</code> 会向上查找父目录直到找到一个版本或达到全局版本。</li>
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</ul>
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<h3 id="4-构建和安装-python">4. 构建和安装 Python<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#4-构建和安装-python" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
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<p>当你要求安装新的 Python 版本时,<code>pyenv</code> 会下载源代码,然后根据你的系统配置编译它。完成后,该特定版本的 Python 将被安装在 <code>~/.pyenv/versions</code> 目录下。</p>
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<h3 id="5-灵活性和可扩展性">5. 灵活性和可扩展性<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#5-灵活性和可扩展性" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
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<ul>
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<li><code>pyenv</code> 可以通过插件来扩展,如 <code>pyenv-virtualenv</code>,提供对虚拟环境的支持。</li>
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<li>它不会覆盖系统 Python 版本,而是允许你在系统 Python 和任意数量的不同版本之间切换。</li>
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</ul>
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<h2 id="使用">使用<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#使用" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
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<h3 id="1-安装-python-版本">1. 安装 Python 版本<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#1-安装-python-版本" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
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<p>确定项目需要哪个 Python 版本。使用 <code>pyenv install <version></code> 来安装该版本(如 <code>3.8.5</code>)。</p>
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<h3 id="2-创建项目目录">2. 创建项目目录<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#2-创建项目目录" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
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<p>为你的项目创建一个新目录,或者导航到现有项目的目录。</p>
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<h3 id="3-设置项目的-python-版本">3. 设置项目的 Python 版本<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#3-设置项目的-python-版本" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
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<p>在项目目录中,使用 <code>pyenv local <version></code> 设置项目使用的 Python 版本。这将在当前目录创建一个 <code>.python-version</code> 文件,指定该目录下所有命令应使用的 Python 版本。</p>
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<h3 id="4-验证-python-版本">4. 验证 Python 版本<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#4-验证-python-版本" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
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<p>在项目目录中运行 <code>python --version</code> 确保正确的 Python 版本被激活。</p>
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<h3 id="5-可选集成虚拟环境">5. (可选)集成虚拟环境<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#5-可选集成虚拟环境" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
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<p>虽然 <code>pyenv</code> 本身不直接处理虚拟环境,但它与 <code>pipenv</code>、<code>virtualenv</code> 等工具兼容。如果需要,可以现在设置虚拟环境:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>使用 <code>pipenv</code>:运行 <code>pipenv install</code> 来创建虚拟环境并生成 <code>Pipfile</code>。</li>
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<li>使用 <code>virtualenv</code>:首先安装 <code>pyenv-virtualenv</code> 插件,然后使用 <code>pyenv virtualenv <version> <env-name></code> 创建一个新的虚拟环境。</li>
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</ul>
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<h3 id="6-激活虚拟环境如果使用">6. 激活虚拟环境(如果使用)<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#6-激活虚拟环境如果使用" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
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<p>如果你使用了虚拟环境工具:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>对于 <code>pipenv</code>:使用 <code>pipenv shell</code> 来激活虚拟环境。</li>
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<li>对于 <code>pyenv-virtualenv</code>:虚拟环境将根据 <code>.python-version</code> 或 <code>pyenv local <env-name></code> 自动激活。</li>
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</ul>
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<h3 id="7-安装依赖">7. 安装依赖<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#7-安装依赖" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
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<p>在激活的虚拟环境中,使用 <code>pip</code> 或 <code>pipenv</code> 安装项目所需的所有依赖。</p>
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<h3 id="8-开发和测试">8. 开发和测试<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#8-开发和测试" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
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<p>进行你的正常开发工作。只要你在项目目录中,<code>pyenv</code> 和虚拟环境都会确保使用正确的 Python 版本和依赖。</p>
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<h3 id="9-提交和共享">9. 提交和共享<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#9-提交和共享" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
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<p>在项目的版本控制系统(如 Git)中提交 <code>.python-version</code> 文件(不要提交虚拟环境)。这样,其他开发者可以了解并使用相同的 Python 版本。</p>
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<h2 id="命令">命令<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#命令" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
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<table><thead><tr><th>命令</th><th>描述</th><th>示例/注释</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>pyenv install <version></code></td><td>安装指定的 Python 版本</td><td><code>pyenv install 3.8.5</code> 安装 Python 3.8.5</td></tr><tr><td><code>pyenv uninstall <version></code></td><td>卸载指定的 Python 版本</td><td><code>pyenv uninstall 3.8.5</code> 卸载 Python 3.8.5</td></tr><tr><td><code>pyenv versions</code></td><td>列出所有已安装的 Python 版本</td><td>列出系统中所有可用的 Python 版本</td></tr><tr><td><code>pyenv version</code></td><td>显示当前激活的 Python 版本</td><td>显示当前会话或全局设置的 Python 版本</td></tr><tr><td><code>pyenv global <version></code></td><td>设置全局默认的 Python 版本</td><td><code>pyenv global 3.8.5</code> 设置全局版本为 3.8.5</td></tr><tr><td><code>pyenv local <version></code></td><td>设置当前目录的 Python 版本</td><td><code>pyenv local 3.7.7</code> 设置当前目录的 Python 版本</td></tr><tr><td><code>pyenv shell <version></code></td><td>设置当前会话的 Python 版本</td><td><code>pyenv shell 3.6.9</code> 临时更改会话的 Python 版本</td></tr><tr><td><code>pyenv rehash</code></td><td>重新计算并安装 shim</td><td>在安装新版本或卸载后更新 shim</td></tr><tr><td><code>pyenv which <command></code></td><td>显示特定命令的路径</td><td><code>pyenv which pip</code> 显示 <code>pip</code> 命令的路径</td></tr><tr><td><code>pyenv exec <command></code></td><td>在选定的 Python 环境中执行命令</td><td><code>pyenv exec pip list</code> 在当前环境中运行 <code>pip list</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>pyenv init</code></td><td>用于配置 shell 环境</td><td>通常添加到 <code>.bashrc</code> 或 <code>.zshrc</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>pyenv virtualenvs</code></td><td>列出所有已创建的虚拟环境</td><td>列出系统中所有已创建的虚拟环境</td></tr><tr><td><code>pyenv virtualenv <version> <env-name></code></td><td>创建一个新的虚拟环境</td><td><code>pyenv virtualenv 3.8.5 myenv</code> 创建名为 <code>myenv</code> 的虚拟环境</td></tr><tr><td><code>pyenv virtualenv-delete <env-name></code></td><td>删除指定虚拟环境</td><td><code>pyenv virtualenv-delete myenv</code> 删除名为 <code>myenv</code> 的虚拟环境</td></tr><tr><td><code>pyenv local --unset</code></td><td>取消项目级别的 Python 版本设置</td><td><code>pyenv local --unset</code> 取消项目目录下的 Python 版本设置</td></tr><tr><td><code>pyenv shell --unset</code></td><td>取消会话级别的 Python 版本设置</td><td><code>pyenv shell --unset</code> 取消会话中的 Python 版本设置</td></tr><tr><td><code>pyenv local --unset-all</code></td><td>取消所有项目级别的 Python 版本设置</td><td><code>pyenv local --unset-all</code> 取消所有项目目录下的 Python 版本设置</td></tr><tr><td><code>pyenv version-file</code></td><td>查找当前目录下的 <code>.python-version</code> 文件</td><td><code>pyenv version-file</code> 查找并显示当前目录下的 <code>.python-version</code> 文件路径</td></tr></tbody></table></article></div><div class="right sidebar"><div class="graph "><h3>Graph View</h3><div class="graph-outer"><div id="graph-container" data-cfg="{"drag":true,"zoom":true,"depth":1,"scale":1.1,"repelForce":0.5,"centerForce":0.3,"linkDistance":30,"fontSize":0.6,"opacityScale":1,"showTags":true,"removeTags":[]}"></div><svg version="1.1" id="global-graph-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlnsXlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 55 55" fill="currentColor" xmlSpace="preserve"><path d="M49,0c-3.309,0-6,2.691-6,6c0,1.035,0.263,2.009,0.726,2.86l-9.829,9.829C32.542,17.634,30.846,17,29,17
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s-2-0.897-2-2s0.897-2,2-2S47,39.897,47,41z M49,10c-2.206,0-4-1.794-4-4s1.794-4,4-4s4,1.794,4,4S51.206,10,49,10z"></path></svg></div><div id="global-graph-outer"><div id="global-graph-container" data-cfg="{"drag":true,"zoom":true,"depth":-1,"scale":0.9,"repelForce":0.5,"centerForce":0.3,"linkDistance":30,"fontSize":0.6,"opacityScale":1,"showTags":true,"removeTags":[]}"></div></div></div><div class="toc desktop-only"><button type="button" id="toc" class><h3>Table of Contents</h3><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="fold"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg></button><div id="toc-content"><ul class="overflow"><li class="depth-0"><a href="#概述" data-for="概述">概述</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#实现" data-for="实现">实现</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#1-改变-path-环境变量" data-for="1-改变-path-环境变量">1. 改变 PATH 环境变量</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#2-使用-shims" data-for="2-使用-shims">2. 使用 Shims</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#3-版本选择" data-for="3-版本选择">3. 版本选择</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#4-构建和安装-python" data-for="4-构建和安装-python">4. 构建和安装 Python</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#5-灵活性和可扩展性" data-for="5-灵活性和可扩展性">5. 灵活性和可扩展性</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#使用" data-for="使用">使用</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#1-安装-python-版本" data-for="1-安装-python-版本">1. 安装 Python 版本</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#2-创建项目目录" data-for="2-创建项目目录">2. 创建项目目录</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#3-设置项目的-python-版本" data-for="3-设置项目的-python-版本">3. 设置项目的 Python 版本</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#4-验证-python-版本" data-for="4-验证-python-版本">4. 验证 Python 版本</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#5-可选集成虚拟环境" data-for="5-可选集成虚拟环境">5. (可选)集成虚拟环境</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#6-激活虚拟环境如果使用" data-for="6-激活虚拟环境如果使用">6. 激活虚拟环境(如果使用)</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#7-安装依赖" data-for="7-安装依赖">7. 安装依赖</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#8-开发和测试" data-for="8-开发和测试">8. 开发和测试</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#9-提交和共享" data-for="9-提交和共享">9. 提交和共享</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#命令" data-for="命令">命令</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="backlinks "><h3>Backlinks</h3><ul class="overflow"><li>No backlinks found</li></ul></div><div class="explorer mobile-only"><button type="button" id="explorer" data-behavior="collapse" data-collapsed="collapsed" data-savestate="true" data-tree="[{"path":"Journal","collapsed":true},{"path":"Journal/2024","collapsed":true},{"path":"Journal/2024/W33","collapsed":true},{"path":"Obsidian","collapsed":true},{"path":"Obsidian/Templates","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2018","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2020","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2021","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2022","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2023","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2024","collapsed":true},{"
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