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<p><code>sys</code> 模块是 Python 标准库中的一部分，它<strong>提供了与 Python 解释器及其环境交互的功能</strong>。这包括对命令行参数、标准输入/输出、异常处理、解释器配置等的访问。</p>
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<p><code>sys</code> 模块是 Python 的标准库之一，自 Python 诞生以来一直存在，并随着 Python 的发展不断更新和改进。</p>
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<p><code>sys</code> 模块用于各种用例，包括：</p>
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<ul>
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<li>访问和操作命令行参数。</li>
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<li>控制 Python 解释器的运行时行为。</li>
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<li>处理异常和退出程序。</li>
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<li>访问与 Python 解释器相关的信息。</li>
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<li>执行与系统交互的任务。</li>
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</ul>
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<p><strong>优点</strong>：</p>
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<ul>
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<li>内置模块，无需安装。</li>
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<li>提供了许多与 Python 解释器及其环境交互的功能。</li>
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<li>可以用于处理系统级任务。</li>
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</ul>
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<p><strong>缺点</strong>：</p>
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<ul>
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<li>有些功能可能是平台相关的，不一定在所有系统上表现一致。</li>
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<li>高级功能需要一定的 Python 知识。</li>
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</ul>
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<h2 id="基础操作">基础操作<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#基础操作" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
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<p><code>sys</code> 是 Python 的标准库之一，无需额外安装。</p>
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<h3 id="基本功能">基本功能<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#基本功能" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
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<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="python" data-theme="default"><code data-language="python" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">import</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> sys</span></span>
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<span data-line> </span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 获取 Python 解释器版本</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">print</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">"Python版本:"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">, sys.version)</span></span>
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<span data-line> </span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 获取命令行参数</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">print</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">"命令行参数:"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">, sys.argv)</span></span>
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<span data-line> </span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 获取系统平台信息</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">print</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">"系统平台:"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">, sys.platform)</span></span></code></pre></div>
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<h3 id="常用示例代码">常用示例代码<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#常用示例代码" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
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<p>以下是一些 <code>sys</code> 模块的常用示例代码：</p>
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<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="python" data-theme="default"><code data-language="python" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">import</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> sys</span></span>
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<span data-line> </span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 假设脚本名为 script.py，运行时传递参数：python script.py arg1 arg2</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">script_name </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> sys</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">argv</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">[</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">0</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">]</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">arguments </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> sys</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">argv</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">[</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">1</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">:]</span></span>
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<span data-line> </span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">print</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">"脚本名称:"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">, script_name)</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">print</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">"命令行参数:"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">, arguments)</span></span>
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<span data-line> </span>
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<span data-line> </span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 设置 Python 解释器的输出编码为UTF-8</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">sys</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">stdout</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">encoding </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'utf-8'</span></span>
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<span data-line> </span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 退出程序，可选参数为退出状态码（通常0表示成功，非0表示错误）</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">sys</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">exit</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">0</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">)</span></span></code></pre></div>
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<h2 id="深入探索">深入探索<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#深入探索" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
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<h3 id="syspath-包含用于查找模块的目录列表"><code>sys.path</code> 包含用于查找模块的目录列表<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#syspath-包含用于查找模块的目录列表" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
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<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="python" data-theme="default"><code data-language="python" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">import</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> sys</span></span>
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<span data-line> </span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 获取当前模块搜索路径</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">module_search_paths </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> sys</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">path</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">print</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">"模块搜索路径:"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">, module_search_paths)</span></span>
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<span data-line> </span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 添加自定义路径到模块搜索路径</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">custom_path </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">"/path/to/custom/modules"</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">sys</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">path</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">append</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">(custom_path)</span></span>
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<span data-line> </span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 输出自定义路径</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">print</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">(sys.path)</span></span></code></pre></div>
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<h3 id="sysstdinsysstdout-和-sysstderr-用于标准输入标准输出和标准错误流的对象"><code>sys.stdin</code>、<code>sys.stdout</code> 和 <code>sys.stderr</code> 用于标准输入、标准输出和标准错误流的对象<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#sysstdinsysstdout-和-sysstderr-用于标准输入标准输出和标准错误流的对象" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
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<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="python" data-theme="default"><code data-language="python" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">import</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> sys</span></span>
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<span data-line> </span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 重定向标准输出到文件</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">with</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">open</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'output.txt'</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">, </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'w'</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">)</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">as</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> f</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">:</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> sys</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">stdout </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> f</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">print</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">"这个文本将被写入output.txt"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">)</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> sys</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">stdout </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> sys</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">__stdout__ </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 恢复标准输出</span></span></code></pre></div>
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<h3 id="sysexc_info-用于获取当前异常信息的元组"><code>sys.exc_info()</code> 用于获取当前异常信息的元组<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#sysexc_info-用于获取当前异常信息的元组" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
|
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<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="python" data-theme="default"><code data-language="python" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">import</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> sys</span></span>
|
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">import</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> traceback</span></span>
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<span data-line> </span>
|
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|
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">try</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">:</span></span>
|
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 产生一个异常</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">1</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">/</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">0</span></span>
|
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|
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">except</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">:</span></span>
|
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|
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 获取当前异常信息</span></span>
|
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> exc_type</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">,</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> exc_value</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">,</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> exc_traceback </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> sys</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">exc_info</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">()</span></span>
|
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|
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">print</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">"异常类型:"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">, exc_type)</span></span>
|
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|
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">print</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">"异常值:"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">, exc_value)</span></span>
|
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|
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">print</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">"异常跟踪信息:"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">)</span></span>
|
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|
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> traceback</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">print_tb</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">(exc_traceback)</span></span></code></pre></div></article></div><div class="right sidebar"><div class="graph "><h3>Graph View</h3><div class="graph-outer"><div id="graph-container" data-cfg="{"drag":true,"zoom":true,"depth":1,"scale":1.1,"repelForce":0.5,"centerForce":0.3,"linkDistance":30,"fontSize":0.6,"opacityScale":1,"showTags":true,"removeTags":[]}"></div><svg version="1.1" id="global-graph-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlnsXlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 55 55" fill="currentColor" xmlSpace="preserve"><path d="M49,0c-3.309,0-6,2.691-6,6c0,1.035,0.263,2.009,0.726,2.86l-9.829,9.829C32.542,17.634,30.846,17,29,17
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s1.794-4,4-4S33,46.794,33,49z M29,31c-3.309,0-6-2.691-6-6s2.691-6,6-6s6,2.691,6,6S32.309,31,29,31z M47,41c0,1.103-0.897,2-2,2
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s-2-0.897-2-2s0.897-2,2-2S47,39.897,47,41z M49,10c-2.206,0-4-1.794-4-4s1.794-4,4-4s4,1.794,4,4S51.206,10,49,10z"></path></svg></div><div id="global-graph-outer"><div id="global-graph-container" data-cfg="{"drag":true,"zoom":true,"depth":-1,"scale":0.9,"repelForce":0.5,"centerForce":0.3,"linkDistance":30,"fontSize":0.6,"opacityScale":1,"showTags":true,"removeTags":[]}"></div></div></div><div class="toc desktop-only"><button type="button" id="toc" class><h3>Table of Contents</h3><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="fold"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg></button><div id="toc-content"><ul class="overflow"><li class="depth-0"><a href="#概述" data-for="概述">概述</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#基础操作" data-for="基础操作">基础操作</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#基本功能" data-for="基本功能">基本功能</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#常用示例代码" data-for="常用示例代码">常用示例代码</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#深入探索" data-for="深入探索">深入探索</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#syspath-包含用于查找模块的目录列表" data-for="syspath-包含用于查找模块的目录列表">sys.path 包含用于查找模块的目录列表</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#sysstdinsysstdout-和-sysstderr-用于标准输入标准输出和标准错误流的对象" data-for="sysstdinsysstdout-和-sysstderr-用于标准输入标准输出和标准错误流的对象">sys.stdin、sys.stdout 和 sys.stderr 用于标准输入、标准输出和标准错误流的对象</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#sysexc_info-用于获取当前异常信息的元组" data-for="sysexc_info-用于获取当前异常信息的元组">sys.exc_info() 用于获取当前异常信息的元组</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="backlinks "><h3>Backlinks</h3><ul class="overflow"><li>No backlinks found</li></ul></div><div class="explorer mobile-only"><button type="button" id="explorer" data-behavior="collapse" data-collapsed="collapsed" data-savestate="true" data-tree="[{"path":"Journal","collapsed":true},{"path":"Journal/2024","collapsed":true},{"path":"Journal/2024/W33","collapsed":true},{"path":"Obsidian","collapsed":true},{"path":"Obsidian/Templates","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2018","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2020","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2021","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2022","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2023","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2024","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/个人成长","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/医学健康","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/历史","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/哲学宗教","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/心理","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/政治军事","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/教育学习","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/文学","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/生活百科","
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function toggleCallout() {
|
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const outerBlock = this.parentElement;
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outerBlock.classList.toggle(`is-collapsed`);
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const collapsed = outerBlock.classList.contains(`is-collapsed`);
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const height = collapsed ? this.scrollHeight : outerBlock.scrollHeight;
|
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outerBlock.style.maxHeight = height + `px`;
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let current = outerBlock;
|
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let parent = outerBlock.parentElement;
|
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while (parent) {
|
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if (!parent.classList.contains(`callout`)) {
|
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|
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return;
|
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|
|
}
|
|||
|
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const collapsed2 = parent.classList.contains(`is-collapsed`);
|
|||
|
|
const height2 = collapsed2 ? parent.scrollHeight : parent.scrollHeight + current.scrollHeight;
|
|||
|
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parent.style.maxHeight = height2 + `px`;
|
|||
|
|
current = parent;
|
|||
|
|
parent = parent.parentElement;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
function setupCallout() {
|
|||
|
|
const collapsible = document.getElementsByClassName(
|
|||
|
|
`callout is-collapsible`
|
|||
|
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);
|
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for (const div of collapsible) {
|
|||
|
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const title = div.firstElementChild;
|
|||
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if (title) {
|
|||
|
|
title.removeEventListener(`click`, toggleCallout);
|
|||
|
|
title.addEventListener(`click`, toggleCallout);
|
|||
|
|
const collapsed = div.classList.contains(`is-collapsed`);
|
|||
|
|
const height = collapsed ? title.scrollHeight : div.scrollHeight;
|
|||
|
|
div.style.maxHeight = height + `px`;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
document.addEventListener(`nav`, setupCallout);
|
|||
|
|
window.addEventListener(`resize`, setupCallout);
|
|||
|
|
</script><script type="module">
|
|||
|
|
import mermaid from 'https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mermaid/dist/mermaid.esm.min.mjs';
|
|||
|
|
const darkMode = document.documentElement.getAttribute('saved-theme') === 'dark'
|
|||
|
|
mermaid.initialize({
|
|||
|
|
startOnLoad: false,
|
|||
|
|
securityLevel: 'loose',
|
|||
|
|
theme: darkMode ? 'dark' : 'default'
|
|||
|
|
});
|
|||
|
|
document.addEventListener('nav', async () => {
|
|||
|
|
await mermaid.run({
|
|||
|
|
querySelector: '.mermaid'
|
|||
|
|
})
|
|||
|
|
});
|
|||
|
|
</script><script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/katex@0.16.7/dist/contrib/copy-tex.min.js" type="application/javascript"></script><script src="../../../../../postscript.js" type="module"></script></html>
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