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<p>Dockerfile 是一个文本文件,包含了一系列指令和参数,用于自动化构建 Docker 镜像。每条指令都会在镜像中创建一个新的层,涵盖了从基础镜像开始、复制文件、运行命令、设置环境变量等多种操作。通过 Dockerfile,可以确保镜像的构建过程是可重复且无差异的,这对于持续集成和持续部署(CI/CD)的实施至关重要。</p>
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<h2 id="dockerfile">Dockerfile<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#dockerfile" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
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<p>Dockerfile 的开发是一个循环的过程,涉及编写、构建、测试、优化和维护,旨在创建高效、可维护且可重复使用的 Dockerfile,以生成高质量的 Docker 镜像。</p>
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<p>以下是 Dockerfile 开发的常规工作流程:</p>
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<pre><code class="mermaid">graph TD
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A[需求分析] --> B[编写 Dockerfile]
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B --> C[构建镜像]
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C --> D[测试镜像]
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D --> E{满足需求?}
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E -->|是| F[优化和迭代]
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E -->|否| G[维护和更新]
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F --> H[分享和部署]
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G --> B
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H --> I[结束]
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</code></pre>
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<p>关键步骤:</p>
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<ol>
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<li><strong>定义基础镜像</strong>:从一个已有的镜像开始,这是所有后续操作的基础。</li>
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<li><strong>执行构建命令</strong>:安装软件包、修改配置文件等。</li>
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<li><strong>添加文件和目录</strong>:将所需文件和目录添加到镜像中。</li>
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<li><strong>设置工作目录</strong>:为 Dockerfile 中的指令指定工作目录。</li>
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<li><strong>配置环境变量</strong>:设定必要的环境变量。</li>
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<li><strong>暴露端口</strong>:声明容器监听的端口。</li>
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<li><strong>配置启动命令</strong>:设置容器启动时执行的命令。</li>
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</ol>
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<h3 id="指令">指令<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#指令" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
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<table><thead><tr><th>指令</th><th>描述</th><th>示例</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>FROM</strong></td><td>指定基础镜像,是构建新镜像的起点。</td><td><code>FROM ubuntu:18.04</code></td></tr><tr><td><strong>RUN</strong></td><td>在镜像构建过程中运行命令。</td><td><code>RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y nginx</code></td></tr><tr><td><strong>CMD</strong></td><td>提供容器启动时的默认执行命令。</td><td><code>CMD ["nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"]</code></td></tr><tr><td><strong>ENTRYPOINT</strong></td><td>配置容器启动时运行的命令,可以与 CMD 指令配合使用。</td><td><code>ENTRYPOINT ["./app"]</code></td></tr><tr><td><strong>COPY</strong></td><td>将文件从构建上下文复制到镜像中。</td><td><code>COPY . /app</code></td></tr><tr><td><strong>ADD</strong></td><td>将文件从构建上下文或 URL 复制到镜像中,可自动解压压缩包。</td><td><code>ADD http://example.com/big.tar.xz /usr/src/things/</code></td></tr><tr><td><strong>ENV</strong></td><td>设置环境变量。</td><td><code>ENV MY_VAR=value</code></td></tr><tr><td><strong>EXPOSE</strong></td><td>声明容器运行时监听的端口。</td><td><code>EXPOSE 80</code></td></tr><tr><td><strong>VOLUME</strong></td><td>创建一个挂载点来持久化数据。</td><td><code>VOLUME /data</code></td></tr><tr><td><strong>WORKDIR</strong></td><td>为 Dockerfile 中的指令设置工作目录。</td><td><code>WORKDIR /app</code></td></tr><tr><td><strong>ARG</strong></td><td>定义构建时的变量,可以在构建命令中用 <code>--build-arg</code> 来覆盖。</td><td><code>ARG VERSION=latest</code></td></tr><tr><td><strong>USER</strong></td><td>指定运行容器时的用户名或 UID,以及可选的用户组或 GID。</td><td><code>USER www-data</code></td></tr><tr><td><strong>LABEL</strong></td><td>为镜像添加元数据。</td><td><code>LABEL version="1.0"</code></td></tr><tr><td><strong>ONBUILD</strong></td><td>为镜像指定触发器指令,当镜像作为基础镜像时,触发器将在派生镜像中执行。</td><td><code>ONBUILD RUN echo 'Doing something...'</code></td></tr><tr><td><strong>HEALTHCHECK</strong></td><td>指定一个命令,用于检查容器是否健康运行。</td><td>`HEALTHCHECK CMD curl —fail <a href="http://localhost:80/" class="external">http://localhost:80/</a></td></tr><tr><td><strong>SHELL</strong></td><td>用于覆盖默认的 shell 命令。</td><td><code>SHELL ["/bin/bash", "-c"]</code></td></tr><tr><td><strong>STOPSIGNAL</strong></td><td>设置停止容器时发送的系统调用信号。</td><td><code>STOPSIGNAL SIGTERM</code></td></tr></tbody></table>
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<h3 id="示例">示例<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#示例" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
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<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="dockerfile" data-theme="default"><code data-language="dockerfile" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 指定基础镜像</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">FROM</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> python:3.8</span></span>
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<span data-line> </span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 设置工作目录</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">WORKDIR</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> /app</span></span>
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<span data-line> </span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 复制依赖文件到容器中</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">COPY</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> requirements.txt ./</span></span>
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<span data-line> </span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 安装依赖</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">RUN</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt</span></span>
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<span data-line> </span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 将当前目录下的所有文件复制到容器的工作目录中</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">COPY</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> . .</span></span>
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<span data-line> </span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 暴露端口</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">EXPOSE</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> 5000</span></span>
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<span data-line> </span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 定义容器启动时执行的命令</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">CMD</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> [</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">"flask"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">, </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">"run"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">, </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">"--host=0.0.0.0"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">]</span></span></code></pre></div>
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<h2 id="镜像构建">镜像构建<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#镜像构建" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
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<p>镜像构建是 Docker 使用中的核心概念,它允许用户从一个基础镜像开始,通过一系列步骤添加自定义的层次,最终创建出一个新的镜像。深入了解镜像构建,包括二次构建(多阶段构建)等高级特性,可以帮助你更高效地使用 Docker,优化你的开发和部署流程。</p>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>Dockerfile</strong>:Dockerfile 是构建 Docker 镜像的蓝图,它包含了一系列的指令,每个指令都会在镜像中创建一个新的层。</li>
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<li><strong>镜像层</strong>:Docker 镜像是由多个只读层组成的。当你更改镜像并提交这些更改时,你实际上是在基础镜像上添加了一个新层。</li>
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<li><strong>构建上下文</strong>:构建上下文是指向 Docker 守护进程的一组文件和目录,这些文件和目录用于构建 Docker 镜像。构建上下文的路径可以在 <code>docker build</code> 命令中指定。</li>
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</ul>
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<h3 id="基本构建">基本构建<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#基本构建" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
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<p>使用 <code>docker build</code> 命令和 Dockerfile 来构建镜像。在构建过程中,Docker 逐条处理 Dockerfile 中的指令,每条指令都会创建镜像的一个新层。构建完成后,你将获得一个可用于创建容器的镜像。</p>
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<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">docker</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">build</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">-t</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">my_image_name:my_tag</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">.</span></span></code></pre></div>
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<p>这个命令将使用当前目录中的 Dockerfile 来构建镜像,并将其标记为 <code>my_image_name:my_tag</code>。</p>
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<h3 id="多阶段构建">多阶段构建<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#多阶段构建" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
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<p>多阶段构建是 Docker 17.05 版本引入的一个特性,它允许在一个 Dockerfile 中定义多个构建阶段,每个阶段都可以使用不同的基础镜像。多阶段构建的主要优点是减小最终镜像的大小,提高构建效率,避免在最终镜像中包含不必要的文件。</p>
|
|||
|
<ul>
|
|||
|
<li><strong>定义多个阶段</strong>:可以通过在 Dockerfile 中多次使用 <code>FROM</code> 指令来定义多个构建阶段。</li>
|
|||
|
<li><strong>复制阶段间的文件</strong>:使用 <code>COPY --from=<stage></code> 指令可以从一个阶段复制文件到另一个阶段。</li>
|
|||
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="dockerfile" data-theme="default"><code data-language="dockerfile" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 第一阶段:构建阶段</span></span>
|
|||
|
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 使用官方 Python 镜像作为构建镜像的基础</span></span>
|
|||
|
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">FROM</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> python:3.8-slim </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">as</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> builder</span></span>
|
|||
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 设置工作目录</span></span>
|
|||
|
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">WORKDIR</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> /app</span></span>
|
|||
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 将应用依赖复制到容器中</span></span>
|
|||
|
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">COPY</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> requirements.txt .</span></span>
|
|||
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 安装应用依赖</span></span>
|
|||
|
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">RUN</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> pip install --user -r requirements.txt</span></span>
|
|||
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 复制应用代码到容器中</span></span>
|
|||
|
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">COPY</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> . .</span></span>
|
|||
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 第二阶段:运行阶段</span></span>
|
|||
|
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 再次从一个干净的 Python 镜像开始</span></span>
|
|||
|
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">FROM</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> python:3.8-slim</span></span>
|
|||
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 创建一个非 root 用户</span></span>
|
|||
|
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">RUN</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> useradd -m myuser</span></span>
|
|||
|
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">USER</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> myuser</span></span>
|
|||
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 从构建阶段复制已安装的依赖</span></span>
|
|||
|
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">COPY</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> --from=builder /root/.local /home/myuser/.local</span></span>
|
|||
|
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">COPY</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> --from=builder /app /app</span></span>
|
|||
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 设置工作目录</span></span>
|
|||
|
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">WORKDIR</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> /app</span></span>
|
|||
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 设置环境变量</span></span>
|
|||
|
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">ENV</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> PATH=/home/myuser/.local/bin:$PATH</span></span>
|
|||
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 暴露应用端口</span></span>
|
|||
|
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">EXPOSE</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> 5000</span></span>
|
|||
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 设置容器启动时执行的命令</span></span>
|
|||
|
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">CMD</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> [</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">"python"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">, </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">"app.py"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">]</span></span></code></pre></div>
|
|||
|
<h3 id="优化构建">优化构建<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#优化构建" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
|
|||
|
<ul>
|
|||
|
<li><strong>减少层的数量</strong>:合并多个 <code>RUN</code> 指令可以减少镜像层的数量,减小镜像大小。</li>
|
|||
|
<li><strong>使用 <code>.dockerignore</code> 文件</strong>:通过定义 <code>.dockerignore</code> 文件排除不必要的文件和目录,减少构建上下文的大小,加快构建速度。</li>
|
|||
|
<li><strong>利用构建缓存</strong>:Docker 会缓存每一层的结果,如果 Dockerfile 中的某一层没有变化,则在构建时会重用这一层的缓存。合理利用构建缓存可以显著提高构建效率。</li>
|
|||
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
<h2 id="镜像管理">镜像管理<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#镜像管理" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
|
|||
|
<p>Docker 提供了多种命令来管理本地存储的镜像:</p>
|
|||
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|
|||
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|
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|
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|
|||
|
<table><thead><tr><th>命令</th><th>描述</th><th>示例</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>docker images</code> 或 <code>docker image ls</code></td><td>列出本地所有镜像</td><td><code>docker images</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>docker rmi <image></code></td><td>删除指定的镜像</td><td><code>docker rmi nginx:latest</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>docker inspect <image></code></td><td>显示镜像的详细信息</td><td><code>docker inspect ubuntu:18.04</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>docker pull <image></code></td><td>从远程仓库拉取指定的镜像</td><td><code>docker pull python:3.8-slim</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>docker push <image></code></td><td>将本地镜像推送到远程仓库</td><td><code>docker push myusername/myimage:tag</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>docker build -t <tag> .</code></td><td>根据当前目录的 Dockerfile 构建镜像</td><td><code>docker build -t myapp:v1 .</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>docker history <image></code></td><td>查看镜像的构建历史</td><td><code>docker history nginx:latest</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>docker tag <image> <tag></code></td><td>为镜像添加一个新标签</td><td><code>docker tag myimage:latest myimage:v2</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>docker save -o <path> <image></code></td><td>将镜像保存为 tar 归档文件</td><td><code>docker save -o myimage.tar myimage:latest</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>docker load -i <path></code></td><td>从 tar 归档文件中加载镜像</td><td><code>docker load -i myimage.tar</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>docker image prune</code></td><td>删除未被任何容器使用的悬挂镜像</td><td><code>docker image prune</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>docker image rm <image></code></td><td>删除一个或多个镜像</td><td><code>docker image rm myimage1 myimage2</code></td></tr></tbody></table>
|
|||
|
<h2 id="镜像仓库">镜像仓库<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#镜像仓库" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
|
|||
|
<p>Docker 镜像仓库扮演着在 Docker 生态系统中极为关键的角色,它们不仅存储和分发容器镜像,还促进了开发和运维工作的协同。这些仓库可以是公开的,也可以是私有的,以满足不同的安全和隐私需求。</p>
|
|||
|
<p>Docker Hub 是最广为人知的 Docker 镜像仓库,提供了大量的公共镜像供下载和使用。它支持个人和组织管理镜像,并能与自动化构建和测试流程无缝集成。</p>
|
|||
|
<p>对于需要控制镜像访问权限的场景,私有 Docker 仓库是理想的选择。私有仓库可以部署在内部网络中,确保敏感镜像的安全。Docker Registry 是官方提供的开源仓库解决方案,支持本地部署和管理私有镜像。</p>
|
|||
|
<h3 id="使用-docker-hub-拉取镜像">使用 Docker Hub 拉取镜像<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#使用-docker-hub-拉取镜像" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
|
|||
|
<p>从 Docker Hub 或私有仓库拉取镜像是常见操作。使用 <code>docker pull</code> 命令可以轻松完成这一任务:</p>
|
|||
|
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">docker</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">pull</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">my_username/my_image_name:my_tag</span></span></code></pre></div>
|
|||
|
<h3 id="推送镜像到-docker-hub">推送镜像到 Docker Hub<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#推送镜像到-docker-hub" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
|
|||
|
<h4 id="1-创建-docker-hub-账号">1. 创建 Docker Hub 账号<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#1-创建-docker-hub-账号" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
|||
|
<p>如果你还没有 Docker Hub 的账号,你需要先在 <a href="https://hub.docker.com/" class="external">Docker Hub</a> 上注册一个。</p>
|
|||
|
<h4 id="2-登录到-docker-hub">2. 登录到 Docker Hub<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#2-登录到-docker-hub" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
|||
|
<p>在终端或命令行界面,使用 <code>docker login</code> 命令登录到你的 Docker Hub 账号。输入你的用户名和密码进行认证。</p>
|
|||
|
<pre><code>docker login
|
|||
|
</code></pre>
|
|||
|
<p>成功登录后,你的认证信息将被保存,以便后续操作无需重复登录。</p>
|
|||
|
<h4 id="3-标记你的镜像">3. 标记你的镜像<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#3-标记你的镜像" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
|||
|
<p>在推送镜像之前,你需要为你的镜像设置一个标签(Tag),这个标签应该包含你的 Docker Hub 用户名、镜像的名字,以及(可选的)标签。</p>
|
|||
|
<pre><code>docker tag local-image-name:tag your-dockerhub-username/repository-name:tag
|
|||
|
</code></pre>
|
|||
|
<ul>
|
|||
|
<li><code>local-image-name:tag</code> 是你本地镜像的名称和标签。</li>
|
|||
|
<li><code>your-dockerhub-username</code> 是你在 Docker Hub 上的用户名。</li>
|
|||
|
<li><code>repository-name</code> 是你希望在 Docker Hub 上创建的仓库名。</li>
|
|||
|
<li><code>tag</code> 是你给镜像指定的标签,如果不指定,默认为 <code>latest</code>。</li>
|
|||
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
<p>例如,如果你的 Docker Hub 用户名是 <code>johndoe</code>,并且你想要推送一个名为 <code>myapp</code> 的镜像,标签为 <code>v1.0</code>,你可以执行:</p>
|
|||
|
<pre><code>docker tag myapp:latest johndoe/myapp:v1.0
|
|||
|
</code></pre>
|
|||
|
<h4 id="4-推送镜像到-docker-hub">4. 推送镜像到 Docker Hub<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#4-推送镜像到-docker-hub" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
|||
|
<p>使用 <code>docker push</code> 命令将镜像推送到你的 Docker Hub 仓库:</p>
|
|||
|
<pre><code>docker push your-dockerhub-username/repository-name:tag
|
|||
|
</code></pre>
|
|||
|
<p>继续之前的例子:</p>
|
|||
|
<pre><code>docker push johndoe/myapp:v1.0
|
|||
|
</code></pre>
|
|||
|
<p>这个命令会将 <code>myapp</code> 镜像的 <code>v1.0</code> 标签版本推送到 Docker Hub 上的 <code>johndoe/myapp</code> 仓库中。</p>
|
|||
|
<h4 id="5-验证">5. 验证<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#5-验证" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
|||
|
<p>推送完成后,你可以在 Docker Hub 的网站上登录你的账号,查看你的仓库列表,确认新推送的镜像已经出现在列表中。</p>
|
|||
|
<h3 id="推送镜像到私人仓库">推送镜像到私人仓库<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#推送镜像到私人仓库" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
|
|||
|
<p>推送镜像到私人仓库的过程与推送到 Docker Hub 类似,但需要确保你有权限访问该私人仓库,并且可能需要配置额外的认证信息。以下是推送镜像到私人仓库的一般步骤:</p>
|
|||
|
<h4 id="1-登录私人仓库">1. 登录私人仓库<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#1-登录私人仓库" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
|||
|
<p>私有仓库通常需要认证,以保证仓库的安全性。使用 <code>docker login</code> 命令进行登录,确保你拥有足够的权限来推送镜像。</p>
|
|||
|
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">docker</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">login</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">myregistry.example.com</span></span></code></pre></div>
|
|||
|
<h4 id="2标记你的镜像">2.标记你的镜像<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#2标记你的镜像" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
|||
|
<p>在推送镜像之前,需要将其标记为私人仓库的地址。这是通过 <code>docker tag</code> 命令完成的,标记格式通常为 <code>仓库地址/用户名/镜像名称:标签</code>。</p>
|
|||
|
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">docker</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">tag</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">my_image_name:my_tag</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">myregistry.example.com/my_username/my_image_name:my_tag</span></span></code></pre></div>
|
|||
|
<p>这里:</p>
|
|||
|
<ul>
|
|||
|
<li><code>my_image_name:my_tag</code> 是你本地镜像的名称和标签。</li>
|
|||
|
<li><code>myregistry.example.com</code> 是你的私人仓库地址。</li>
|
|||
|
<li><code>my_username</code> 是你在该仓库的用户名或命名空间。</li>
|
|||
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
<h4 id="3-推送镜像">3. 推送镜像<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#3-推送镜像" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
|||
|
<p>完成镜像标记后,使用 <code>docker push</code> 命令将其推送到私人仓库。</p>
|
|||
|
<p>标记完成后,使用 <code>docker push</code> 命令将镜像推送到私人仓库:</p>
|
|||
|
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">docker</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">push</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">myregistry.example.com/my_username/my_image_name:my_tag</span></span></code></pre></div>
|
|||
|
<h4 id="4-管理私人仓库中的镜像">4. 管理私人仓库中的镜像<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#4-管理私人仓库中的镜像" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
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<p>私人仓库可能提供了一个用户界面或者 API,供你管理仓库中的镜像,包括查看、删除和设置访问权限等。</p>
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<h4 id="5-使用私人仓库中的镜像">5. 使用私人仓库中的镜像<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#5-使用私人仓库中的镜像" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
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<p>从私人仓库拉取镜像时,同样需要先进行认证。一旦认证通过,你可以使用 <code>docker pull</code> 命令拉取所需的镜像。</p>
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<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">docker</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">pull</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">myregistry.example.com/my_username/my_image_name:my_tag</span></span></code></pre></div></article></div><div class="right sidebar"><div class="graph "><h3>Graph View</h3><div class="graph-outer"><div id="graph-container" data-cfg="{"drag":true,"zoom":true,"depth":1,"scale":1.1,"repelForce":0.5,"centerForce":0.3,"linkDistance":30,"fontSize":0.6,"opacityScale":1,"showTags":true,"removeTags":[]}"></div><svg version="1.1" id="global-graph-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlnsXlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 55 55" fill="currentColor" xmlSpace="preserve"><path d="M49,0c-3.309,0-6,2.691-6,6c0,1.035,0.263,2.009,0.726,2.86l-9.829,9.829C32.542,17.634,30.846,17,29,17
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s1.794-4,4-4S33,46.794,33,49z M29,31c-3.309,0-6-2.691-6-6s2.691-6,6-6s6,2.691,6,6S32.309,31,29,31z M47,41c0,1.103-0.897,2-2,2
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s-2-0.897-2-2s0.897-2,2-2S47,39.897,47,41z M49,10c-2.206,0-4-1.794-4-4s1.794-4,4-4s4,1.794,4,4S51.206,10,49,10z"></path></svg></div><div id="global-graph-outer"><div id="global-graph-container" data-cfg="{"drag":true,"zoom":true,"depth":-1,"scale":0.9,"repelForce":0.5,"centerForce":0.3,"linkDistance":30,"fontSize":0.6,"opacityScale":1,"showTags":true,"removeTags":[]}"></div></div></div><div class="toc desktop-only"><button type="button" id="toc" class><h3>Table of Contents</h3><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="fold"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg></button><div id="toc-content"><ul class="overflow"><li class="depth-0"><a href="#概述" data-for="概述">概述</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#dockerfile" data-for="dockerfile">Dockerfile</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#指令" data-for="指令">指令</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#示例" data-for="示例">示例</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#镜像构建" data-for="镜像构建">镜像构建</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#基本构建" data-for="基本构建">基本构建</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#多阶段构建" data-for="多阶段构建">多阶段构建</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#优化构建" data-for="优化构建">优化构建</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#镜像管理" data-for="镜像管理">镜像管理</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#镜像仓库" data-for="镜像仓库">镜像仓库</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#使用-docker-hub-拉取镜像" data-for="使用-docker-hub-拉取镜像">使用 Docker Hub 拉取镜像</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#推送镜像到-docker-hub" data-for="推送镜像到-docker-hub">推送镜像到 Docker Hub</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#推送镜像到私人仓库" data-for="推送镜像到私人仓库">推送镜像到私人仓库</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="backlinks "><h3>Backlinks</h3><ul class="overflow"><li>No backlinks found</li></ul></div><div class="explorer mobile-only"><button type="button" id="explorer" data-behavior="collapse" data-collapsed="collapsed" data-savestate="true" data-tree="[{"path":"Journal","collapsed":true},{"path":"Journal/2024","collapsed":true},{"path":"Journal/2024/W33","collapsed":true},{"path":"Obsidian","collapsed":true},{"path":"Obsidian/Templates","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2018","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2020","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2021","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2022","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2023","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2024","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/个人成长","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/医学健康","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/历史","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/哲学宗教","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/心理","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/政治军事","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/教育学习","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/文学","collapsed"
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const height = collapsed ? this.scrollHeight : outerBlock.scrollHeight;
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outerBlock.style.maxHeight = height + `px`;
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const height2 = collapsed2 ? parent.scrollHeight : parent.scrollHeight + current.scrollHeight;
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parent.style.maxHeight = height2 + `px`;
|
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current = parent;
|
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parent = parent.parentElement;
|
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}
|
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}
|
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|
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const collapsible = document.getElementsByClassName(
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|
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);
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for (const div of collapsible) {
|
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const title = div.firstElementChild;
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if (title) {
|
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title.removeEventListener(`click`, toggleCallout);
|
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title.addEventListener(`click`, toggleCallout);
|
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const collapsed = div.classList.contains(`is-collapsed`);
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const height = collapsed ? title.scrollHeight : div.scrollHeight;
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div.style.maxHeight = height + `px`;
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}
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}
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}
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document.addEventListener(`nav`, setupCallout);
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window.addEventListener(`resize`, setupCallout);
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const darkMode = document.documentElement.getAttribute('saved-theme') === 'dark'
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document.addEventListener('nav', async () => {
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await mermaid.run({
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querySelector: '.mermaid'
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});
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</script><script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/katex@0.16.7/dist/contrib/copy-tex.min.js" type="application/javascript"></script><script src="../../../../postscript.js" type="module"></script></html>
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