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<h3 id="函数定义和调用">函数定义和调用<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#函数定义和调用" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
<p>在 PowerShell 中，函数是一段可以重复使用的代码块。定义函数使用 <code>function</code> 关键字：</p>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="powershell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="powershell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">function</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Get-Greeting</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> {</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Write-Output</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;Hello, World!&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">}</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 调用函数</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Get-Greeting</span></span></code></pre></div>
<h3 id="函数参数">函数参数<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#函数参数" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
<p>函数可以接受参数，使其更通用和灵活。可以通过 <code>param</code> 关键字定义参数：</p>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="powershell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="powershell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">function</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Get-Greeting</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> {</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">param</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> (</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> [</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">string</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">]$name </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;World&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> )</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Write-Output</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;Hello, $name!&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">}</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 调用函数并传递参数</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Get-Greeting</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">-</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">name </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;Alice&quot;</span></span></code></pre></div>
<h3 id="返回值">返回值<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#返回值" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
<p>函数可以返回值，这使得它们可以用于复杂的计算和逻辑操作：</p>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="powershell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="powershell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">function</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Add-Numbers</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> {</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">param</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> (</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> [</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">int</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">]$a</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">,</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> [</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">int</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">]$b</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> )</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">return</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> $a </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">+</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> $b</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">}</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 调用函数并获取返回值</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">$result </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Add-Numbers</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">-</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">a </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">5</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">-</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">b </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">3</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Write-Output</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;The sum is: $result&quot;</span></span></code></pre></div>
<h3 id="高级函数功能">高级函数功能<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#高级函数功能" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><strong>高级参数设置</strong>：通过 <code>Parameter</code> 特性定义参数属性，例如 <code>Mandatory</code> 和 <code>Position</code>。</li>
<li><strong>支持管道输入</strong>：使用 <code>ValueFromPipeline</code> 参数特性允许函数接收管道输入。</li>
</ul>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="powershell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="powershell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">function</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Get-Square</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> {</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> [</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">CmdletBinding</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">()]</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">param</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> (</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> [</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Parameter</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">(Mandatory</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">,</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> ValueFromPipeline)]</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> [</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">int</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">]$number</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> )</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">process</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> {</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">return</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> $number </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">*</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> $number</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> }</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">}</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 使用管道输入</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">1</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">..</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">5</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">|</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Get-Square</span></span></code></pre></div>
<h2 id="模块">模块<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#模块" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
<h3 id="模块是什么">模块是什么<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#模块是什么" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
<p>模块是 PowerShell 中的一种打包方式，允许将相关的函数、cmdlet、变量和其他资源组织在一起，以便重用和共享。模块可以帮助你管理和分发 PowerShell 代码。</p>
<h3 id="创建和使用模块">创建和使用模块<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#创建和使用模块" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
<p>创建一个模块只需将相关的函数和代码放在一个 <code>.psm1</code> 文件中。以下是一个简单模块的示例：</p>
<ol>
<li>创建一个名为 <code>MyModule.psm1</code> 的文件，并添加以下内容：</li>
</ol>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="powershell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="powershell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">function</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Get-Greeting</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> {</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">param</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> (</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> [</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">string</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">]$name </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;World&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> )</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Write-Output</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;Hello, $name!&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">}</span></span></code></pre></div>
<ol>
<li>将模块文件放在一个文件夹中，并将文件夹命名为模块的名称，例如 <code>MyModule</code>。</li>
<li>使用模块：</li>
</ol>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="powershell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="powershell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 确保模块文件夹路径包含在 $env:PSModulePath 中</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Import-Module</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">-</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">Name </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;MyModule&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 使用模块中的函数</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Get-Greeting</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">-</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">name </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;Alice&quot;</span></span></code></pre></div>
<h3 id="import-module-和-export-module">Import-Module 和 Export-Module<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#import-module-和-export-module" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><strong>Import-Module</strong>：用于加载模块，使其中定义的命令和功能可用。</li>
</ul>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="powershell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="powershell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Import-Module</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">-</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">Name </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;MyModule&quot;</span></span></code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li><strong>Export-ModuleMember</strong>：用于指定哪些函数、变量或别名可以导出并供模块使用者使用。添加到 <code>.psm1</code> 文件中：</li>
</ul>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="powershell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="powershell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">function</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Get-Greeting</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> {</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">param</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> (</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> [</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">string</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">]$name </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;World&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> )</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Write-Output</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;Hello, $name!&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">}</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Export-ModuleMember</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">-</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">Function </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Get-Greeting</span></span></code></pre></div>
<h3 id="示例创建和使用模块">示例：创建和使用模块<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#示例创建和使用模块" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
<p>以下是一个完整示例，展示如何创建和使用模块：</p>
<ol>
<li>创建模块文件夹 <code>MyModule</code>。</li>
<li>在模块文件夹中创建 <code>MyModule.psm1</code> 文件，内容如下：</li>
</ol>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="powershell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="powershell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">function</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Get-Greeting</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> {</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">param</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> (</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> [</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">string</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">]$name </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;World&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> )</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Write-Output</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;Hello, $name!&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">}</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Export-ModuleMember</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">-</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">Function </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Get-Greeting</span></span></code></pre></div>
<ol>
<li>在 PowerShell 中导入并使用模块：</li>
</ol>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="powershell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="powershell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 设置模块路径（如果需要）</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">$</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">env:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">PSModulePath </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">+=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;;C:\Path\To\Your\Module\Directory&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 导入模块</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Import-Module</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">-</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">Name </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;MyModule&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 使用模块中的函数</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Get-Greeting</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">-</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">name </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;Alice&quot;</span></span></code></pre></div>
<h3 id="模块发布">模块发布<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#模块发布" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
<p>可以将模块发布到 PowerShell Gallery 或私有仓库，方便其他用户安装和使用。</p>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="powershell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="powershell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 将模块发布到 PowerShell Gallery</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Publish-Module</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">-</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">Name </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;MyModule&quot;</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">-</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">NuGetApiKey </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;YourApiKey&quot;</span></span></code></pre></div>
<h2 id="错误处理">错误处理<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#错误处理" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
<h3 id="错误处理基础trycatchfinally">错误处理基础（try/catch/finally）<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#错误处理基础trycatchfinally" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
<p>在 PowerShell 中，可以使用 <code>try</code>, <code>catch</code> 和 <code>finally</code> 语句来处理脚本中的错误。</p>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="powershell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="powershell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">try</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> {</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 尝试执行的代码</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> $result </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Get-Process</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">-</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">Name </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;Notepad&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Write-Output</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;Process found: </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">$</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">($result.Name)</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">} </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">catch</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> {</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 捕获错误并处理</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Write-Output</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;An error occurred: </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">$_</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">} </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">finally</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> {</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 无论是否发生错误都会执行的代码</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Write-Output</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;Completed the error handling section.&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">}</span></span></code></pre></div>
<h3 id="捕获和处理异常">捕获和处理异常<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#捕获和处理异常" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
<p><code>catch</code> 块可以捕获不同类型的异常，并根据异常类型采取相应的处理措施。</p>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="powershell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="powershell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">try</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> {</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 尝试执行的代码</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> $result </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Get-Process</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">-</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">Name </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;Notepad&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Write-Output</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;Process found: </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">$</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">($result.Name)</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">} </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">catch</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> [</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">System.Management.Automation.CommandNotFoundException</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">] {</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Write-Output</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;Command not found: </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">$_</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">} </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">catch</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> [</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">System.Exception</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">] {</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Write-Output</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;General error: </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">$_</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">}</span></span></code></pre></div>
<h3 id="自定义错误处理">自定义错误处理<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#自定义错误处理" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
<p>可以自定义错误处理逻辑，使脚本更具健壮性和用户友好性。</p>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="powershell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="powershell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">function</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Get-ProcessInfo</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> {</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">param</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> (</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> [</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">string</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">]$processName</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> )</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">try</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> {</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> $process </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Get-Process</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">-</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">Name $processName </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">-</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">ErrorAction Stop</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Write-Output</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;Process Name: </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">$</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">($process.Name)</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Write-Output</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;CPU Usage: </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">$</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">($process.CPU)</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> } </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">catch</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> {</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Write-Output</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;Error: Process '$processName' not found.&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> }</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">}</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Get-ProcessInfo</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">-</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">processName </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;Notepad&quot;</span></span></code></pre></div>
<h2 id="调试">调试<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#调试" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
<h3 id="使用断点调试脚本">使用断点调试脚本<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#使用断点调试脚本" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
<p>可以在脚本中设置断点，以便逐步执行和调试代码。</p>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="powershell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="powershell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 设置断点</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Set-PSBreakpoint</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">-</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">Script </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;C:\Path\To\YourScript.ps1&quot;</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">-</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">Line </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">5</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 启动调试</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Get-Process</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 移除断点</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Remove-PSBreakpoint</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">-</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">Id </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">0</span></span></code></pre></div>
<h3 id="调试命令和技巧">调试命令和技巧<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#调试命令和技巧" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
<p>PowerShell 提供了一些用于调试脚本的命令和技巧：</p>
<ul>
<li><code>Get-PSBreakpoint</code>：查看当前设置的断点。</li>
<li><code>Enable-PSBreakpoint</code> 和 <code>Disable-PSBreakpoint</code>：启用或禁用断点。</li>
<li><code>Step-Into</code>、<code>Step-Over</code> 和 <code>Step-Out</code>：逐步执行代码。</li>
<li><code>Get-PSCallStack</code>：查看当前调用堆栈。</li>
</ul>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="powershell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="powershell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 调试示例</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">function</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Test-Debug</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> {</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">param</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> ($a</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">,</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> $b)</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> $sum </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> $a </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">+</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> $b</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Write-Output</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;Sum: $sum&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">}</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 设置断点在函数的第一行</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Set-PSBreakpoint</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">-</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">Script </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;C:\Path\To\YourScript.ps1&quot;</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">-</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">Command </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;Test-Debug&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 调用函数，触发断点</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Test-Debug</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">-</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">a </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">5</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">-</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">b </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">10</span></span></code></pre></div>
<h3 id="调试日志">调试日志<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#调试日志" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
<p>使用 <code>Write-Debug</code> 和 <code>Write-Verbose</code> 命令输出调试信息和详细信息。</p>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="powershell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="powershell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">function</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Test-Logging</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> {</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> [</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">CmdletBinding</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">()]</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">param</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> (</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> [</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">string</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">]$message</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> )</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Write-Debug</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;Debug: $message&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Write-Verbose</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;Verbose: $message&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">}</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 调用函数并启用调试和详细输出</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Test-Logging</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">-</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">message </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;Test message&quot;</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">-</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">Debug </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">-</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">Verbose</span></span></code></pre></div>
<h2 id="性能优化">性能优化<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#性能优化" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
<h3 id="提升脚本性能的方法">提升脚本性能的方法<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#提升脚本性能的方法" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
<p>优化脚本性能可以显著提高执行效率。以下是一些提升性能的方法：</p>
<ul>
<li>避免不必要的循环和递归。</li>
<li>使用高效的 cmdlet 和操作，例如 <code>Measure-Command</code> 来衡量代码块的执行时间。</li>
<li>尽量减少对外部资源的访问，例如磁盘 I/O 操作。</li>
<li>使用变量缓存重复计算的值。</li>
</ul>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="powershell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="powershell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 示例：使用 Measure-Command 测量执行时间</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Measure-Command</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> {</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> $sum </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">0</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">for</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> ($i </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">0</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">; $i </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">-lt</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">1000000</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">; $i</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">++</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">) {</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> $sum </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">+=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> $i</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> }</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">}</span></span></code></pre></div>
<h3 id="性能监控工具">性能监控工具<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#性能监控工具" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
<p>PowerShell 提供了一些工具来监控和分析脚本性能：</p>
<ul>
<li><code>Measure-Command</code>：测量代码块的执行时间。</li>
<li><code>Measure-Object</code>：测量对象的属性，例如长度、平均值、最大值、最小值。</li>
<li><code>Get-EventLog</code> 和 <code>Get-WinEvent</code>：检查系统事件日志，分析脚本对系统资源的影响。</li>
</ul>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="powershell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="powershell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 使用 Measure-Object 统计数据</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">$data </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">1</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">..</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">100</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">$data </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">|</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Measure-Object</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">-</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">Sum </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">-</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">Average </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">-</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">Maximum </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">-</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">Minimum</span></span></code></pre></div>
<h3 id="内存管理">内存管理<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#内存管理" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
<p>在处理大量数据时，优化内存使用也是提升性能的关键。可以通过以下方法进行内存管理：</p>
<ul>
<li>使用 <code>[System.Collections.Generic.List[&lt;Type>]]</code> 代替数组，以减少内存分配和复制。</li>
<li>在处理大型文本文件时，使用流式读取（<code>Get-Content -ReadCount</code>）来减少内存占用。</li>
</ul>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="powershell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="powershell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 示例：使用流式读取处理大型文本文件</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Get-Content</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">-</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">Path </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;largefile.txt&quot;</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">-</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">ReadCount </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">1000</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">|</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">ForEach-Object</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> {</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 处理每批次的行</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">$_</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">|</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">ForEach-Object</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> { </span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 处理单行</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Write-Output</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">$_</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> }</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">}</span></span></code></pre></div></article></div><div class="right sidebar"><div class="graph "><h3>Graph View</h3><div class="graph-outer"><div id="graph-container" data-cfg="{&quot;drag&quot;:true,&quot;zoom&quot;:true,&quot;depth&quot;:1,&quot;scale&quot;:1.1,&quot;repelForce&quot;:0.5,&quot;centerForce&quot;:0.3,&quot;linkDistance&quot;:30,&quot;fontSize&quot;:0.6,&quot;opacityScale&quot;:1,&quot;showTags&quot;:true,&quot;removeTags&quot;:[]}"></div><svg version="1.1" id="global-graph-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlnsXlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 55 55" fill="currentColor" xmlSpace="preserve"><path d="M49,0c-3.309,0-6,2.691-6,6c0,1.035,0.263,2.009,0.726,2.86l-9.829,9.829C32.542,17.634,30.846,17,29,17
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