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<p>OAuth 协议又有 1.0 和 2.0 两个版本,2.0 版整个授权验证流程更简单更安全,也是目前最主要的用户身份验证和授权方式。</p>
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<h3 id="oauth-20-定义">OAuth 2.0 定义<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#oauth-20-定义" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
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<p><strong>OAuth</strong> 是一个开放标准,允许用户授权第三方网站(例如 CSDN、思否等)获取用户数据。而不需要将用户名和密码提供给第三方网站;常见的提供 OAuth 认证服务的厂商: <strong>支付宝、QQ、微信、微博。</strong></p>
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<p>简单说,<strong>OAuth 就是一种授权机制。数据的所有者告诉系统,同意授权第三方应用进入系统并获取这些数据。系统从而产生一个短期的进入令牌(Token),用来代替密码,供第三方应用使用。</strong></p>
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<h4 id="令牌与密码的差异">令牌与密码的差异<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#令牌与密码的差异" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
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<p>令牌(Token)与密码(Password)的作用是一样的,都可以进入系统,但是有三点差异。</p>
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<ol>
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<li>**令牌是短期的,到期会自动失效,**用户自己无法修改。密码一般长期有效,用户不修改,就不会发生变化。</li>
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<li><strong>令牌可以被数据所有者撤销,会立即失效。</strong></li>
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<li><strong>令牌有权限范围(scope):</strong> 对于网络服务来说,只读令牌就比读写令牌更安全。密码一般是完整权限。</li>
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</ol>
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<p>OAuth 2.0 对于如何颁发令牌的细节,规定得非常详细。具体来说,一共分成<strong>四种授权</strong>模式 <strong>(Authorization Grant)</strong> ,适用于不同的互联网场景。</p>
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<ul>
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<li>授权码(authorization-code)</li>
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<li>隐藏式(implicit)</li>
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<li>密码式(password):</li>
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<li>客户端凭证(client credentials)</li>
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</ul>
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<p>无论哪个模式都拥有三个必要角色:<strong>客户端</strong>、<strong>授权服务器</strong>、<strong>资源服务器</strong>,有的还有<strong>用户(资源拥有者)</strong>。</p>
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<h2 id="授权码模式">授权码模式<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#授权码模式" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
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<p><strong>授权码(Authorization Code Grant) 方式,指的是第三方应用先申请一个授权码,然后再用该码获取令牌。</strong></p>
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<p>这种方式是最常用的流程,安全性也最高,它适用于那些有后端服务的 Web 应用。授权码通过前端传送,令牌则是储存在后端,而且所有与资源服务器的通信都在后端完成。这样的前后端分离,可以避免令牌泄漏。</p>
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<p>一句话概括:<strong>客户端换取授权码,客户端使用授权码换 Token,客户端使用 Token 访问资源</strong>。</p>
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<h3 id="步骤详解">步骤详解<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#步骤详解" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
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<h4 id="1-客户端">1. 客户端<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#1-客户端" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
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<p>打开网站 A,点击登录按钮,请求 A 服务,A 服务重定向 (重定向地址如下) 至授权服务器(如 QQ、微信授权服务)。</p>
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<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="http" data-theme="default"><code data-language="http" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">https://qq.com/oauth/authorize?</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> response_type=code&</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> client_id=CLIENT_ID&</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> redirect_uri=CALLBACK_URL&</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> scope=read</span></span></code></pre></div>
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<p>上面 URL 中,response_type 参数表示要求返回授权码(code),client_id 参数让 B 知道是谁在请求,redirect_uri 参数是 B 接受或拒绝请求后的跳转网址,scope 参数表示要求的授权范围(这里是只读)</p>
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<p><img src="https://static.7wate.com/img/2022/08/30/cd507ff3bb9b9.png" alt="授权码模式"/></p>
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<h4 id="2-授权服务器">2. 授权服务器<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#2-授权服务器" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
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<p>授权服务网站会要求用户登录,然后询问是否同意给予 A 网站授权。用户表示同意,这时授权服务网站就会跳回 redirect_uri 参数指定的网址。跳转时,会传回一个授权码,就像下面这样,code 参数就是授权码。</p>
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<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="http" data-theme="default"><code data-language="http" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">https://a.com/callback?code=AUTHORIZATION_CODE</span></span></code></pre></div>
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<p><img src="https://static.7wate.com/img/2022/08/30/e8a2a515684a0.png" alt="授权服务器"/></p>
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<h4 id="3-网站-a-服务器">3. 网站 A 服务器<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#3-网站-a-服务器" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
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<p>拿到授权码以后,就可以向 授权服务器 (qq.com) 请求令牌。</p>
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<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="http" data-theme="default"><code data-language="http" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">https://qq.com/oauth/token?</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> client_id=CLIENT_ID&</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> client_secret=CLIENT_SECRET&</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> grant_type=authorization_code&</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> code=AUTHORIZATION_CODE&</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> redirect_uri=CALLBACK_URL</span></span></code></pre></div>
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<p>上面 URL 中,client_id 参数和 client_secret 参数用来让授权服务器 确认 A 的身份(client_secret 参数是保密的,因此只能在后端发请求),grant_type 参数的值是 AUTHORIZATION_CODE,表示采用的授权方式是授权码,code 参数是上一步拿到的授权码,redirect_uri 参数是令牌颁发后的回调网址。</p>
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<p><img src="https://static.7wate.com/img/2022/08/30/f75bff03879bd.png" alt="网站 A 服务器"/></p>
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<h4 id="4-授权服务器">4. 授权服务器<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#4-授权服务器" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
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<p>收到请求以后,验证通过,就会颁发令牌;具体做法是向 redirect_uri 指定的网址,发送一段 JSON 数据。</p>
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<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="json" data-theme="default"><code data-language="json" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">{ </span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">"access_token"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">"ACCESS_TOKEN"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">,</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">"token_type"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">"bearer"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">,</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">"expires_in"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">2592000</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">,</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">"refresh_token"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">"REFRESH_TOKEN"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">,</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">"scope"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">"read"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">,</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">"uid"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">100101</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">,</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">"info"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">{...}</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">}</span></span></code></pre></div>
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<p>上面 JSON 数据中,access_token 字段就是令牌,A 网站在后端拿到了,然后返回给客户端即可。</p>
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<p><img src="https://static.7wate.com/img/2022/08/30/e8a7b64693d3c.png" alt="授权服务器"/></p>
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<h2 id="隐藏式模式implicit-grant">隐藏式模式(Implicit Grant)<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#隐藏式模式implicit-grant" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
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<p>有些 Web 应用是纯前端应用,没有后端;这时就不能用上面的方式了,必须将令牌储存在前端。</p>
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<p>OAuth2.0 就规定了<strong>第二种方式,允许直接向前端颁发令牌。这种方式没有授权码这个中间步骤,所以称为(授权码)” 隐藏式 “(implicit)</strong>。</p>
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<p>一句话概括:<strong>客户端让用户登录授权服务器换 Token,客户端使用 Token 访问资源。</strong></p>
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<h3 id="步骤详解-1">步骤详解<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#步骤详解-1" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
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<h4 id="1-客户端-1">1. 客户端<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#1-客户端-1" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
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<p>打开网站 A,然后 A 网站提供一个链接,要求用户跳转到授权服务器,授权用户数据给 A 网站使用。</p>
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<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="http" data-theme="default"><code data-language="http" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">https://qq.com/oauth/authorize?</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> response_type=token&</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> client_id=CLIENT_ID&</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> redirect_uri=CALLBACK_URL&</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> scope=read</span></span></code></pre></div>
|
|||
|
<p>上面 URL 中,response_type 参数为 token,表示要求直接返回令牌。</p>
|
|||
|
<h4 id="2-授权服务器-1">2. 授权服务器<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#2-授权服务器-1" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
|||
|
<p>用户跳转到授权服务器,登录后同意给予 A 网站授权。这时,授权服务器就会跳回 redirect_uri 参数指定的跳转网址,并且把令牌作为 URL 参数,传给 A 网站。</p>
|
|||
|
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="http" data-theme="default"><code data-language="http" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">https://a.com/callback#token=ACCESS_TOKEN</span></span></code></pre></div>
|
|||
|
<p>上面 URL 中,token 参数就是令牌,A 网站因此直接在前端拿到令牌。</p>
|
|||
|
<p><img src="https://static.7wate.com/img/2022/08/30/0e02abdb53ae8.png" alt="授权服务器"/></p>
|
|||
|
<p>还有需要<strong>注意</strong>的地方如下:</p>
|
|||
|
<ol>
|
|||
|
<li>令牌的位置是 URL 锚点(fragment),而不是查询字符串(querystring),这是因为 OAuth 2.0 允许跳转网址是 HTTP 协议,因此存在 ” 中间人攻击 ” 的风险,而浏览器跳转时,锚点不会发到服务器,就减少了泄漏令牌的风险。</li>
|
|||
|
<li>这种方式把令牌直接传给前端,是很不安全的。因此,只能用于一些安全要求不高的场景,并且令牌的有效期必须非常短,通常就是会话期间(session)有效,浏览器关掉,令牌就失效了。</li>
|
|||
|
</ol>
|
|||
|
<h2 id="用户名密码式模式password-credentials-grant">用户名密码式模式(Password Credentials Grant)<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#用户名密码式模式password-credentials-grant" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
|
|||
|
<p>如果你高度信任某个应用,OAuth 2.0 也允许用户把用户名和密码,直接告诉该应用。该应用就使用你的密码,申请令牌,这种方式称为 ” 密码式 “(password)。</p>
|
|||
|
<p>一句话概括:<strong>用户在客户端提交账号密码换 Token,客户端使用 Token 访问资源。</strong></p>
|
|||
|
<h3 id="步骤详解-2">步骤详解<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#步骤详解-2" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
|
|||
|
<h4 id="1-客户端-2">1. 客户端<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#1-客户端-2" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
|||
|
<p>A 网站要求用户提供 授权服务器(qq.com)的用户名和密码。拿到以后,A 就直接向授权服务器请求令牌。</p>
|
|||
|
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="http" data-theme="default"><code data-language="http" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">https://oauth.b.com/token?</span></span>
|
|||
|
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> grant_type=password&</span></span>
|
|||
|
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> username=USERNAME&</span></span>
|
|||
|
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> password=PASSWORD&</span></span>
|
|||
|
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> client_id=CLIENT_ID</span></span></code></pre></div>
|
|||
|
<p>上面 URL 中,grant_type 参数是授权方式,这里的 password 表示 ” 密码式 “,username 和 password 是授权服务器的用户名和密码。</p>
|
|||
|
<h4 id="2-授权服务器-2">2. 授权服务器<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#2-授权服务器-2" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
|||
|
<p>授权服务器验证身份通过后,直接给出令牌。注意,这时不需要跳转,而是把令牌放在 JSON 数据里面,作为 HTTP 回应,A 网站因此拿到令牌。</p>
|
|||
|
<p>这种方式需要用户给出自己的用户名/密码,显然风险很大,因此只适用于其他授权方式都无法采用的情况,而且必须是用户高度信任的应用。</p>
|
|||
|
<h2 id="客户端模式client-credentials-grant">客户端模式(Client Credentials Grant)<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#客户端模式client-credentials-grant" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
|
|||
|
<p>客户端模式指客户端以自己的名义,而不是以用户的名义,向授权服务器进行认证。主要适用于没有前端的命令行应用。</p>
|
|||
|
<p>一句话概括:<strong>客户端使用自己的标识换 token,客户端使用 token 访问资源</strong>。</p>
|
|||
|
<h3 id="步骤详解-3">步骤详解<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#步骤详解-3" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
|
|||
|
<h4 id="1-客户端-3">1. 客户端<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#1-客户端-3" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
|||
|
<p>客户端向授权服务器进行身份认证,并要求一个访问令牌。</p>
|
|||
|
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="http" data-theme="default"><code data-language="http" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">https://oauth.b.com/token?</span></span>
|
|||
|
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> grant_type=client_credentials&</span></span>
|
|||
|
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> client_id=CLIENT_ID&</span></span>
|
|||
|
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> client_secret=CLIENT_SECRET</span></span></code></pre></div>
|
|||
|
<p>上面 URL 中,grant_type 参数等于 client_credentials 表示采用凭证式,client_id 和 client_secret 用来让授权服务器确认 A 的身份。</p>
|
|||
|
<h4 id="2-授权服务器-3">2. 授权服务器<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#2-授权服务器-3" class="internal"> §</a></h4>
|
|||
|
<p>授权服务器验证通过以后,直接返回令牌。这种方式给出的令牌,是针对第三方应用的,而不是针对用户的,即有可能多个用户共享同一个令牌。</p>
|
|||
|
<h2 id="授权模式对比">授权模式对比<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#授权模式对比" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
|
|||
|
<p>按授权需要的多端情况:</p>
|
|||
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|
|||
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|
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|
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|
<table><thead><tr><th>模式</th><th>需要前端</th><th>需要后端</th><th>需要用户响应</th><th>需要客户端密钥</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>授权码模式 Authorization Code</td><td>✅</td><td>✅</td><td>✅</td><td>✅</td></tr><tr><td>隐式授权模式 Implicit Grant</td><td>✅</td><td>❌</td><td>✅</td><td>❌</td></tr><tr><td>密码授权模式 Password Grant</td><td>✅</td><td>✅</td><td>✅</td><td>✅</td></tr><tr><td>客户端授权模式 Client Credentials</td><td>❌</td><td>✅</td><td>❌</td><td>✅</td></tr></tbody></table>
|
|||
|
<h2 id="授权模式分类">授权模式分类<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#授权模式分类" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
|
|||
|
<p><img src="https://static.7wate.com/img/2022/08/30/aa101efbae0a2.png" alt="按照客户端类型与访问令牌所有者分类"/></p></article></div><div class="right sidebar"><div class="graph "><h3>Graph View</h3><div class="graph-outer"><div id="graph-container" data-cfg="{"drag":true,"zoom":true,"depth":1,"scale":1.1,"repelForce":0.5,"centerForce":0.3,"linkDistance":30,"fontSize":0.6,"opacityScale":1,"showTags":true,"removeTags":[]}"></div><svg version="1.1" id="global-graph-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlnsXlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 55 55" fill="currentColor" xmlSpace="preserve"><path d="M49,0c-3.309,0-6,2.691-6,6c0,1.035,0.263,2.009,0.726,2.86l-9.829,9.829C32.542,17.634,30.846,17,29,17
|
|||
|
s-3.542,0.634-4.898,1.688l-7.669-7.669C16.785,10.424,17,9.74,17,9c0-2.206-1.794-4-4-4S9,6.794,9,9s1.794,4,4,4
|
|||
|
c0.74,0,1.424-0.215,2.019-0.567l7.669,7.669C21.634,21.458,21,23.154,21,25s0.634,3.542,1.688,4.897L10.024,42.562
|
|||
|
C8.958,41.595,7.549,41,6,41c-3.309,0-6,2.691-6,6s2.691,6,6,6s6-2.691,6-6c0-1.035-0.263-2.009-0.726-2.86l12.829-12.829
|
|||
|
c1.106,0.86,2.44,1.436,3.898,1.619v10.16c-2.833,0.478-5,2.942-5,5.91c0,3.309,2.691,6,6,6s6-2.691,6-6c0-2.967-2.167-5.431-5-5.91
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|||
|
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|
|||
|
s-1.794-4-4-4c-0.74,0-1.424,0.215-2.019,0.567l-7.669-7.669C36.366,28.542,37,26.846,37,25s-0.634-3.542-1.688-4.897l9.665-9.665
|
|||
|
C46.042,11.405,47.451,12,49,12c3.309,0,6-2.691,6-6S52.309,0,49,0z M11,9c0-1.103,0.897-2,2-2s2,0.897,2,2s-0.897,2-2,2
|
|||
|
S11,10.103,11,9z M6,51c-2.206,0-4-1.794-4-4s1.794-4,4-4s4,1.794,4,4S8.206,51,6,51z M33,49c0,2.206-1.794,4-4,4s-4-1.794-4-4
|
|||
|
s1.794-4,4-4S33,46.794,33,49z M29,31c-3.309,0-6-2.691-6-6s2.691-6,6-6s6,2.691,6,6S32.309,31,29,31z M47,41c0,1.103-0.897,2-2,2
|
|||
|
s-2-0.897-2-2s0.897-2,2-2S47,39.897,47,41z M49,10c-2.206,0-4-1.794-4-4s1.794-4,4-4s4,1.794,4,4S51.206,10,49,10z"></path></svg></div><div id="global-graph-outer"><div id="global-graph-container" data-cfg="{"drag":true,"zoom":true,"depth":-1,"scale":0.9,"repelForce":0.5,"centerForce":0.3,"linkDistance":30,"fontSize":0.6,"opacityScale":1,"showTags":true,"removeTags":[]}"></div></div></div><div class="toc desktop-only"><button type="button" id="toc" class><h3>Table of Contents</h3><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="fold"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg></button><div id="toc-content"><ul class="overflow"><li class="depth-0"><a href="#oauth-20" data-for="oauth-20">OAuth 2.0</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#oauth-20-定义" data-for="oauth-20-定义">OAuth 2.0 定义</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#授权码模式" data-for="授权码模式">授权码模式</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#步骤详解" data-for="步骤详解">步骤详解</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#隐藏式模式implicit-grant" data-for="隐藏式模式implicit-grant">隐藏式模式(Implicit Grant)</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#步骤详解-1" data-for="步骤详解-1">步骤详解</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#用户名密码式模式password-credentials-grant" data-for="用户名密码式模式password-credentials-grant">用户名密码式模式(Password Credentials Grant)</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#步骤详解-2" data-for="步骤详解-2">步骤详解</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#客户端模式client-credentials-grant" data-for="客户端模式client-credentials-grant">客户端模式(Client Credentials Grant)</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#步骤详解-3" data-for="步骤详解-3">步骤详解</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#授权模式对比" data-for="授权模式对比">授权模式对比</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#授权模式分类" data-for="授权模式分类">授权模式分类</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="backlinks "><h3>Backlinks</h3><ul class="overflow"><li>No backlinks found</li></ul></div><div class="explorer mobile-only"><button type="button" id="explorer" data-behavior="collapse" data-collapsed="collapsed" data-savestate="true" data-tree="[{"path":"Journal","collapsed":true},{"path":"Journal/2024","collapsed":true},{"path":"Journal/2024/W33","collapsed":true},{"path":"Obsidian","collapsed":true},{"path":"Obsidian/Templates","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2018","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2020","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2021","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2022","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2023","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2024","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/个人成长","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/医学健康","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/历史","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/哲学宗教","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/心理","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/政治军事","collapsed":true},{"path"
|
|||
|
function toggleCallout() {
|
|||
|
const outerBlock = this.parentElement;
|
|||
|
outerBlock.classList.toggle(`is-collapsed`);
|
|||
|
const collapsed = outerBlock.classList.contains(`is-collapsed`);
|
|||
|
const height = collapsed ? this.scrollHeight : outerBlock.scrollHeight;
|
|||
|
outerBlock.style.maxHeight = height + `px`;
|
|||
|
let current = outerBlock;
|
|||
|
let parent = outerBlock.parentElement;
|
|||
|
while (parent) {
|
|||
|
if (!parent.classList.contains(`callout`)) {
|
|||
|
return;
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
const collapsed2 = parent.classList.contains(`is-collapsed`);
|
|||
|
const height2 = collapsed2 ? parent.scrollHeight : parent.scrollHeight + current.scrollHeight;
|
|||
|
parent.style.maxHeight = height2 + `px`;
|
|||
|
current = parent;
|
|||
|
parent = parent.parentElement;
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
function setupCallout() {
|
|||
|
const collapsible = document.getElementsByClassName(
|
|||
|
`callout is-collapsible`
|
|||
|
);
|
|||
|
for (const div of collapsible) {
|
|||
|
const title = div.firstElementChild;
|
|||
|
if (title) {
|
|||
|
title.removeEventListener(`click`, toggleCallout);
|
|||
|
title.addEventListener(`click`, toggleCallout);
|
|||
|
const collapsed = div.classList.contains(`is-collapsed`);
|
|||
|
const height = collapsed ? title.scrollHeight : div.scrollHeight;
|
|||
|
div.style.maxHeight = height + `px`;
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
document.addEventListener(`nav`, setupCallout);
|
|||
|
window.addEventListener(`resize`, setupCallout);
|
|||
|
</script><script type="module">
|
|||
|
import mermaid from 'https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mermaid/dist/mermaid.esm.min.mjs';
|
|||
|
const darkMode = document.documentElement.getAttribute('saved-theme') === 'dark'
|
|||
|
mermaid.initialize({
|
|||
|
startOnLoad: false,
|
|||
|
securityLevel: 'loose',
|
|||
|
theme: darkMode ? 'dark' : 'default'
|
|||
|
});
|
|||
|
document.addEventListener('nav', async () => {
|
|||
|
await mermaid.run({
|
|||
|
querySelector: '.mermaid'
|
|||
|
})
|
|||
|
});
|
|||
|
</script><script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/katex@0.16.7/dist/contrib/copy-tex.min.js" type="application/javascript"></script><script src="../../../../postscript.js" type="module"></script></html>
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