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<html lang="zh"><head><title>GitHub Actions</title><meta charset="utf-8"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=IBM Plex Mono&amp;family=Noto Serif Simplified Chinese:wght@400;700&amp;family=Source Sans Pro:ital,wght@0,400;0,600;1,400;1,600&amp;display=swap"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/><meta property="og:title" content="GitHub Actions"/><meta property="og:description" content="GitHub Actions 是 GitHub 提供的持续集成和持续交付（CI/CD）平台，允许开发者自动化他们的软件项目构建、测试和部署流程。通过在 GitHub 仓库中定义 YAML 格式的工作流文件，可以响应如代码提交或发布标签等 GitHub 事件来触发任务执行。GitHub Actions 支持跨平台运行，具备事件驱动、易于编写的 ..."/><meta property="og:image" content="https://wiki.7wate.com/static/og-image.png"/><meta property="og:width" content="1200"/><meta property="og:height" content="675"/><link rel="icon" href="../../../static/icon.png"/><meta name="description" content="GitHub Actions 是 GitHub 提供的持续集成和持续交付（CI/CD）平台，允许开发者自动化他们的软件项目构建、测试和部署流程。通过在 GitHub 仓库中定义 YAML 格式的工作流文件，可以响应如代码提交或发布标签等 GitHub 事件来触发任务执行。GitHub Actions 支持跨平台运行，具备事件驱动、易于编写的 ..."/><meta name="generator" content="Quartz"/><link href="../../../index.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" spa-preserve/><link href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/KaTeX/0.16.9/katex.min.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" spa-preserve/><script src="../../../prescript.js" type="application/javascript" spa-preserve></script><script type="application/javascript" spa-preserve>const fetchData = fetch("../../../static/contentIndex.json").then(data => data.json())</script></head><body data-slug="Technology/SoftwareEngineering/CI-and-CD/GitHub-Actions"><div id="quartz-root" class="page"><div id="quartz-body"><div class="left sidebar"><h2 class="page-title"><a href="../../..">🪴 X·Eden</a></h2><div class="spacer mobile-only"></div><div class="search"><button class="search-button" id="search-button"><p>搜索</p><svg role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 19.9 19.7"><title>Search</title><g class="search-path" fill="none"><path stroke-linecap="square" d="M18.5 18.3l-5.4-5.4"></path><circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7"></circle></g></svg></button><div id="search-container"><div id="search-space"><input autocomplete="off" id="search-bar" name="search" type="text" aria-label="搜索些什么" placeholder="搜索些什么"/><div id="search-layout" data-preview="true"></div></div></div></div><button class="darkmode" id="darkmode"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" id="dayIcon" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 35 35" style="enable-background:new 0 0 35 35" xml:space="preserve" aria-label="暗色模式"><title>暗色模式</title><path d="M6,17.5C6,16.672,5.328,16,4.5,16h-3C0.672,16,0,16.672,0,17.5 S0.672,19,1.5,19h3C5.328,19,6,18.328,6,17.5z M7.5,26c-0.414,0-0.789,0.168-1.061,0.439l-2,2C4.168,28.711,4,29.086,4,29.5 C4,30.328,4.671,31,5.5,31c0.414,0,0.789-0.168,1.06-0.44l2-2C8.832,28.289,9,27.914,9,27.5C9,26.672,8.329,26,7.5,26z M17.5,6 C18.329,6,19,5.328,19,4.5v-3C19,0.672,18.329,0,17.5,0S16,0.672,16,1.5v3C16,5.328,16.671,6,17.5,6z M27.5,9 c0.414,0,0.789-0.168,1.06-0.439l2-2C30.832,6.289,31,5.914,31,5.5C31,4.672,30.329,4,29.5,4c-0.414,0-0.789,0.168-1.061,0.44 l-2,2C26.168,6.711,26,7.086,26,7.5C26,8.328,26.671,9,27.5,9z M6.439,8.561C6.711,8.832,7.086,9,7.5,9C8.328,9,9,8.328,9,7.5 c0-0.414-0.168-0.789-0.439-1.061l-2-2C6.289,4.168,5.914,4,5.5,4C4.672,4,4,4.672,4,5.5c0,0.414,0.168,0.789,0.439,1.06 L6.439,8.561z M33.5,16h-3c-0.828,0-1.5,0.672-1.5,1.5s0.672,1.5,1.5,1.5h3c
<p><a href="https://docs.github.com/en/actions" class="external">GitHub Actions<svg aria-hidden="true" class="external-icon" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M320 0H288V64h32 82.7L201.4 265.4 178.7 288 224 333.3l22.6-22.6L448 109.3V192v32h64V192 32 0H480 320zM32 32H0V64 480v32H32 456h32V480 352 320H424v32 96H64V96h96 32V32H160 32z"></path></svg></a> 是一个持续集成和持续交付（CI/CD）平台，它允许开发者在 GitHub 仓库中自动化构建、测试和部署软件项目。通过定义工作流文件（workflow），开发者可以在特定事件（如代码提交或发布标签）触发时执行一系列任务。</p>
<p>GitHub Actions 的主要特性：</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>事件驱动</strong>：工作流可以基于 GitHub 上的各种事件（如 push、pull request、issue）触发。</li>
<li><strong>基于 YAML 文件</strong>：使用易于编写和阅读的 YAML 文件定义工作流。</li>
<li><strong>跨平台支持</strong>：支持在 Linux、macOS 和 Windows 环境下运行作业。</li>
<li><strong>安全性</strong>：通过 GitHub Secrets 管理敏感信息，确保工作流的安全性。</li>
</ul>
<p>GitHub Actions 的主要用途：</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>持续集成（CI）</strong>：在代码每次变更时自动运行构建和测试流程，确保代码的正确性和稳定性。</li>
<li><strong>持续交付（CD）</strong>：将代码自动部署到开发、测试或生产环境，确保软件可以快速、安全地发布。</li>
<li><strong>自动化任务</strong>：执行其他重复性任务，如代码格式化、依赖管理、安全扫描等。</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="github-actions-基本概念">GitHub Actions 基本概念<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#github-actions-基本概念" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<h3 id="工作流workflow">工作流（Workflow）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#工作流workflow" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p><strong>工作流（Workflow）是 GitHub Actions 的核心单元</strong>，通过 YAML 文件定义，位于 <code>.github/workflows/</code> 目录下。工作流文件描述了自动化流程的具体操作步骤，包括何时触发（on）、在何种环境中运行（runs-on）、以及执行的任务（jobs 和 steps）。</p>
<pre><code class="mermaid">graph TD
A[Workflow]
A --> B1[name]
A --> B2[on]
B2 --> C1[push]
B2 --> C2[pull_request]
B2 --> C3[schedule]
B2 --> C4[workflow_dispatch]
A --> B3[jobs]
B3 --> D1[Job 1]
B3 --> D2[Job 2]
D1 --> E1[runs-on]
D1 --> E2[needs]
D1 --> E3[env]
D1 --> E4[steps]
E4 --> F1[Step 1]
E4 --> F2[Step 2]
F1 --> G1[uses]
F1 --> G2[run]
F1 --> G3[env]
F1 --> G4[with]
F2 --> G5[uses]
F2 --> G6[run]
F2 --> G7[env]
F2 --> G8[with]
D2 --> H1[runs-on]
D2 --> H2[needs]
D2 --> H3[env]
D2 --> H4[steps]
H4 --> I1[Step 1]
H4 --> I2[Step 2]
I1 --> J1[uses]
I1 --> J2[run]
I1 --> J3[env]
I1 --> J4[with]
I2 --> J5[uses]
I2 --> J6[run]
I2 --> J7[env]
I2 --> J8[with]
</code></pre>
<div class="table-container"><table><thead><tr><th>关键字</th><th>描述</th><th>示例</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>name</code></td><td>工作流的名称（可选）</td><td><code>name: CI/CD Pipeline</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>on</code></td><td>定义触发工作流的事件</td><td><code>on: [push, pull_request, schedule, workflow_dispatch]</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>push</code></td><td>代码推送事件</td><td><code>push: { branches: [main] }</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>pull_request</code></td><td>拉取请求事件</td><td><code>pull_request: { branches: [main] }</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>schedule</code></td><td>定时器触发</td><td><code>schedule: [{ cron: '0 0 * * *' }]</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>workflow_dispatch</code></td><td>手动触发工作流</td><td><code>workflow_dispatch:</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>jobs</code></td><td>包含一个或多个作业</td><td><code>jobs: { build: { ... }, test: { ... }, deploy: { ... } }</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>runs-on</code></td><td>指定作业运行的虚拟环境</td><td><code>runs-on: ubuntu-latest</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>needs</code></td><td>指定作业的依赖关系</td><td><code>needs: build</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>env</code></td><td>设置环境变量（作业级或步骤级）</td><td><code>env: { NODE_ENV: production }</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>steps</code></td><td>作业中的具体操作步骤</td><td><code>steps: [ { name: Checkout code, uses: actions/checkout@v2 }, ... ]</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>name</code> (Step)</td><td>步骤的名称</td><td><code>name: Checkout code</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>uses</code></td><td>调用预定义的 action</td><td><code>uses: actions/checkout@v2</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>run</code></td><td>运行命令行命令</td><td><code>run: npm install</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>with</code></td><td>传递给 action 的参数</td><td><code>with: { node-version: '14' }</code></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<h3 id="作业job">作业（Job）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#作业job" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>**作业（Job）是工作流中独立运行的一组步骤。**作业可以在不同的虚拟环境中运行，并且可以并行或按顺序执行；作业之间可以是独立的，也可以相互依赖。</p>
<pre><code class="mermaid">graph TD
A[jobs]
A --> B1[Job 1]
A --> B2[Job 2]
B1 --> C1[runs-on]
B1 --> C2[steps]
B1 --> C3[needs] --> D1[依赖的Job]
B1 --> C4[env] --> D2[环境变量]
C2 --> D3[Step 1]
C2 --> D4[Step 2]
D3 --> E1[uses]
D3 --> E2[run]
D3 --> E3[name]
D3 --> E4[with] --> F1[参数]
D3 --> E5[env] --> F2[环境变量]
D3 --> E6[if] --> F3[条件]
D4 --> G1[uses]
D4 --> G2[run]
D4 --> G3[name]
D4 --> G4[with] --> H1[参数]
D4 --> G5[env] --> H2[环境变量]
D4 --> G6[if] --> H3[条件]
B2 --> I1[runs-on]
B2 --> I2[steps]
B2 --> I3[needs] --> J1[依赖的Job]
B2 --> I4[env] --> J2[环境变量]
I2 --> K1[Step 1]
I2 --> K2[Step 2]
K1 --> L1[uses]
K1 --> L2[run]
K1 --> L3[name]
K1 --> L4[with] --> M1[参数]
K1 --> L5[env] --> M2[环境变量]
K1 --> L6[if] --> M3[条件]
K2 --> N1[uses]
K2 --> N2[run]
K2 --> N3[name]
K2 --> N4[with] --> O1[参数]
K2 --> N5[env] --> O2[环境变量]
K2 --> N6[if] --> O3[条件]
</code></pre>
<div class="table-container"><table><thead><tr><th><strong>关键字</strong></th><th><strong>描述</strong></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>jobs</code></td><td>顶级节点，包含所有作业的定义。</td></tr><tr><td><code>Job</code></td><td>每个作业的定义，包含运行环境、步骤、依赖关系和环境变量。</td></tr><tr><td><code>runs-on</code></td><td>指定作业运行的虚拟环境，如 <code>ubuntu-latest</code>、<code>windows-latest</code>、<code>macos-latest</code>。</td></tr><tr><td><code>steps</code></td><td>包含作业中所有步骤的列表。</td></tr><tr><td><code>Step</code></td><td>每个步骤的定义，可以包含 <code>uses</code>、<code>run</code>、<code>name</code>、<code>with</code>、<code>env</code> 和 <code>if</code> 等子字段。</td></tr><tr><td><code>uses</code></td><td>调用预定义的 Action，例如 <code>actions/checkout@v2</code>。</td></tr><tr><td><code>run</code></td><td>运行命令行命令，如 <code>npm install</code>。</td></tr><tr><td><code>name</code></td><td>步骤名称，用于描述步骤的功能。</td></tr><tr><td><code>with</code></td><td>传递给 Action 的参数，如 <code>node-version: '14'</code>。</td></tr><tr><td><code>env</code></td><td>环境变量，可以在作业级别或步骤级别定义。</td></tr><tr><td><code>if</code></td><td>条件表达式，控制步骤或作业的执行，例如 <code>if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main'</code>。</td></tr><tr><td><code>needs</code></td><td>定义作业的依赖关系，确保按顺序执行，例如 <code>needs: [build]</code>。</td></tr><tr><td><code>matrix</code></td><td>定义矩阵策略，用于在多个环境组合上并行运行作业。</td></tr><tr><td><code>timeout-minutes</code></td><td>设置作业超时时间，以分钟为单位，防止作业无限制地运行。</td></tr><tr><td><code>continue-on-error</code></td><td>如果设置为 <code>true</code>，即使作业失败也会继续执行后续作业。</td></tr><tr><td><code>container</code></td><td>在指定的 Docker 容器中运行作业。</td></tr><tr><td><code>services</code></td><td>为作业提供依赖服务，如数据库服务。</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<h3 id="步骤step">步骤（Step）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#步骤step" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>**步骤（Step）是作业中的单个任务。**步骤可以是运行命令行命令（run）或调用预定义的 action（uses）。步骤在同一个作业中按顺序执行，且共享相同的上下文，包括工作目录、环境变量等。</p>
<pre><code class="mermaid">graph TD
A[steps]
A --> B1[Step 1]
A --> B2[Step 2]
B1 --> C1[name]
B1 --> C2[uses]
B1 --> C3[run]
B1 --> C4[with] --> D1[参数]
B1 --> C5[env] --> D2[环境变量]
B1 --> C6[if] --> D3[条件]
B1 --> C7[continue-on-error] --> D4[错误继续]
B1 --> C8[timeout-minutes] --> D5[超时时间]
B2 --> E1[name]
B2 --> E2[uses]
B2 --> E3[run]
B2 --> E4[with] --> F1[参数]
B2 --> E5[env] --> F2[环境变量]
B2 --> E6[if] --> F3[条件]
B2 --> E7[continue-on-error] --> F4[错误继续]
B2 --> E8[timeout-minutes] --> F5[超时时间]
</code></pre>
<div class="table-container"><table><thead><tr><th><strong>关键字</strong></th><th><strong>描述</strong></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>steps</code></td><td>包含作业中所有步骤的列表。</td></tr><tr><td><code>name</code></td><td>步骤名称，用于描述步骤的功能。</td></tr><tr><td><code>uses</code></td><td>调用预定义的 Action，例如 <code>actions/checkout@v2</code>。</td></tr><tr><td><code>run</code></td><td>运行命令行命令，如 <code>npm install</code>。</td></tr><tr><td><code>with</code></td><td>传递给 Action 的参数，如 <code>node-version: '14'</code>。</td></tr><tr><td><code>env</code></td><td>环境变量，可以在步骤级别定义。</td></tr><tr><td><code>if</code></td><td>条件表达式，控制步骤的执行，例如 <code>if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main'</code>。</td></tr><tr><td><code>continue-on-error</code></td><td>如果设置为 <code>true</code>，即使步骤失败也会继续执行后续步骤。</td></tr><tr><td><code>timeout-minutes</code></td><td>设置步骤超时时间，以分钟为单位，防止步骤无限制地运行。</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<h3 id="runner-和执行器runner">Runner 和执行器（Runner）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#runner-和执行器runner" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>Runner 是运行 GitHub Actions 作业的计算资源。GitHub 提供了托管 Runner，也可以使用自托管 Runner。</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>托管 Runner</strong>：由 GitHub 提供和维护，目前支持 Linux、macOS 和 Windows。</li>
<li><strong>自托管 Runner</strong>：由用户提供和维护，适用于需要特殊软件或硬件环境的场景。</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="github-actions-中-yaml-的具体示例">GitHub Actions 中 YAML 的具体示例<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#github-actions-中-yaml-的具体示例" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<p>在 GitHub Actions 中，YAML 文件用于定义工作流的结构和行为。主要包括工作流名称、触发事件、作业和步骤等。</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">CI/CD Pipeline</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 定义触发事件：推送到 main 分支、拉取请求到 main 分支、定时触发、手动触发</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">on</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> push</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> branches</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">main</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> pull_request</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> branches</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">main</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> schedule</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">cron</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'0 0 * * *'</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> workflow_dispatch</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">jobs</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> build</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 使用 GitHub 托管的 Ubuntu 环境</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> runs-on</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">ubuntu-latest</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 矩阵策略：在多个 Node.js 版本上运行作业</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> strategy</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> matrix</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> node-version</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: [</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">12</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">14</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">16</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 作业级别环境变量</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> env</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> BUILD_ENV</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">production</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> steps</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Checkout code</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 使用 actions/checkout@v2 Action 检出代码</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> uses</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">actions/checkout@v2</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Set up Node.js</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 使用 actions/setup-node@v2 Action 设置 Node.js 环境</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> uses</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">actions/setup-node@v2</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> with</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> node-version</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">${{ matrix.node-version }}</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Install dependencies</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 运行命令安装依赖</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> run</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">npm install</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Build project</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 运行命令构建项目</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> run</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">npm run build</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Upload build artifacts</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 上传构建产物</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> uses</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">actions/upload-artifact@v2</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> with</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">build-artifacts</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> path</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">build/</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> test</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 需要等待 build 作业完成后再执行</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> needs</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">build</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> runs-on</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">ubuntu-latest</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 矩阵策略：在多个 Node.js 版本上运行作业</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> strategy</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> matrix</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> node-version</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: [</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">12</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">14</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">16</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> steps</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Checkout code</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> uses</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">actions/checkout@v2</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Set up Node.js</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> uses</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">actions/setup-node@v2</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> with</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> node-version</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">${{ matrix.node-version }}</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Install dependencies</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> run</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">npm install</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Run tests</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 运行命令执行测试</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> run</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">npm test</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 设置步骤级别的环境变量</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> env</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> CI</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> deploy</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 需要等待 test 作业完成后再执行</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> needs</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">test</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> runs-on</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">ubuntu-latest</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 仅在推送到 main 分支时执行部署</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> if</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">github.ref == 'refs/heads/main'</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> steps</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Checkout code</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> uses</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">actions/checkout@v2</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Set up Node.js</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> uses</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">actions/setup-node@v2</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> with</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> node-version</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">14</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Install dependencies</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> run</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">npm install</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Build project</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> run</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">npm run build</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Deploy to server</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 使用 GitHub Secrets 管理敏感信息</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> env</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> SSH_PRIVATE_KEY</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">${{ secrets.SSH_PRIVATE_KEY }}</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> REMOTE_USER</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">${{ secrets.REMOTE_USER }}</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> REMOTE_HOST</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">${{ secrets.REMOTE_HOST }}</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> run</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">|</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> echo &quot;$SSH_PRIVATE_KEY&quot; | tr -d '\r' | ssh-add - > /dev/null</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no $REMOTE_USER@$REMOTE_HOST &quot;mkdir -p ~/myapp&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> rsync -avz -e &quot;ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no&quot; ./build/ $REMOTE_USER@$REMOTE_HOST:~/myapp/</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no $REMOTE_USER@$REMOTE_HOST &quot;pm2 restart myapp&quot;</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h2 id="github-actions-基础实践">GitHub Actions 基础实践<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#github-actions-基础实践" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<h3 id="创建第一个-github-actions-工作流">创建第一个 GitHub Actions 工作流<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#创建第一个-github-actions-工作流" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>使用模板创建工作流是快速上手 GitHub Actions 的一种方法。GitHub 提供了一些预定义的模板，帮助用户快速生成工作流配置文件，适用于常见的 CI/CD 场景，如构建、测试和部署。</p>
<h4 id="使用模板">使用模板<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#使用模板" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<pre><code class="mermaid">graph LR
A[访问仓库的 Actions 页面] --> B[选择模板]
B --> C[修改模板]
C --> D[保存工作流文件]
</code></pre>
<ol>
<li><strong>访问仓库的 Actions 页面：</strong> 在 GitHub 仓库页面上，点击顶部菜单中的 “Actions” 标签，进入 Actions 页面。</li>
<li><strong>选择模板：</strong> GitHub 会根据仓库中的项目类型推荐一些工作流模板。例如，对于 Node.js 项目，会推荐 Node.js CI 模板。用户可以选择一个合适的模板进行创建。</li>
<li><strong>修改模板：</strong> 选择模板后，GitHub 会展示模板的 YAML 配置文件。用户可以根据需要修改该文件，例如调整触发条件、添加或删除步骤。</li>
<li><strong>保存工作流文件：</strong> 修改完成后，点击 “Start commit” 按钮，将工作流文件保存到仓库的 <code>.github/workflows/</code> 目录下。</li>
</ol>
<h4 id="手动创建">手动创建<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#手动创建" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p>手动编写工作流文件提供了更高的灵活性和控制力，适用于复杂或特定需求的自动化流程。用户可以根据具体需求，自定义工作流的触发条件、作业和步骤。</p>
<pre><code class="mermaid">graph LR
A[创建工作流文件] --> B[编写 YAML 文件]
B --> C[定义工作流名称和触发条件]
C --> D[定义作业和步骤]
</code></pre>
<ol>
<li><strong>创建工作流文件：</strong> 在仓库的根目录下创建 <code>.github/workflows/</code> 目录。如果该目录不存在，需要手动创建。</li>
<li><strong>编写 YAML 文件：</strong> 在 <code>.github/workflows/</code> 目录下创建一个新的 YAML 文件，例如 <code>ci.yml</code>。在该文件中定义工作流的名称、触发条件、作业和步骤。</li>
<li><strong>定义工作流名称和触发条件：</strong> 使用 <code>name</code> 字段定义工作流的名称，使用 <code>on</code> 字段定义工作流的触发条件，如 <code>push</code>、<code>pull_request</code>。</li>
<li><strong>定义作业和步骤：</strong> 使用 <code>jobs</code> 字段定义一个或多个作业，每个作业包含多个步骤。步骤可以是运行命令或调用预定义的 action。</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="使用预定义的-actions">使用预定义的 Actions<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#使用预定义的-actions" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>GitHub Actions 生态系统中包含大量的预定义 Actions，分为官方 Actions 和社区 Actions。官方 Actions 由 GitHub 维护和提供，质量和可靠性有保障；社区 Actions 由开源社区开发和维护，种类丰富，覆盖了各种功能需求。可以在 <a href="https://github.com/marketplace?type=actions" class="external">GitHub Marketplace<svg aria-hidden="true" class="external-icon" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M320 0H288V64h32 82.7L201.4 265.4 178.7 288 224 333.3l22.6-22.6L448 109.3V192v32h64V192 32 0H480 320zM32 32H0V64 480v32H32 456h32V480 352 320H424v32 96H64V96h96 32V32H160 32z"></path></svg></a> 查找和使用各种 Actions，查看其文档和示例。</p>
<h4 id="官方-actions-库">官方 Actions 库<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#官方-actions-库" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<div class="table-container"><table><thead><tr><th>Action</th><th>功能说明</th><th>示例</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>actions/checkout</code></td><td>检查出仓库代码</td><td><code>uses: actions/checkout@v2</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>actions/setup-node</code></td><td>设置 Node.js 环境</td><td><code>uses: actions/setup-node@v2</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>actions/upload-artifact</code></td><td>上传构建工件</td><td><code>uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>actions/download-artifact</code></td><td>下载构建工件</td><td><code>uses: actions/download-artifact@v2</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>actions/setup-python</code></td><td>设置 Python 环境</td><td><code>uses: actions/setup-python@v2</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>actions/setup-java</code></td><td>设置 Java 环境</td><td><code>uses: actions/setup-java@v2</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>actions/setup-go</code></td><td>设置 Go 环境</td><td><code>uses: actions/setup-go@v3</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>actions/cache</code></td><td>缓存依赖和构建结果</td><td><code>uses: actions/cache@v2</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>actions/github-script</code></td><td>在 GitHub 上运行任意脚本</td><td><code>uses: actions/github-script@v5</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>actions/labeler</code></td><td>根据文件更改自动打标签</td><td><code>uses: actions/labeler@v2</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>actions/stale</code></td><td>自动标记和关闭过期的 issues 和 PRs</td><td><code>uses: actions/stale@v5</code></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<h4 id="社区-actions-库">社区 Actions 库<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#社区-actions-库" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<div class="table-container"><table><thead><tr><th>Action</th><th>功能说明</th><th>示例</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>stefanzweifel/git-auto-commit-action</code></td><td>自动提交代码更改</td><td><code>uses: stefanzweifel/git-auto-commit-action@v4</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>docker/build-push-action</code></td><td>构建并推送 Docker 镜像</td><td><code>uses: docker/build-push-action@v2</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>slackapi/slack-github-action</code></td><td>发送通知到 Slack 频道</td><td><code>uses: slackapi/slack-github-action@v1</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>github/codeql-action</code></td><td>代码安全分析和质量检查</td><td><code>uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v2</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>peter-evans/create-issue-from-file</code></td><td>从文件创建 issue</td><td><code>uses: peter-evans/create-issue-from-file@v2</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>softprops/action-gh-release</code></td><td>发布 GitHub Release</td><td><code>uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v1</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>peaceiris/actions-gh-pages</code></td><td>部署静态网站到 GitHub Pages</td><td><code>uses: peaceiris/actions-gh-pages@v3</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>JamesIves/github-pages-deploy-action</code></td><td>自动部署到 GitHub Pages</td><td><code>uses: JamesIves/github-pages-deploy-action@4.1.4</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>coverallsapp/github-action</code></td><td>测试覆盖率报告</td><td><code>uses: coverallsapp/github-action@v1</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>actions-rs/toolchain</code></td><td>设置 Rust 工具链</td><td><code>uses: actions-rs/toolchain@v1</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>microsoft/playwright-github-action</code></td><td>运行 Playwright 测试</td><td><code>uses: microsoft/playwright-github-action@v1</code></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<p>使用预定义的 Actions 可以简化工作流配置，快速实现复杂功能。流行的预定义 Actions 通常经过广泛测试和使用，具有较高的可靠性和易用性。</p>
<p><strong>步骤：</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>
<p><strong>选择 Action：</strong> 在 GitHub Marketplace 或官方文档中查找需要的 Action，阅读其使用说明和示例。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>添加到工作流：</strong> 在工作流文件的 <code>steps</code> 部分，使用 <code>uses</code> 关键字引用选定的 Action，并根据需求传递参数。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>具体示例：</strong> 使用 <code>actions/checkout</code> 和 <code>actions/setup-node</code> Actions 的工作流示例：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">jobs</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> build</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> runs-on</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">ubuntu-latest</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> steps</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Checkout code</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> uses</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">actions/checkout@v2</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 该 Action 用于将仓库代码检出到 Runner 的工作目录。此步骤通常是工作流的第一步，用于获取最新代码。</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Set up Node.js</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> uses</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">actions/setup-node@v2</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> with</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> node-version</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'14'</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Install dependencies</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> run</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">npm install</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Run tests</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> run</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">npm test</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<p><strong>示例解析：</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><code>actions/checkout</code>：</li>
<li><code>actions/setup-node</code>：该 Action 用于设置 Node.js 环境。通过传递 <code>node-version</code> 参数，指定要使用的 Node.js 版本。</li>
<li><code>run</code>：使用 <code>run</code> 关键字直接运行命令行命令，如安装依赖和运行测试。</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="运行基本的-ci-流程">运行基本的 CI 流程<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#运行基本的-ci-流程" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<h4 id="构建">构建<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#构建" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p>构建工具用于自动化编译、打包和依赖管理，是 CI 流程的重要组成部分。Maven 和 Gradle 是常见的 Java 项目构建工具，其他语言也有类似的工具，如 Node.js 的 npm 和 Python 的 pip。</p>
<p><strong>步骤：</strong></p>
<ol>
<li><strong>设置构建环境：</strong> 在工作流文件中，配置运行环境和必要的依赖工具。例如，在 Java 项目中，通常需要设置 JDK 环境。</li>
<li><strong>添加构建步骤：</strong> 在 <code>steps</code> 部分，使用 <code>run</code> 关键字执行构建工具的命令，如 <code>mvn install</code> 或 <code>gradle build</code>。</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>示例：</strong> 集成 Maven 的工作流文件示例：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">jobs</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> build</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> runs-on</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">ubuntu-latest</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> steps</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Checkout code</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> uses</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">actions/checkout@v2</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Set up JDK</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> uses</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">actions/setup-java@v2</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> with</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> java-version</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'11'</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Build with Maven</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> run</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">mvn install</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<p>集成 Gradle 的工作流文件示例：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">jobs</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> build</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> runs-on</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">ubuntu-latest</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> steps</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Checkout code</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> uses</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">actions/checkout@v2</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Set up JDK</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> uses</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">actions/setup-java@v2</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> with</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> java-version</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'11'</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Build with Gradle</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> run</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">gradle build</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h4 id="测试">测试<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#测试" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p>单元测试和集成测试是保证代码质量和功能正确性的关键步骤。通过在工作流中集成测试步骤，可以在每次代码变更时自动运行测试，及时发现和修复问题。</p>
<p><strong>步骤：</strong></p>
<ol>
<li><strong>配置测试环境：</strong> 确保工作流中包含必要的依赖工具和环境设置，以便能够运行测试。例如，在 Node.js 项目中，需要安装依赖包。</li>
<li><strong>添加测试步骤：</strong> 在 <code>steps</code> 部分，使用 <code>run</code> 关键字执行测试命令，如 <code>npm test</code>、<code>mvn test</code> 或 <code>gradle test</code>。</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>示例：</strong> 添加单元测试和集成测试的工作流文件示例（Node.js 项目）：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">jobs</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> build</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> runs-on</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">ubuntu-latest</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> steps</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Checkout code</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> uses</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">actions/checkout@v2</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Set up Node.js</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> uses</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">actions/setup-node@v2</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> with</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> node-version</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'14'</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Install dependencies</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> run</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">npm install</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Run unit tests</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> run</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">npm test</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Run integration tests</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> run</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">npm run integration-test</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<p>添加单元测试和集成测试的工作流文件示例（Java 项目）：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">jobs</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> build</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> runs-on</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">ubuntu-latest</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> steps</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Checkout code</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> uses</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">actions/checkout@v2</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Set up JDK</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> uses</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">actions/setup-java@v2</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> with</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> java-version</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'11'</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Build with Maven</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> run</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">mvn install</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Run unit tests</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> run</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">mvn test</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Run integration tests</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> run</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">mvn verify</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h2 id="github-actions-进阶操作">GitHub Actions 进阶操作<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#github-actions-进阶操作" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<h3 id="自定义-actions">自定义 Actions<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#自定义-actions" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<h4 id="创建和发布-javascript-actions">创建和发布 JavaScript Actions<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#创建和发布-javascript-actions" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p>JavaScript Actions 是基于 Node.js 环境执行的自定义 Actions，适用于编写需要复杂逻辑或与 Node.js 生态系统集成的任务。它们可以复用现有的 npm 包，并且易于调试和测试。</p>
<ol>
<li>
<p><strong>初始化项目：</strong> 使用 <code>npm init</code> 初始化一个新的 Node.js 项目，并安装必要的依赖。</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> mkdir</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> my-action</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> cd</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> my-action</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> npm</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> init</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -y</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> npm</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> install</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> @actions/core</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> @actions/github</span></span></code></pre></figure>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>编写代码：</strong> 创建 <code>index.js</code> 文件，编写 Action 的核心逻辑。</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="javascript" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="javascript" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">const</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> core</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> =</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> require</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'@actions/core'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">const</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> github</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> =</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> require</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'@actions/github'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">try</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> const</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> nameToGreet</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> =</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> core.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">getInput</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'who-to-greet'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> console.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">`Hello ${</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">nameToGreet</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">}!`</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> const</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> time</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> =</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> new</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> Date</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">toTimeString</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> core.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">setOutput</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;time&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, time);</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">} </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> (error) {</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> core.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">setFailed</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(error.message);</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre></figure>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>创建 Action 元数据文件：</strong> 在项目根目录下创建 <code>action.yml</code> 文件，定义 Action 的元数据。</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'Hello World'</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">description</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'Greet someone and print the current time'</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">inputs</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> who-to-greet</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> description</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'The name of the person to greet'</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> required</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> default</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'World'</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">runs</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> using</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'node12'</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> main</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'index.js'</span></span></code></pre></figure>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>发布 Action：</strong> 将代码提交到 GitHub 仓库，并打标签发布。</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> git</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> add</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> .</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> git</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> commit</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -m</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;Initial commit&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> git</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> tag</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -a</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -m</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;Initial release&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> v1</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> git</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> push</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --follow-tags</span></span></code></pre></figure>
</li>
<li>
<p>**示例使用：**在工作流中使用自定义的 JavaScript Action：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">jobs</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> greet</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> runs-on</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">ubuntu-latest</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> steps</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Checkout code</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> uses</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">actions/checkout@v2</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Greet</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> uses</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">my-org/my-action@v1</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> with</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> who-to-greet</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'John Doe'</span></span></code></pre></figure>
</li>
</ol>
<h4 id="创建和发布-docker-actions">创建和发布 Docker Actions<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#创建和发布-docker-actions" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p>Docker Actions 运行在 Docker 容器中，适用于需要特定环境或依赖的任务。通过 Docker，可以确保 Action 在各种环境中具有一致的运行行为。</p>
<ol>
<li>
<p><strong>创建 Dockerfile：</strong> 在项目根目录下创建 <code>Dockerfile</code>，定义容器的构建过程。</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="dockerfile" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="dockerfile" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">FROM</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> node:12-alpine</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">COPY</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> . /my-action</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">WORKDIR</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> /my-action</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">RUN</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> npm install</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">ENTRYPOINT</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;node&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;/my-action/index.js&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span></code></pre></figure>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>编写代码：</strong> 创建 <code>index.js</code> 文件，编写 Action 的核心逻辑。</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="javascript" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="javascript" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">const</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> core</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> =</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> require</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'@actions/core'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">const</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> github</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> =</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> require</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'@actions/github'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">try</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> const</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> nameToGreet</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> =</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> core.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">getInput</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'who-to-greet'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> console.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">log</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">`Hello ${</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">nameToGreet</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">}!`</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">);</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> const</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> time</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> =</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> new</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> Date</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">().</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">toTimeString</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">();</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> core.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">setOutput</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;time&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, time);</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">} </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">catch</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> (error) {</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> core.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">setFailed</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(error.message);</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre></figure>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>创建 Action 元数据文件：</strong> 在项目根目录下创建 <code>action.yml</code> 文件，定义 Action 的元数据。</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'Hello World'</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">description</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'Greet someone and print the current time'</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">inputs</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> who-to-greet</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> description</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'The name of the person to greet'</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> required</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> default</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'World'</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">runs</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> using</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'docker'</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> image</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'Dockerfile'</span></span></code></pre></figure>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>发布 Action：</strong> 将代码提交到 GitHub 仓库，并打标签发布。</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> git</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> add</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> .</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> git</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> commit</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -m</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;Initial commit&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> git</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> tag</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -a</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -m</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;Initial release&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> v1</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> git</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> push</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --follow-tags</span></span></code></pre></figure>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>示例使用：</strong> 在工作流中使用自定义的 Docker Action：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">jobs</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> greet</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> runs-on</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">ubuntu-latest</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> steps</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Checkout code</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> uses</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">actions/checkout@v2</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Greet</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> uses</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">my-org/my-action@v1</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> with</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> who-to-greet</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'Jane Doe'</span></span></code></pre></figure>
</li>
</ol>
<h4 id="使用-composite-actions-复用步骤">使用 Composite Actions 复用步骤<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#使用-composite-actions-复用步骤" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p>Composite Actions 允许将多个步骤组合成一个 Action，以便在多个工作流中复用。适用于需要多个步骤的复杂任务。</p>
<p><strong>步骤：</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>
<p><strong>创建 Composite Action 文件：</strong> 在项目根目录下创建 <code>action.yml</code> 文件，定义 Composite Action。</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'Greet and Time'</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">description</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'Greet someone and print the current time'</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">inputs</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> who-to-greet</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> description</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'The name of the person to greet'</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> required</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> default</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'World'</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">runs</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> using</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'composite'</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> steps</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">run</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">echo &quot;Hello ${{ inputs.who-to-greet }}!&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">run</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">echo &quot;The current time is ${{ steps.time.outputs.time }}&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> id</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">time</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> shell</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">bash</span></span></code></pre></figure>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>发布 Composite Action：</strong> 将代码提交到 GitHub 仓库，并打标签发布。</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> git</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> add</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> .</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> git</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> commit</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -m</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;Initial commit&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> git</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> tag</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -a</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -m</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> &quot;Initial release&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> v1</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">$</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> git</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> push</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> --follow-tags</span></span></code></pre></figure>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>示例使用：</strong> 在工中使用自定义的 Composite Action：</p>
</li>
</ol>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">jobs</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> greet_and_time</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> runs-on</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">ubuntu-latest</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> steps</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Checkout code</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> uses</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">actions/checkout@v2</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Greet and Time</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> uses</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">my-org/greet-and-time@v1</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> with</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> who-to-greet</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'Alice'</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="使用-github-secrets-进行安全管理">使用 GitHub Secrets 进行安全管理<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#使用-github-secrets-进行安全管理" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<h4 id="添加和管理-secrets">添加和管理 Secrets<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#添加和管理-secrets" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p>Secrets 是 GitHub 提供的一种安全管理敏感信息的方法，用于存储诸如 API 密钥、凭据和其他机密数据。Secrets 可以在工作流中安全地引用，而不暴露实际值。</p>
<p><strong>步骤：</strong></p>
<ol>
<li><strong>添加 Secrets：</strong> 在 GitHub 仓库页面，进入 “Settings” <span>→</span> “Secrets” <span>→</span> “Actions”，点击 “New repository secret” 添加新的 Secret。
<ul>
<li><strong>Name</strong>：为 Secret 取一个名称，例如 <code>MY_SECRET</code>.</li>
<li><strong>Value</strong>：输入 Secret 的值，例如 <code>super-secret-value</code>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>管理 Secrets：</strong> Secrets 可以通过 GitHub 界面进行添加、编辑和删除。注意：Secret 值一旦保存，不能直接查看，只能通过工作流引用。</li>
</ol>
<h4 id="在工作流中安全地使用-secrets">在工作流中安全地使用 Secrets<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#在工作流中安全地使用-secrets" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p>在工作流中，可以通过 <code>${{ secrets.SECRET_NAME }}</code> 的语法安全地引用 Secrets。GitHub Actions 会在运行时将该表达式替换为实际的 Secret 值。</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">jobs</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> build</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> runs-on</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">ubuntu-latest</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> steps</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Checkout code</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> uses</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">actions/checkout@v2</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Use Secret</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> run</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">echo &quot;The secret is ${{ secrets.MY_SECRET }}&quot;</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<p><strong>示例解析：</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><code>secrets.MY_SECRET</code>：引用名称为 <code>MY_SECRET</code> 的 Secret。GitHub Actions 会在运行时自动替换为 Secret 的实际值。</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="设置条件化执行和并行作业">设置条件化执行和并行作业<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#设置条件化执行和并行作业" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<h4 id="使用-if-表达式设置条件化执行">使用 <code>if</code> 表达式设置条件化执行<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#使用-if-表达式设置条件化执行" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p><code>if</code> 表达式允许根据条件控制工作流的执行。例如，可以在特定分支上执行特定步骤，或在测试失败时停止后续步骤。</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">jobs</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> build</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> runs-on</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">ubuntu-latest</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> steps</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Checkout code</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> uses</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">actions/checkout@v2</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Run tests</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> run</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">npm test</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Deploy</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> if</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' &amp;&amp; success()</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> run</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">./deploy.sh</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<p><strong>示例解析：</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><code>if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' &amp;&amp; success()</code>：仅在当前分支为 <code>main</code> 且前一步骤成功时执行 <code>deploy</code> 步骤。</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="配置并行作业和依赖关系">配置并行作业和依赖关系<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#配置并行作业和依赖关系" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p>默认情况下，GitHub Actions 中的作业是并行运行的。通过配置 <code>needs</code> 关键字，可以定义作业之间的依赖关系，确保某些作业按顺序执行。</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">jobs</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> build</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> runs-on</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">ubuntu-latest</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> steps</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Checkout code</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> uses</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">actions/checkout@v2</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Build project</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> run</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">npm build</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> test</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> runs-on</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">ubuntu-latest</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> needs</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">build</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> steps</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Checkout code</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> uses</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">actions/checkout@v2</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Run tests</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> run</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">npm test</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> deploy</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> runs-on</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">ubuntu-latest</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> needs</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: [</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">build</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">test</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> steps</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Checkout code</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> uses</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">actions/checkout@v2</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Deploy project</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> run</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">./deploy.sh</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<p><strong>示例解析：</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><code>needs: build</code>：表示 <code>test</code> 作业依赖 <code>build</code> 作业，<code>test</code> 作业将在 <code>build</code> 作业完成后执行。</li>
<li><code>needs: [build, test]</code>：表示 <code>deploy</code> 作业依赖 <code>build</code> 和 <code>test</code> 作业，<code>deploy</code> 作业将在 <code>build</code> 和 <code>test</code> 作业完成后执行。</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="集成第三方服务如-slackawsazure">集成第三方服务（如 Slack、AWS、Azure）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#集成第三方服务如-slackawsazure" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<h4 id="使用-webhooks-和自定义-notifications">使用 Webhooks 和自定义 Notifications<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#使用-webhooks-和自定义-notifications" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p>Webhooks 允许工作流在特定事件发生时向外部服务发送 HTTP 请求，实现与外部服务的集成和通知。自定义 Notifications 可用于在工作流执行过程中发送通知，例如 Slack 通知。</p>
<p><strong>示例：</strong> 向 Slack 发送通知：</p>
<ol>
<li>
<p><strong>创建 Slack Webhook URL：</strong> 在 Slack 工作区中，创建一个新的 Webhook URL。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>添加 Slack Webhook URL 到 Secrets：</strong> 在 GitHub 仓库中添加一个新的 Secret，例如 <code>SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL</code>，保存 Webhook URL。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>在工作流中使用 Webhook URL：</strong></p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">jobs</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> notify</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> runs-on</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">ubuntu-latest</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> steps</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Send notification to Slack</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> run</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">|</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> curl -X POST -H 'Content-type: application/json' \</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> --data '{&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Build completed successfully!&quot;}' \</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> ${{ secrets.SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL }}</span></span></code></pre></figure>
</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>示例解析：</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><code>secrets.SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL</code>：引用名称为 <code>SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL</code> 的 Secret，用于发送 HTTP 请求到 Slack Webhook URL。</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="部署到-awsazuregcp-等云服务">部署到 AWS、Azure、GCP 等云服务<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#部署到-awsazuregcp-等云服务" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p>GitHub Actions 可以与各大云服务平台（如 AWS、Azure、GCP）集成，实现自动化部署。通过使用官方或社区提供的 Actions，可以简化部署流程。</p>
<p><strong>部署到 AWS S3：</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>
<p><strong>添加 AWS 凭证到 Secrets：</strong> 在 GitHub 仓库中添加 <code>AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID</code> 和 <code>AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY</code> Secrets。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>在工作流中配置部署步骤：</strong></p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">jobs</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> deploy</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> runs-on</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">ubuntu-latest</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> steps</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Checkout code</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> uses</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">actions/checkout@v2</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Upload to S3</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> uses</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">aws-actions/configure-aws-credentials@v1</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> with</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> aws-access-key-id</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">${{ secrets.AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID }}</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> aws-secret-access-key</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">${{ secrets.AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY }}</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> aws-region</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">us-west-2</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Sync S3 bucket</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> run</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">|</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> aws s3 sync . s3://my-bucket --exclude &quot;.git/*&quot;</span></span></code></pre></figure>
</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>示例解析：</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><code>aws-actions/configure-aws-credentials@v1</code>：配置 AWS 凭证和区域。</li>
<li><code>aws s3 sync</code>：使用 AWS CLI 将代码同步到 S3 存储桶。</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="通知集成如-slackmicrosoft-teams">通知集成（如 Slack、Microsoft Teams）<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#通知集成如-slackmicrosoft-teams" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p>除了 Webhooks，GitHub Actions 还可以通过官方和社区 Actions 发送通知到各种消息平台，如 Slack 和 Microsoft Teams。这些通知可以用于报告工作流状态、构建结果等。</p>
<p><strong>发送通知到 Microsoft Teams：</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>
<p><strong>创建 Microsoft Teams Webhook URL：</strong> 在 Microsoft Teams 中，创建一个新的 Webhook URL。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>添加 Webhook URL 到 Secrets：</strong> 在 GitHub 仓库中添加一个新的 Secret，例如 <code>TEAMS_WEBHOOK_URL</code>，保存 Webhook URL。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>在工作流中使用 Webhook URL：</strong></p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">jobs</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> notify</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> runs-on</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">ubuntu-latest</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> steps</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Send notification to Microsoft Teams</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> run</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">|</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> curl -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> -d '{&quot;title&quot;: &quot;Build Notification&quot;, &quot;text&quot;: &quot;The build has completed successfully!&quot;}' \</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> ${{ secrets.TEAMS_WEBHOOK_URL }}</span></span></code></pre></figure>
</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>示例解析：</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><code>secrets.TEAMS_WEBHOOK_URL</code>：引用名称为 <code>TEAMS_WEBHOOK_URL</code> 的 Secret，用于发送 HTTP 请求到 Microsoft Teams Webhook URL。</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="github-actions-高级实践">GitHub Actions 高级实践<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#github-actions-高级实践" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<h3 id="持续交付cd流程">持续交付（CD）流程<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#持续交付cd流程" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<h4 id="配置持续交付流水线">配置持续交付流水线<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#配置持续交付流水线" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p>持续交付（CD）是软件工程中的一项实践，旨在通过自动化部署过程，使软件能够随时发布到任何环境。GitHub Actions 提供了强大的工具支持配置和管理 CD 流水线。</p>
<p><strong>步骤：</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>
<p><strong>创建工作流文件：</strong> 在 <code>.github/workflows/</code> 目录下创建一个新的工作流文件，例如 <code>cd.yml</code>。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>定义触发条件：</strong> 配置工作流在合适的事件发生时触发，如代码推送到主分支或发布标签创建。</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">on</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> push</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> branches</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">main</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> release</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> types</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: [</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">created</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span></code></pre></figure>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>配置作业：</strong> 定义 CD 流水线的各个作业，包括构建、测试和部署。</p>
</li>
</ol>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">CD Pipeline</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">on</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> push</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> branches</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">main</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> release</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> types</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: [</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">created</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">jobs</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> build</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> runs-on</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">ubuntu-latest</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> steps</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Checkout code</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> uses</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">actions/checkout@v2</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Build project</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> run</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">npm build</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> test</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> runs-on</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">ubuntu-latest</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> needs</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">build</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> steps</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Checkout code</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> uses</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">actions/checkout@v2</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Run tests</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> run</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">npm test</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> deploy</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> runs-on</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">ubuntu-latest</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> needs</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: [</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">build</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">test</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> steps</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Checkout code</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> uses</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">actions/checkout@v2</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Deploy to production</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> run</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">./deploy.sh</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h4 id="自动化版本发布和部署">自动化版本发布和部署<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#自动化版本发布和部署" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p>自动化版本发布和部署确保软件能够快速、安全地交付给用户，减少人为操作和错误。GitHub Actions 可以自动执行版本号管理、构建工件发布和部署到目标环境。</p>
<p><strong>步骤：</strong></p>
<ol>
<li><strong>版本号管理：</strong> 在构建完成后，使用脚本自动更新版本号。</li>
<li><strong>发布构建工件：</strong> 使用 <code>actions/upload-artifact</code> 将构建工件上传到 GitHub，或使用 <code>actions/create-release</code> 创建 GitHub Release。</li>
<li><strong>自动部署：</strong> 配置部署步骤，将构建工件部署到目标环境。</li>
</ol>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">jobs</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> build</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> runs-on</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">ubuntu-latest</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> steps</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Checkout code</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> uses</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">actions/checkout@v2</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Set up Node.js</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> uses</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">actions/setup-node@v2</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> with</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> node-version</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'14'</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Build project</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> run</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">npm build</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Upload build artifacts</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> uses</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">actions/upload-artifact@v2</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> with</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">build-artifacts</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> path</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">build/</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> release</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> runs-on</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">ubuntu-latest</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> needs</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">build</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> steps</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Checkout code</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> uses</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">actions/checkout@v2</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Create GitHub Release</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> uses</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">actions/create-release@v1</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> env</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> GITHUB_TOKEN</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> with</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> tag_name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">v1.0.0</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> release_name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Release v1.0.0</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> draft</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">false</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> prerelease</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">false</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Upload release assets</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> uses</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">actions/upload-release-asset@v1</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> with</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> upload_url</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">${{ steps.create_release.outputs.upload_url }}</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> asset_path</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">./build/</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> asset_name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">build-artifacts.zip</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> asset_content_type</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">application/zip</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> deploy</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> runs-on</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">ubuntu-latest</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> needs</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">release</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> steps</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Checkout code</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> uses</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">actions/checkout@v2</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Deploy to production</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> run</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">./deploy.sh</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="使用矩阵构建不同环境和配置">使用矩阵构建不同环境和配置<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#使用矩阵构建不同环境和配置" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<h4 id="定义矩阵策略">定义矩阵策略<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#定义矩阵策略" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p>矩阵策略允许在多个环境和配置下并行运行作业，确保代码在不同平台、依赖版本和配置下的兼容性和稳定性。</p>
<p><strong>步骤：</strong></p>
<ol>
<li><strong>定义矩阵：</strong> 在工作流文件中使用 <code>matrix</code> 关键字定义多个变量组合。</li>
<li><strong>配置作业：</strong> 配置作业使用矩阵变量运行。</li>
</ol>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">jobs</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> build</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> runs-on</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">ubuntu-latest</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> strategy</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> matrix</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> node-version</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: [</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">12</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">14</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">16</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> os</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: [</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">ubuntu-latest</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">windows-latest</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">macos-latest</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> steps</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Checkout code</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> uses</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">actions/checkout@v2</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Setup Node.js</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> uses</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">actions/setup-node@v2</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> with</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> node-version</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">${{ matrix.node-version }}</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Install dependencies</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> run</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">npm install</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Run tests</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> run</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">npm test</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h4 id="针对不同操作系统和依赖版本运行作业">针对不同操作系统和依赖版本运行作业<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#针对不同操作系统和依赖版本运行作业" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p>使用矩阵策略，可以针对不同操作系统和依赖版本并行运行作业，验证代码在多种环境下的行为。</p>
<p><strong>示例： 在多个操作系统和 Node.js 版本上运行测试：</strong></p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">jobs</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> test</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> runs-on</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">${{ matrix.os }}</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> strategy</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> matrix</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> node-version</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: [</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">12</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">14</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">16</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> os</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: [</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">ubuntu-latest</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">windows-latest</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">macos-latest</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> steps</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Checkout code</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> uses</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">actions/checkout@v2</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Setup Node.js</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> uses</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">actions/setup-node@v2</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> with</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> node-version</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">${{ matrix.node-version }}</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Install dependencies</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> run</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">npm install</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Run tests</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> run</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">npm test</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="部署到-kubernetes">部署到 Kubernetes<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#部署到-kubernetes" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<h4 id="使用-kubectl-和-kustomize-进行-kubernetes-部署">使用 <code>kubectl</code> 和 <code>kustomize</code> 进行 Kubernetes 部署<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#使用-kubectl-和-kustomize-进行-kubernetes-部署" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p><code>kubectl</code> 是 Kubernetes 的命令行工具，用于管理 Kubernetes 集群。<code>kustomize</code> 允许在 Kubernetes 原生清单上进行声明式配置管理。使用它们可以实现自动化 Kubernetes 部署。</p>
<p><strong>步骤：</strong></p>
<ol>
<li><strong>配置 Kubernetes 凭证：</strong> 在 GitHub Secrets 中添加 Kubernetes 配置，例如 <code>KUBE_CONFIG</code>.</li>
<li><strong>编写部署步骤：</strong> 在工作流中使用 <code>kubectl</code> 和 <code>kustomize</code> 部署应用。</li>
</ol>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">jobs</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> deploy</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> runs-on</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">ubuntu-latest</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> steps</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Checkout code</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> uses</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">actions/checkout@v2</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Set up kubectl</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> uses</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">azure/setup-kubectl@v1</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> with</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> version</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'v1.18.0'</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Deploy to Kubernetes</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> env</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> KUBE_CONFIG</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">${{ secrets.KUBE_CONFIG }}</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> run</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">|</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> kubectl apply -k ./kustomize</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h4 id="集成-helm-charts">集成 Helm Charts<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#集成-helm-charts" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p>Helm 是 Kubernetes 的包管理工具，使用 Charts 定义、安装和管理 Kubernetes 应用。通过 Helm 可以简化 Kubernetes 应用的部署和管理。</p>
<p><strong>步骤：</strong></p>
<ol>
<li><strong>添加 Helm 凭证：</strong> 在 GitHub Secrets 中添加 Helm 凭证，例如 <code>HELM_REPO_URL</code> 和 <code>HELM_REPO_AUTH</code>.</li>
<li><strong>编写部署步骤：</strong> 在工作流中使用 Helm 部署应用。</li>
</ol>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">jobs</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> deploy</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> runs-on</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">ubuntu-latest</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> steps</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Checkout code</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> uses</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">actions/checkout@v2</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Set up Helm</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> uses</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">azure/setup-helm@v1</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Deploy with Helm</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> env</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> HELM_REPO_URL</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">${{ secrets.HELM_REPO_URL }}</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> HELM_REPO_AUTH</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">${{ secrets.HELM_REPO_AUTH }}</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> run</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">|</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> helm repo add my-repo $HELM_REPO_URL --username $HELM_REPO_AUTH</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> helm upgrade --install my-release my-repo/my-chart</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h4 id="433-配置自动扩展和滚动更新">4.3.3 配置自动扩展和滚动更新<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#433-配置自动扩展和滚动更新" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p>自动扩展和滚动更新是 Kubernetes 提供的功能，用于动态调整应用实例数量和无停机时间更新应用。配置这些功能可以提高应用的弹性和可靠性。</p>
<p><strong>步骤：</strong></p>
<ol>
<li><strong>编写 Kubernetes 配置文件：</strong> 使用 HPA（Horizontal Pod Autoscaler）和 Rolling Update 策略配置文件。</li>
<li><strong>在工作流中应用配置：</strong> 使用 <code>kubectl</code> 命令应用这些配置。</li>
</ol>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">jobs</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> deploy</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> runs-on</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">ubuntu-latest</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> steps</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Checkout code</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> uses</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">actions/checkout@v2</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Set up kubectl</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> uses</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">azure/setup-kubectl@v1</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> with</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> version</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'v1.18.0'</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Apply Kubernetes configuration</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> env</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> KUBE_CONFIG</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">${{ secrets.KUBE_CONFIG }}</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> run</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">|</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> kubectl apply -f k8s/deployment.yaml</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> kubectl apply -f k8s/hpa.yaml</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="性能优化和故障排查">性能优化和故障排查<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#性能优化和故障排查" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<h4 id="优化工作流运行时间">优化工作流运行时间<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#优化工作流运行时间" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p>优化工作流运行时间可以提高开发效率，减少等待时间。通过并行执行任务、缓存依赖和减少不必要的步骤可以实现优化。</p>
<p><strong>步骤：</strong></p>
<ol>
<li><strong>使用缓存：</strong> 使用 <code>actions/cache</code> 缓存依赖，减少重复下载和安装时间。</li>
<li><strong>并行执行任务：</strong> 将独立的任务配置为并行执行，减少总运行时间。</li>
</ol>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">jobs</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> build</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> runs-on</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">ubuntu-latest</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> steps</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Checkout code</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> uses</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">actions/checkout@v2</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Cache npm dependencies</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> uses</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">actions/cache@v2</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> with</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> path</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">~/.npm</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> key</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">${{ runner.os }}-node-${{ hashFiles('**/package-lock.json') }}</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> restore-keys</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">|</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> ${{ runner.os }}-node-</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Install dependencies</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> run</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">npm install</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Build project</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> run</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">npm build</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h4 id="日志和调试">日志和调试<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#日志和调试" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p>通过分析日志可以排查工作流中的问题。GitHub Actions 提供详细的日志记录，可以在执行过程中查看每个步骤的输出。</p>
<p><strong>步骤：</strong></p>
<ol>
<li><strong>启用调试日志：</strong> 在工作流文件中设置 <code>ACTIONS_STEP_DEBUG</code> 环境变量为 <code>true</code>。</li>
<li><strong>查看运行日志：</strong> 在 GitHub Actions 界面查看每个作业和步骤的详细日志。</li>
</ol>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">jobs</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> build</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> runs-on</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">ubuntu-latest</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> env</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> ACTIONS_STEP_DEBUG</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">true</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> steps</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Checkout code</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> uses</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">actions/checkout@v2</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Run tests</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> run</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">npm test</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h4 id="监控和告警设置">监控和告警设置<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#监控和告警设置" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p>通过监控和告警可以及时发现和处理问题，确保工作流的稳定运行。可以使用外部服务（如 Prometheus 和 Grafana）或集成通知（如 Slack）实现监控和告警。</p>
<p><strong>步骤：</strong></p>
<ol>
<li><strong>集成监控工具：</strong> 在工作流中集成 Prometheus、Grafana 等监控工具，收集和可视化指标数据。</li>
<li><strong>设置告警通知：</strong> 在工作流中配置告警通知，通过 Slack 或 Email 接收告警信息。</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>示例： 通过 Slack 发送告警通知：</strong></p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">jobs</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> notify</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> runs-on</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">ubuntu-latest</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> steps</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">Send notification to Slack</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> run</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">|</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> curl -X POST -H 'Content-type: application/json' \</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> --data '{&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Build failed!&quot;}' \</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> ${{ secrets.SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL }}</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h2 id="github-actions-与其他-cicd-工具的对比">GitHub Actions 与其他 CI/CD 工具的对比<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#github-actions-与其他-cicd-工具的对比" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<p>CI/CD 工具用于自动化软件构建、测试和部署过程，确保快速和可靠的发布周期。不同的工具有各自的优势和特点，适合不同规模和需求的项目。</p>
<h3 id="jenkins">Jenkins<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#jenkins" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>Jenkins 是一个开源的自动化服务器，广泛用于构建、部署和自动化任何项目。由于其强大的插件生态系统和可扩展性，Jenkins 成为许多企业的首选 CI/CD 工具。</p>
<p><strong>优点：</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><strong>开源和可扩展性</strong>：庞大的插件库，可以满足几乎所有的 CI/CD 需求。</li>
<li><strong>广泛的社区支持</strong>：活跃的社区和丰富的资源（文档、教程、插件）。</li>
<li><strong>可自托管</strong>：完全控制构建环境和安全性，适用于企业内部部署。</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>缺点：</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><strong>复杂性</strong>：设置和维护可能需要大量时间和经验。</li>
<li><strong>用户界面</strong>：传统界面可能不够直观，需要学习曲线。</li>
<li><strong>资源消耗</strong>：自托管模式需要管理服务器资源。</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>适用场景：</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>需要高度定制化和控制的企业级项目。</li>
<li>复杂的构建和部署流水线。</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>示例：</strong></p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="pipline" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="pipline" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span>pipeline {</span></span>
<span data-line><span> agent any</span></span>
<span data-line><span> stages {</span></span>
<span data-line><span> stage('Build') {</span></span>
<span data-line><span> steps {</span></span>
<span data-line><span> sh 'mvn clean install'</span></span>
<span data-line><span> }</span></span>
<span data-line><span> }</span></span>
<span data-line><span> stage('Test') {</span></span>
<span data-line><span> steps {</span></span>
<span data-line><span> sh 'mvn test'</span></span>
<span data-line><span> }</span></span>
<span data-line><span> }</span></span>
<span data-line><span> stage('Deploy') {</span></span>
<span data-line><span> steps {</span></span>
<span data-line><span> sh './deploy.sh'</span></span>
<span data-line><span> }</span></span>
<span data-line><span> }</span></span>
<span data-line><span> }</span></span>
<span data-line><span>}</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="travis-ci">Travis CI<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#travis-ci" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>Travis CI 是一个基于云的 CI 服务，特别适合开源项目。它提供简单的配置和与 GitHub 的深度集成。</p>
<p><strong>优点：</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><strong>简单易用</strong>：配置文件简洁明了，适合快速上手。</li>
<li><strong>开源友好</strong>：免费提供给开源项目。</li>
<li><strong>GitHub 集成</strong>：无缝集成 GitHub 仓库。</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>缺点：</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><strong>有限的自定义</strong>：相比 Jenkins，Travis CI 的自定义能力较弱。</li>
<li><strong>资源限制</strong>：免费版有并发构建和资源使用限制。</li>
<li><strong>速度和稳定性</strong>：在高峰期可能会出现构建排队和延迟。</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>适用场景：</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>开源项目。</li>
<li>需要快速上手和简便配置的小型项目。</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>示例：</strong></p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">language</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">java</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">jdk</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">openjdk11</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">script</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">mvn clean install</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">mvn test</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">deploy</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> provider</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">script</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> script</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">./deploy.sh</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> on</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> branch</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">main</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="circleci">CircleCI<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#circleci" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>CircleCI 是一个基于云的 CI/CD 工具，提供灵活的配置和强大的并行执行能力，支持多种编程语言和框架。</p>
<p><strong>优点：</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><strong>并行执行</strong>：支持并行化构建和测试，加快 CI/CD 流水线速度。</li>
<li><strong>灵活配置</strong>：通过 YAML 文件配置流水线，支持多种语言和环境。</li>
<li><strong>集成和扩展</strong>：与 GitHub、Bitbucket 和 Docker 集成良好。</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>缺点：</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><strong>成本</strong>：高级功能和更多资源需要付费。</li>
<li><strong>复杂配置</strong>：高级功能可能需要复杂的配置和调试。</li>
<li><strong>资源限制</strong>：免费版有并发和资源使用限制。</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>适用场景：</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>需要高并发和快速构建的大型项目。</li>
<li>希望在云端管理 CI/CD 流水线的项目。</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>示例：</strong></p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">version</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">2.1</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">jobs</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> build</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> docker</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">image</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">circleci/openjdk:11</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> steps</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">checkout</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">run</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">mvn clean install</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">run</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">mvn test</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">workflows</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> version</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">2</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> build-and-test</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> jobs</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">build</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="gitlab-ci">GitLab CI<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#gitlab-ci" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>GitLab CI 是 GitLab 集成的 CI/CD 工具，提供完整的 DevOps 生命周期管理，适合从代码托管到部署的全流程管理。</p>
<p><strong>优点：</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><strong>集成性</strong>：与 GitLab 无缝集成，支持整个 DevOps 生命周期。</li>
<li><strong>自托管</strong>：提供自托管和云端版本，满足不同企业需求。</li>
<li><strong>安全性</strong>：内置的安全扫描和代码质量检查功能。</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>缺点：</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><strong>复杂性</strong>：全面的功能可能需要较长的学习曲线。</li>
<li><strong>资源管理</strong>：自托管版本需要额外的资源管理和维护。</li>
<li><strong>界面</strong>：某些高级功能的界面和配置可能不够直观。</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>适用场景：</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>需要一体化 DevOps 解决方案的企业。</li>
<li>希望在同一平台上管理代码、CI/CD 和部署的项目。</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>示例：</strong></p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="yaml" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">stages</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">build</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">test</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">deploy</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">build</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> stage</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">build</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> script</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">mvn clean install</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">test</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> stage</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">test</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> script</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">mvn test</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;">deploy</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> stage</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">deploy</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> script</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">./deploy.sh</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#22863A;--shiki-dark:#85E89D;"> only</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> - </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">main</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="比较总结">比较总结<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#比较总结" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<div class="table-container"><table><thead><tr><th>特性</th><th>Jenkins</th><th>Travis CI</th><th>CircleCI</th><th>GitLab CI</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>开源/商业</strong></td><td>开源</td><td>商业，开源项目免费</td><td>商业，开源项目有限免费</td><td>开源，商业版</td></tr><tr><td><strong>托管方式</strong></td><td>自托管</td><td>云服务</td><td>云服务，自托管</td><td>云服务，自托管</td></tr><tr><td><strong>扩展性</strong></td><td>高</td><td>中</td><td>中</td><td>高</td></tr><tr><td><strong>配置复杂度</strong></td><td>高</td><td>低</td><td>中</td><td>中</td></tr><tr><td><strong>社区支持</strong></td><td>强</td><td>强</td><td>强</td><td>强</td></tr><tr><td><strong>适用项目类型</strong></td><td>大型企业项目，复杂流水线</td><td>开源项目，小型项目</td><td>需要高并发和快速构建的项目</td><td>希望全流程管理的企业项目</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<p>不同的 CI/CD 工具各有优劣，选择合适的工具需要根据项目规模、复杂度和团队需求进行综合考虑。</p></article><hr/><div class="page-footer"></div></div><div class="right sidebar"><div class="graph"><h3>关系图谱</h3><div class="graph-outer"><div id="graph-container" data-cfg="{&quot;drag&quot;:true,&quot;zoom&quot;:true,&quot;depth&quot;:1,&quot;scale&quot;:1.1,&quot;repelForce&quot;:0.5,&quot;centerForce&quot;:0.3,&quot;linkDistance&quot;:30,&quot;fontSize&quot;:0.6,&quot;opacityScale&quot;:1,&quot;showTags&quot;:true,&quot;removeTags&quot;:[],&quot;focusOnHover&quot;:false}"></div><button id="global-graph-icon" aria-label="Global Graph"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 55 55" fill="currentColor" xml:space="preserve"><path d="M49,0c-3.309,0-6,2.691-6,6c0,1.035,0.263,2.009,0.726,2.86l-9.829,9.829C32.542,17.634,30.846,17,29,17
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s-2-0.897-2-2s0.897-2,2-2S47,39.897,47,41z M49,10c-2.206,0-4-1.794-4-4s1.794-4,4-4s4,1.794,4,4S51.206,10,49,10z"></path></svg></button></div><div id="global-graph-outer"><div id="global-graph-container" data-cfg="{&quot;drag&quot;:true,&quot;zoom&quot;:true,&quot;depth&quot;:-1,&quot;scale&quot;:0.9,&quot;repelForce&quot;:0.5,&quot;centerForce&quot;:0.3,&quot;linkDistance&quot;:30,&quot;fontSize&quot;:0.6,&quot;opacityScale&quot;:1,&quot;showTags&quot;:true,&quot;removeTags&quot;:[],&quot;focusOnHover&quot;:true}"></div></div></div><div class="toc desktop-only"><button type="button" id="toc" class aria-controls="toc-content" aria-expanded="true"><h3>目录</h3><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="fold"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg></button><div id="toc-content" class><ul class="overflow"><li class="depth-0"><a href="#github-actions" data-for="github-actions">GitHub Actions</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#github-actions-基本概念" data-for="github-actions-基本概念">GitHub Actions 基本概念</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#工作流workflow" data-for="工作流workflow">工作流（Workflow）</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#作业job" data-for="作业job">作业（Job）</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#步骤step" data-for="步骤step">步骤（Step）</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#runner-和执行器runner" data-for="runner-和执行器runner">Runner 和执行器（Runner）</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#github-actions-中-yaml-的具体示例" data-for="github-actions-中-yaml-的具体示例">GitHub Actions 中 YAML 的具体示例</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#github-actions-基础实践" data-for="github-actions-基础实践">GitHub Actions 基础实践</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#创建第一个-github-actions-工作流" data-for="创建第一个-github-actions-工作流">创建第一个 GitHub Actions 工作流</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#使用预定义的-actions" data-for="使用预定义的-actions">使用预定义的 Actions</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#运行基本的-ci-流程" data-for="运行基本的-ci-流程">运行基本的 CI 流程</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#github-actions-进阶操作" data-for="github-actions-进阶操作">GitHub Actions 进阶操作</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#自定义-actions" data-for="自定义-actions">自定义 Actions</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#使用-github-secrets-进行安全管理" data-for="使用-github-secrets-进行安全管理">使用 GitHub Secrets 进行安全管理</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#设置条件化执行和并行作业" data-for="设置条件化执行和并行作业">设置条件化执行和并行作业</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#集成第三方服务如-slackawsazure" data-for="集成第三方服务如-slackawsazure">集成第三方服务（如 Slack、AWS、Azure）</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#github-actions-高级实践" data-for="github-actions-高级实践">GitHub Actions 高级实践</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#持续交付cd流程" data-for="持续交付cd流程">持续交付（CD）流程</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#使用矩阵构建不同环境和配置" data-for="使用矩阵构建不同环境和配置">使用矩阵构建不同环境和配置</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#部署到-kubernetes" data-for="部署到-kubernetes">部署到 Kubernetes</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#性能优化和故障排查" data-for="性能优化和故障排查">性能优化和故障排查</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#github-actions-与其他-cicd-工具的对比" data-for="github-actions-与其他-cicd-工具的对比">GitHub Actions 与其他 CI/CD 工具的对比</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#jenkins" data-for="jenkins">Jenkins</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#travis-ci
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