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<html lang="zh"><head><title>socket 底层网络接口</title><meta charset="utf-8"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=IBM Plex Mono&amp;family=Noto Serif Simplified Chinese:wght@400;700&amp;family=Source Sans Pro:ital,wght@0,400;0,600;1,400;1,600&amp;display=swap"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/><meta property="og:title" content="socket 底层网络接口"/><meta property="og:description" content="socket 底层网络接口."/><meta property="og:image" content="https://wiki.7wate.com/static/og-image.png"/><meta property="og:width" content="1200"/><meta property="og:height" content="675"/><link rel="icon" href="../../../../../static/icon.png"/><meta name="description" content="socket 底层网络接口."/><meta name="generator" content="Quartz"/><link href="../../../../../index.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" spa-preserve/><link href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/KaTeX/0.16.9/katex.min.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" spa-preserve/><script src="../../../../../prescript.js" type="application/javascript" spa-preserve></script><script type="application/javascript" spa-preserve>const fetchData = fetch("../../../../../static/contentIndex.json").then(data => data.json())</script></head><body data-slug="Technology/ProgrammingLanguage/Python/模块/网络处理/socket-底层网络接口"><div id="quartz-root" class="page"><div id="quartz-body"><div class="left sidebar"><h2 class="page-title"><a href="../../../../..">🪴 X·Eden</a></h2><div class="spacer mobile-only"></div><div class="search"><button class="search-button" id="search-button"><p>搜索</p><svg role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 19.9 19.7"><title>Search</title><g class="search-path" fill="none"><path stroke-linecap="square" d="M18.5 18.3l-5.4-5.4"></path><circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7"></circle></g></svg></button><div id="search-container"><div id="search-space"><input autocomplete="off" id="search-bar" name="search" type="text" aria-label="搜索些什么" placeholder="搜索些什么"/><div id="search-layout" data-preview="true"></div></div></div></div><button class="darkmode" id="darkmode"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" id="dayIcon" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 35 35" style="enable-background:new 0 0 35 35" xml:space="preserve" aria-label="暗色模式"><title>暗色模式</title><path d="M6,17.5C6,16.672,5.328,16,4.5,16h-3C0.672,16,0,16.672,0,17.5 S0.672,19,1.5,19h3C5.328,19,6,18.328,6,17.5z M7.5,26c-0.414,0-0.789,0.168-1.061,0.439l-2,2C4.168,28.711,4,29.086,4,29.5 C4,30.328,4.671,31,5.5,31c0.414,0,0.789-0.168,1.06-0.44l2-2C8.832,28.289,9,27.914,9,27.5C9,26.672,8.329,26,7.5,26z M17.5,6 C18.329,6,19,5.328,19,4.5v-3C19,0.672,18.329,0,17.5,0S16,0.672,16,1.5v3C16,5.328,16.671,6,17.5,6z M27.5,9 c0.414,0,0.789-0.168,1.06-0.439l2-2C30.832,6.289,31,5.914,31,5.5C31,4.672,30.329,4,29.5,4c-0.414,0-0.789,0.168-1.061,0.44 l-2,2C26.168,6.711,26,7.086,26,7.5C26,8.328,26.671,9,27.5,9z M6.439,8.561C6.711,8.832,7.086,9,7.5,9C8.328,9,9,8.328,9,7.5 c0-0.414-0.168-0.789-0.439-1.061l-2-2C6.289,4.168,5.914,4,5.5,4C4.672,4,4,4.672,4,5.5c0,0.414,0.168,0.789,0.439,1.06 L6.439,8.561z M33.5,16h-3c-0.828,0-1.5,0.672-1.5,1.5s0.672,1.5,1.5,1.5h3c0.828,0,1.5-0.672,1.5-1.5S34.328,16,33.5,16z M28.561,26.439C28.289,26.168,27.914,26,27.5,26c-0.828,0-1.5,0.672-1.5,1.5c0,0.414,0.168,0.789,0.439,1.06l2,2 C28.711,30.832,29.086,31,29.5,31c0.828,0,1.5-0.672,1.5-1.5c0-0.414-0.168-0.789-0.439-1.061L28.561,26.439z M17.5,29 c-0.829,0-1.5,0.672-1.5,1.5v3c0,0.828,0.671,1.5,1.5,1.5s1.5-0.672,1.5-1.5v-3C19,29.672,18.329,29,17.5,29z M17.5,7 C11.71,7,7,11.71,7,17.5S11.71,28,17.5,28S28,23.29,28,17.5S23.29,7,17.5,7z M17.5,25c-4.136,0-7.5-3.364-7.5-7.5 c0-4.136,3.364-7.5,7.5-7.5c4.136,0,7.5,3.364,7.5,7.5C25,21.636,21.636,25,17.5,25z"></path></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/sv
<p>Socket 是计算机网络中用于实现进程间通信的一种技术。简而言之，它是一个端点，用于发送或接收数据。这些数据可以在同一台计算机上的进程之间，或者在不同计算机上的进程之间进行传输。</p>
<p><code>socket</code> 是 Python 中的一个标准库，它提供了低级的网络通信功能。基于该库，开发者可以实现 TCP、UDP 以及其他类型的网络协议的客户端和服务端程序。</p>
<p><code>socket</code> 库的历史可以追溯到 Unix 操作系统的早期。在 Unix 中，socket 被用作进程间通信 (IPC) 的一种方式。随着互联网的发展，socket 逐渐被应用于网络通信。Python 的 <code>socket</code> 库提供了对这一功能的高级封装，使得开发网络应用变得更为简单。</p>
<h2 id="工作原理">工作原理<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#工作原理" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<p><code>socket</code> 网络通信最常见的模型是客户端 - 服务器模型。客户端是请求服务的实体，而服务器是提供服务的实体。Socket 允许这两个实体进行通信。</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>客户端</strong>: 创建 Socket <span>→</span> 连接到服务器 <span>→</span> 交换数据 <span>→</span> 关闭 Socket</li>
<li><strong>服务器</strong>: 创建 Socket <span>→</span> 绑定到特定地址和端口 <span>→</span> 监听连接 <span>→</span> 接受客户端连接 <span>→</span> 交换数据 <span>→</span> 关闭 Socket</li>
</ul>
<p><code>socket</code> 主要被用于：</p>
<ul>
<li>创建网络服务器和客户端。</li>
<li>实现多种网络协议，如 TCP 和 UDP。</li>
<li>进行低级的网络通信，如发送原始套接字数据。</li>
</ul>
<p>它解决了开发者在进行网络通信时的底层细节问题，如地址转换、数据传输等。</p>
<h3 id="协议类型">协议类型<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#协议类型" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<ul>
<li><strong>流式 Socket (SOCK_STREAM)</strong>: 提供了一个可靠的、面向连接的字节流。这是最常用的 Socket 类型，TCP 协议就是基于这种 Socket。</li>
<li><strong>数据报 Socket (SOCK_DGRAM)</strong>: 提供了一种无连接的、不可靠的数据传输方式。UDP 协议就是基于这种 Socket。</li>
<li><strong>原始 Socket (SOCK_RAW)</strong>: 允许直接访问底层协议，通常用于开发新的通信协议。</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="地址家族">地址家族<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#地址家族" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<ul>
<li><strong>AF_INET (IPv4)</strong>: 最常用的地址家族，用于 Internet 通信。</li>
<li><strong>AF_INET6 (IPv6)</strong>: 下一代 Internet 地址家族。</li>
<li><strong>AF_UNIX</strong>: 用于同一台机器上的进程间通信。</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="生命周期">生命周期<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#生命周期" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<pre><code class="mermaid">graph LR;
A[创建 Socket] --> B[绑定 Socket到地址和端口];
B --> C[开始监听传入的连接];
C --> D[接受连接请求];
D --> E[进行数据传输];
E --> F[关闭 Socket];
</code></pre>
<ol>
<li><strong>创建</strong>: 使用 <code>socket.socket()</code> 创建一个新的 Socket 对象。</li>
<li><strong>绑定</strong>: 使用 <code>bind()</code> 方法将 Socket 绑定到特定的地址和端口。</li>
<li><strong>监听</strong>: 使用 <code>listen()</code> 方法开始监听传入的连接。</li>
<li><strong>接受连接</strong>: 使用 <code>accept()</code> 方法接受一个连接。</li>
<li><strong>数据传输</strong>: 使用 <code>send()</code> 和 <code>recv()</code> 方法进行数据传输。</li>
<li><strong>关闭</strong>: 使用 <code>close()</code> 方法关闭 Socket。</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="基础操作">基础操作<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#基础操作" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<p>由于 <code>socket</code> 是 Python 的标准库，无需额外安装。</p>
<h3 id="支持协议">支持协议<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#支持协议" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p><code>socket</code> 库支持多种协议，用于不同的网络通信场景。</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="python" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="python" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 服务器</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">import</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> socket</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">server_socket </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> socket.socket(socket.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">AF_INET</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, socket.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">SOCK_STREAM</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">server_socket.bind((</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'localhost'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">8080</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">server_socket.listen(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;服务器正在监听...&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">client_socket, addr </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> server_socket.accept()</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">f</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;连接来自 </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">addr</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">data </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> client_socket.recv(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">1024</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">f</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;接收到的数据: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">data.decode(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'utf-8'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">client_socket.send(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;谢谢你!&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">.encode(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'utf-8'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">client_socket.close()</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">server_socket.close()</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="python" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="python" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 客户端</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">import</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> socket</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">client_socket </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> socket.socket(socket.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">AF_INET</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, socket.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">SOCK_STREAM</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">client_socket.connect((</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'localhost'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">8080</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">client_socket.send(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;你好，服务器!&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">.encode(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'utf-8'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">data </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> client_socket.recv(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">1024</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">f</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;接收到的数据: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">data.decode(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'utf-8'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">client_socket.close()</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="tcp-示例">TCP 示例<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#tcp-示例" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<pre><code class="mermaid">graph LR
subgraph TCP服务器
A[创建Socket] --> B[绑定到地址和端口]
B --> C[监听连接请求]
C --> D[接受连接]
D --> E[接收数据]
E --> F[处理数据]
F --> G[发送响应]
G --> E
E --> H[关闭连接]
H --> D
end
subgraph TCP客户端
I[创建Socket] --> J[连接到服务器]
J --> K[发送数据]
K --> L[接收响应]
L --> M[处理响应]
M --> K
K --> N[关闭连接]
end
A --> I
</code></pre>
<h4 id="服务器">服务器<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#服务器" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="python" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="python" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">import</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> socket</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 步骤1：创建 TCP Socket</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">server_socket </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> socket.socket(socket.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">AF_INET</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, socket.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">SOCK_STREAM</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 步骤2：绑定 Socket 到一个特定的 IP 地址和端口</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">server_address </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'localhost'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">12345</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">server_socket.bind(server_address)</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 步骤3：监听传入的连接请求</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">server_socket.listen(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">5</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;TCP 服务器启动，等待连接...&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">while</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> True</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 步骤4：接受客户端的连接请求</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> client_socket, client_address </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> server_socket.accept()</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> print</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">f</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;接受来自 </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">client_address</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 的连接&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 步骤5：与客户端建立通信</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> while</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> True</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> data </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> client_socket.recv(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">1024</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> if</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> not</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> data:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> break</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 步骤6：接收和发送数据</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> data </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> data.decode(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'utf-8'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> print</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">f</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;接收到来自客户端的数据: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">data</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> response </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> f</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;你好，</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h4 id="客户端">客户端<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#客户端" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="python" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="python" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">import</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> socket</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 步骤1：创建 TCP Socket</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">client_socket </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> socket.socket(socket.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">AF_INET</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, socket.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">SOCK_STREAM</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 步骤2：连接到服务器的 IP 地址和端口</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">server_address </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'localhost'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">12345</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">client_socket.connect(server_address)</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">while</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> True</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 步骤3：发送数据给服务器</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> message </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> input</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;请输入要发送的消息 (输入 'exit' 退出): &quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> if</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> message </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">==</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 'exit'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> break</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> client_socket.send(message.encode(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'utf-8'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">))</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 步骤4：接收来自服务器的响应数据</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> data </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> client_socket.recv(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">1024</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 步骤5：处理服务器的响应数据</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> data </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> data.decode(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'utf-8'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> print</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">f</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;接收到服务器的响应: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">data</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 步骤6：关闭与服务器的连接</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">client_socket.close()</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="udp-示例">UDP 示例<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#udp-示例" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<pre><code class="mermaid">graph LR
subgraph UDP服务器
A[创建Socket] --> B[绑定到地址和端口]
B --> C[接收数据]
C --> D[处理数据]
D --> E[发送响应]
E --> C
end
subgraph UDP客户端
F[创建Socket] --> G[发送数据]
G --> H[接收响应]
H --> I[处理响应]
I --> G
end
A --> F
</code></pre>
<h4 id="服务端">服务端<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#服务端" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="python" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="python" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">import</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> socket</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 步骤1：创建 UDP Socket</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">server_socket </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> socket.socket(socket.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">AF_INET</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, socket.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">SOCK_DGRAM</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 步骤2：绑定 Socket 到一个特定的 IP 地址和端口</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">server_address </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'localhost'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">12345</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">server_socket.bind(server_address)</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;UDP 服务器启动，等待数据...&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">while</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> True</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 步骤3：接收客户端发送的数据</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> data, client_address </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> server_socket.recvfrom(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">1024</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 步骤4：处理客户端数据</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> data </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> data.decode(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'utf-8'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> print</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">f</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;接收到来自 </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">client_address</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 的数据: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">data</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 步骤5：为客户端发送响应（如果需要）</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> response </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> f</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;你好，客户端！你发送了：</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">data</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> server_socket.sendto(response.encode(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'utf-8'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">), client_address)</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 步骤6：关闭 Socket（这里永远不会执行到）</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">server_socket.close()</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h4 id="客户端-1">客户端<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#客户端-1" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="python" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="python" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">import</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> socket</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 步骤1：创建 UDP Socket</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">client_socket </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> socket.socket(socket.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">AF_INET</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, socket.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">SOCK_DGRAM</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 服务器地址和端口</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">server_address </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'localhost'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">12345</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">while</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> True</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 步骤2：发送数据给服务器</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> message </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> input</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;请输入要发送的消息 (输入 'exit' 退出): &quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> if</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> message </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">==</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> 'exit'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> break</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> client_socket.sendto(message.encode(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'utf-8'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">), server_address)</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 步骤3：接收来自服务器的响应数据</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> data, server_address </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> client_socket.recvfrom(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">1024</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> </span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"> # 步骤4：处理服务器的响应数据</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> data </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> data.decode(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'utf-8'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> print</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">f</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;接收到服务器的响应: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">data</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 步骤5：关闭 Socket</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">client_socket.close()</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="常用方法">常用方法<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#常用方法" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<div class="table-container"><table><thead><tr><th>方法</th><th>描述</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>socket()</td><td>创建一个新的 socket</td></tr><tr><td>bind()</td><td>绑定到一个地址和端口</td></tr><tr><td>listen()</td><td>开始监听连接</td></tr><tr><td>accept()</td><td>接受一个新的连接</td></tr><tr><td>connect()</td><td>连接到一个服务器</td></tr><tr><td>send()</td><td>发送数据</td></tr><tr><td>recv()</td><td>接收数据</td></tr><tr><td>close()</td><td>关闭 socket</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<h2 id="深入探索">深入探索<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#深入探索" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<h3 id="高级功能">高级功能<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#高级功能" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<h4 id="非阻塞-sockets">非阻塞 Sockets<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#非阻塞-sockets" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="python" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="python" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">import</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> socket</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">s </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> socket.socket(socket.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">AF_INET</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, socket.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">SOCK_STREAM</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">s.setblocking(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">False</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h4 id="套接字选项">套接字选项<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#套接字选项" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="python" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="python" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">s.setsockopt(socket.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">SOL_SOCKET</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, socket.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">SO_REUSEADDR</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">1</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h4 id="超时">超时<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#超时" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="python" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="python" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">s.settimeout(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">5.0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre></figure></article><hr/><div class="page-footer"></div></div><div class="right sidebar"><div class="graph"><h3>关系图谱</h3><div class="graph-outer"><div id="graph-container" data-cfg="{&quot;drag&quot;:true,&quot;zoom&quot;:true,&quot;depth&quot;:1,&quot;scale&quot;:1.1,&quot;repelForce&quot;:0.5,&quot;centerForce&quot;:0.3,&quot;linkDistance&quot;:30,&quot;fontSize&quot;:0.6,&quot;opacityScale&quot;:1,&quot;showTags&quot;:true,&quot;removeTags&quot;:[],&quot;focusOnHover&quot;:false}"></div><button id="global-graph-icon" aria-label="Global Graph"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 55 55" fill="currentColor" xml:space="preserve"><path d="M49,0c-3.309,0-6,2.691-6,6c0,1.035,0.263,2.009,0.726,2.86l-9.829,9.829C32.542,17.634,30.846,17,29,17
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s-2-0.897-2-2s0.897-2,2-2S47,39.897,47,41z M49,10c-2.206,0-4-1.794-4-4s1.794-4,4-4s4,1.794,4,4S51.206,10,49,10z"></path></svg></button></div><div id="global-graph-outer"><div id="global-graph-container" data-cfg="{&quot;drag&quot;:true,&quot;zoom&quot;:true,&quot;depth&quot;:-1,&quot;scale&quot;:0.9,&quot;repelForce&quot;:0.5,&quot;centerForce&quot;:0.3,&quot;linkDistance&quot;:30,&quot;fontSize&quot;:0.6,&quot;opacityScale&quot;:1,&quot;showTags&quot;:true,&quot;removeTags&quot;:[],&quot;focusOnHover&quot;:true}"></div></div></div><div class="toc desktop-only"><button type="button" id="toc" class aria-controls="toc-content" aria-expanded="true"><h3>目录</h3><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="fold"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg></button><div id="toc-content" class><ul class="overflow"><li class="depth-0"><a href="#概述" data-for="概述">概述</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#工作原理" data-for="工作原理">工作原理</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#协议类型" data-for="协议类型">协议类型</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#地址家族" data-for="地址家族">地址家族</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#生命周期" data-for="生命周期">生命周期</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#基础操作" data-for="基础操作">基础操作</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#支持协议" data-for="支持协议">支持协议</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#tcp-示例" data-for="tcp-示例">TCP 示例</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#udp-示例" data-for="udp-示例">UDP 示例</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#常用方法" data-for="常用方法">常用方法</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#深入探索" data-for="深入探索">深入探索</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#高级功能" data-for="高级功能">高级功能</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="explorer mobile-only"><button type="button" id="explorer" data-behavior="collapse" data-collapsed="collapsed" data-savestate="true" data-tree="[{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Blog&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Blog/2018&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Blog/2020&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Blog/2021&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Blog/2022&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Blog/2023&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Blog/2024&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Book&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Book/个人成长&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Book/医学健康&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Book/历史&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Book/哲学宗教&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Book/心理&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Book/政治军事&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Book/教育学习&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Book/文学&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Book/生活百科&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Book/社会文化&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Book/科学技术&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Book/经济理财&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Book/艺术&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Book/计算机&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Personal/Journal&quot;,&quot;collaps
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