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<html lang="zh"><head><title>json 编码和解码器</title><meta charset="utf-8"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=IBM Plex Mono&family=Noto Serif Simplified Chinese:wght@400;700&family=Source Sans Pro:ital,wght@0,400;0,600;1,400;1,600&display=swap"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/><meta property="og:title" content="json 编码和解码器"/><meta property="og:description" content="python 内置标准库 json 编码和解码器."/><meta property="og:image" content="https://wiki.7wate.com/static/og-image.png"/><meta property="og:width" content="1200"/><meta property="og:height" content="675"/><link rel="icon" href="../../../../../static/icon.png"/><meta name="description" content="python 内置标准库 json 编码和解码器."/><meta name="generator" content="Quartz"/><link href="../../../../../index.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" spa-preserve/><link href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/KaTeX/0.16.9/katex.min.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" spa-preserve/><script src="../../../../../prescript.js" type="application/javascript" spa-preserve></script><script type="application/javascript" spa-preserve>const fetchData = fetch("../../../../../static/contentIndex.json").then(data => data.json())</script></head><body data-slug="Technology/ProgrammingLanguage/Python/模块/数据处理/json-编码和解码器"><div id="quartz-root" class="page"><div id="quartz-body"><div class="left sidebar"><h2 class="page-title"><a href="../../../../..">🪴 X·Eden</a></h2><div class="spacer mobile-only"></div><div class="search"><button class="search-button" id="search-button"><p>搜索</p><svg role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 19.9 19.7"><title>Search</title><g class="search-path" fill="none"><path stroke-linecap="square" d="M18.5 18.3l-5.4-5.4"></path><circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7"></circle></g></svg></button><div id="search-container"><div id="search-space"><input autocomplete="off" id="search-bar" name="search" type="text" aria-label="搜索些什么" placeholder="搜索些什么"/><div id="search-layout" data-preview="true"></div></div></div></div><button class="darkmode" id="darkmode"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" id="dayIcon" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 35 35" style="enable-background:new 0 0 35 35" xml:space="preserve" aria-label="暗色模式"><title>暗色模式</title><path d="M6,17.5C6,16.672,5.328,16,4.5,16h-3C0.672,16,0,16.672,0,17.5 S0.672,19,1.5,19h3C5.328,19,6,18.328,6,17.5z M7.5,26c-0.414,0-0.789,0.168-1.061,0.439l-2,2C4.168,28.711,4,29.086,4,29.5 C4,30.328,4.671,31,5.5,31c0.414,0,0.789-0.168,1.06-0.44l2-2C8.832,28.289,9,27.914,9,27.5C9,26.672,8.329,26,7.5,26z M17.5,6 C18.329,6,19,5.328,19,4.5v-3C19,0.672,18.329,0,17.5,0S16,0.672,16,1.5v3C16,5.328,16.671,6,17.5,6z M27.5,9 c0.414,0,0.789-0.168,1.06-0.439l2-2C30.832,6.289,31,5.914,31,5.5C31,4.672,30.329,4,29.5,4c-0.414,0-0.789,0.168-1.061,0.44 l-2,2C26.168,6.711,26,7.086,26,7.5C26,8.328,26.671,9,27.5,9z M6.439,8.561C6.711,8.832,7.086,9,7.5,9C8.328,9,9,8.328,9,7.5 c0-0.414-0.168-0.789-0.439-1.061l-2-2C6.289,4.168,5.914,4,5.5,4C4.672,4,4,4.672,4,5.5c0,0.414,0.168,0.789,0.439,1.06 L6.439,8.561z M33.5,16h-3c-0.828,0-1.5,0.672-1.5,1.5s0.672,1.5,1.5,1.5h3c0.828,0,1.5-0.672,1.5-1.5S34.328,16,33.5,16z M28.561,26.439C28.289,26.168,27.914,26,27.5,26c-0.828,0-1.5,0.672-1.5,1.5c0,0.414,0.168,0.789,0.439,1.06l2,2 C28.711,30.832,29.086,31,29.5,31c0.828,0,1.5-0.672,1.5-1.5c0-0.414-0.168-0.789-0.439-1.061L28.561,26.439z M17.5,29 c-0.829,0-1.5,0.672-1.5,1.5v3c0,0.828,0.671,1.5,1.5,1.5s1.5-0.672,1.5-1.5v-3C19,29.672,18.329,29,17.5,29z M17.5,7 C11.71,7,7,11.71,7,17.5S11.71,28,17.5,28S28,23.29,28,17.5S23.29,7,17.5,7z M17.5,25c-4.136,0-7.5-3.364-7.5-7.5 c0-4.136,3.364-7.5,7.5-7.5c4.136,0,7.5,3.364,7.5,7.5C25,21.636,21.636,25,17.5,25z"></path></svg><
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<p>JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) 是一种轻量级的数据交换格式，它基于 JavaScript 的一个子集。数据格式简洁和明了，具有易于读写的特性，常用于数据的存储和网络数据的交换。</p>
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<h3 id="基本数据类型">基本数据类型<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#基本数据类型" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
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<p>JSON 支持以下数据类型：</p>
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<ul>
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<li>数字（整数或浮点数）</li>
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<li>字符串（在双引号中）</li>
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<li>布尔值（true 或 false）</li>
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<li>数组（在方括号中）</li>
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<li>对象（在大括号中）</li>
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<li>null</li>
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</ul>
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<p>一个简单的 JSON 对象示例：</p>
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<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="json" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="json" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">{</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> "name"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"John"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> "age"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">30</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> "is_student"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">false</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> "cars"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: [</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"Ford"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"BMW"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"Fiat"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">],</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> "pets"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">null</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span></code></pre></figure>
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<h3 id="json-使用场景">JSON 使用场景<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#json-使用场景" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
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<p>JSON 的主要用途是在服务器和 web 应用之间传输数据。由于其简洁明了的特性，JSON 也被广泛用于配置文件、数据存储等场景。</p>
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<h3 id="json-与-xml-的比较">JSON 与 XML 的比较<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#json-与-xml-的比较" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
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<p>JSON 和 XML 都是数据存储和传输的格式。与 XML 相比，JSON 更小、更快、更易解析。JSON 是语言无关的，它支持的数据结构在所有现代编程语言中都有对应的类型。而 XML 则更多地被用于文档的存储和传输。</p>
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<h2 id="python-对-json-的支持">Python 对 JSON 的支持<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#python-对-json-的支持" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
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<p>Python 标准库中的 <code>json</code> 模块提供了 JSON 数据的编码和解码功能。它可以将 Python 对象转换为 JSON 字符串，也可以将 JSON 字符串解码为 Python 对象。</p>
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<h3 id="json-模块的主要函数和对象">Json 模块的主要函数和对象<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#json-模块的主要函数和对象" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
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<p><code>json</code> 模块的主要函数包括：</p>
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<ul>
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<li><code>json.dumps()</code>：将 Python 对象编码成 JSON 字符串。</li>
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<li><code>json.loads()</code>：将 JSON 字符串解码为 Python 对象。</li>
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<li><code>json.dump()</code>：将 Python 对象编码成 JSON 字符串并写入文件。</li>
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<li><code>json.load()</code>：读取文件中的 JSON 字符串并解码为 Python 对象。</li>
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</ul>
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<p><code>json</code> 模块的主要对象包括：</p>
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<ul>
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<li><code>json.JSONEncoder</code>：用于自定义编码。</li>
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<li><code>json.JSONDecoder</code>：用于自定义解码。</li>
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</ul>
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<h2 id="json-编码">JSON 编码<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#json-编码" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
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<p>将 Python 对象转换为 JSON 格式。</p>
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<h3 id="jsondumps-函数">json.dumps() 函数<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#jsondumps-函数" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
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<p><strong>将 Python 对象编码成 JSON 字符串。</strong></p>
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<p><code>json.dumps()</code> 函数接受一个 Python 对象，并返回一个 JSON 格式的字符串。例如：</p>
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<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="python" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="python" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">import</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> json</span></span>
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<span data-line> </span>
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<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">person </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> "name"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"John"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> "age"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">30</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> "is_student"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">False</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> "cars"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: [</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"Ford"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"BMW"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"Fiat"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">],</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> "pets"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">None</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
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<span data-line> </span>
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<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">person_json </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> json.dumps(person)</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(person_json)</span></span></code></pre></figure>
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<h3 id="jsondump-函数">json.dump() 函数<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#jsondump-函数" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
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<p><strong>将 Python 对象编码成 JSON 字符串并写入文件。</strong></p>
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<p><code>json.dump()</code> 函数与 <code>json.dumps()</code> 功能相同，但它不返回结果，而是直接将 JSON 字符串写入一个文件对象。例如：</p>
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<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="python" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="python" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">import</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> json</span></span>
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<span data-line> </span>
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<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">person </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> {</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> "name"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"John"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> "age"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">30</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> "is_student"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">False</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">,</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> "cars"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: [</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"Ford"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"BMW"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"Fiat"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">],</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> "pets"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">None</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">}</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">with</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> open</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'person.json'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'w'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">as</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> f:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> json.dump(person, f)</span></span></code></pre></figure>
|
|||
|
|
<h2 id="json-解码">JSON 解码<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#json-解码" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
|
|||
|
|
<p>将 JSON 格式转换为 Python 对象。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<h3 id="jsonloads-函数">json.loads() 函数<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#jsonloads-函数" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>将 JSON 字符串解码为 Python 对象。</strong></p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><code>json.loads()</code> 函数接受一个 JSON 格式的字符串，并返回一个 Python 对象。例如：</p>
|
|||
|
|
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="python" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="python" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">import</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> json</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">person_json </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> '{"name": "John", "age": 30, "is_student": false, "cars": ["Ford", "BMW", "Fiat"], "pets": null}'</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">person </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> json.loads(person_json)</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(person)</span></span></code></pre></figure>
|
|||
|
|
<h3 id="jsonload-函数">json.load() 函数<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#jsonload-函数" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>读取文件中的 JSON 字符串并解码为 Python 对象。</strong></p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><code>json.load()</code> 函数与 <code>json.loads()</code> 功能相同，但它读取一个文件对象中的 JSON 字符串，而不是直接解码字符串。例如：</p>
|
|||
|
|
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="python" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="python" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">import</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> json</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">with</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> open</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'person.json'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">'r'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">) </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">as</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> f:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> person </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> json.load(f)</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">print</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(person)</span></span></code></pre></figure>
|
|||
|
|
<h2 id="自定义-json-编码和解码">自定义 JSON 编码和解码<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#自定义-json-编码和解码" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
|
|||
|
|
<h3 id="jsonjsonencoder-类进行自定义编码">json.JSONEncoder 类进行自定义编码<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#jsonjsonencoder-类进行自定义编码" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
|
|||
|
|
<p>如果你想对默认行为进行更多的控制，例如改变日期时间的格式，你可以自定义 <code>json.JSONEncoder</code> 类。例如：</p>
|
|||
|
|
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="python" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="python" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">import</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> json</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">from</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> datetime </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">import</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> datetime</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">class</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> DateTimeEncoder</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">json</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">JSONEncoder</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> def</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> default</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(self, o):</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> if</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> isinstance</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(o, datetime):</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> o.isoformat()</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> super</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">().default(o)</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">now </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> datetime.now()</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">json.dumps(now, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;">cls</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">DateTimeEncoder)</span></span></code></pre></figure>
|
|||
|
|
<h3 id="jsonjsondecoder-类进行自定义解码">json.JSONDecoder 类进行自定义解码<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#jsonjsondecoder-类进行自定义解码" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
|
|||
|
|
<p>同样，你可以自定义 <code>json.JSONDecoder</code> 类来对 JSON 字符串进行特殊的解码。例如，你可以解析特定的日期时间格式：</p>
|
|||
|
|
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="python" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="python" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">import</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> json</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">from</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> datetime </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">import</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> datetime</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">class</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> DateTimeDecoder</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">json</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">JSONDecoder</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> def</span><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;"> object_hook</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(self, dict_):</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> for</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> key, value </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">in</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> dict_.items():</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> try</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> dict_[key] </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> datetime.strptime(value, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"%Y-%m-</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">%d</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">T%H:%M:%S"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> except</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> (</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">TypeError</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">ValueError</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">):</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> pass</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> return</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> dict_</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line> </span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">json_string </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> '{"name": "John", "birthday": "2000-01-01T00:00:00"}'</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">json.loads(json_string, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;">cls</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">DateTimeDecoder)</span></span></code></pre></figure>
|
|||
|
|
<h2 id="处理复杂的-json-数据">处理复杂的 JSON 数据<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#处理复杂的-json-数据" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
|
|||
|
|
<h3 id="使用嵌套的数据结构处理复杂的-json-数据">使用嵌套的数据结构处理复杂的 JSON 数据<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#使用嵌套的数据结构处理复杂的-json-数据" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
|
|||
|
|
<p>JSON 可以表示复杂的嵌套数据结构，包括嵌套的对象和数组。你可以使用 Python 的字典、列表、元组等数据结构来处理这些复杂的 JSON 数据。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<h3 id="如何处理-json-数据中的日期和时间">如何处理 JSON 数据中的日期和时间<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#如何处理-json-数据中的日期和时间" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
|
|||
|
|
<p>JSON 格式本身并不支持日期和时间类型，一般以字符串形式表示。你可以在编码和解码时使用自定义的 <code>json.JSONEncoder</code> 和 <code>json.JSONDecoder</code> 类来处理日期和时间。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<h3 id="如何处理-json-数据中的自定义对象">如何处理 JSON 数据中的自定义对象<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#如何处理-json-数据中的自定义对象" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
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<p>你可以重写 <code>json.JSONEncoder</code> 的 <code>default()</code> 方法和 <code>json.JSONDecoder</code> 的 <code>object_hook()</code> 方法来处理自定义对象。</p>
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<h2 id="错误和异常处理">错误和异常处理<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#错误和异常处理" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
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<p>在使用 <code>json</code> 模块时，你可能会遇到以下几种错误和异常：</p>
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<ul>
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<li><code>json.JSONDecodeError</code>：在解码 JSON 数据时发生的错误。</li>
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<li><code>TypeError</code>：当你试图将不可序列化的对象（如函数）编码为 JSON 时，<code>json.dumps()</code> 和 <code>json.dump()</code> 会抛出这个错误。</li>
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</ul>
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<h3 id="处理错误和异常">处理错误和异常<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#处理错误和异常" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
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<p>你可以使用 Python 的异常处理机制来处理这些错误和异常，例如：</p>
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<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="python" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="python" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">import</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> json</span></span>
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<span data-line> </span>
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<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">try</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">:</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> person_json </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> '{"name": "John", "age": 30, "is_student": false, "cars": ["Ford", "BMW", "Fiat"], "pets": null,'</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> person </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> json.loads(person_json)</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">except</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> json.JSONDecodeError </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">as</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> e:</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> print</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">f</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"Invalid JSON: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">e</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">except</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> TypeError</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;"> as</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> e:</span></span>
|
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<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> print</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">f</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"Type Error: </span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">{</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">e</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;">}</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">)</span></span></code></pre></figure></article><hr/><div class="page-footer"></div></div><div class="right sidebar"><div class="graph"><h3>关系图谱</h3><div class="graph-outer"><div id="graph-container" data-cfg="{"drag":true,"zoom":true,"depth":1,"scale":1.1,"repelForce":0.5,"centerForce":0.3,"linkDistance":30,"fontSize":0.6,"opacityScale":1,"showTags":true,"removeTags":[],"focusOnHover":false}"></div><button id="global-graph-icon" aria-label="Global Graph"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 55 55" fill="currentColor" xml:space="preserve"><path d="M49,0c-3.309,0-6,2.691-6,6c0,1.035,0.263,2.009,0.726,2.86l-9.829,9.829C32.542,17.634,30.846,17,29,17
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s-2-0.897-2-2s0.897-2,2-2S47,39.897,47,41z M49,10c-2.206,0-4-1.794-4-4s1.794-4,4-4s4,1.794,4,4S51.206,10,49,10z"></path></svg></button></div><div id="global-graph-outer"><div id="global-graph-container" data-cfg="{"drag":true,"zoom":true,"depth":-1,"scale":0.9,"repelForce":0.5,"centerForce":0.3,"linkDistance":30,"fontSize":0.6,"opacityScale":1,"showTags":true,"removeTags":[],"focusOnHover":true}"></div></div></div><div class="toc desktop-only"><button type="button" id="toc" class aria-controls="toc-content" aria-expanded="true"><h3>目录</h3><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="fold"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg></button><div id="toc-content" class><ul class="overflow"><li class="depth-0"><a href="#json-是什么" data-for="json-是什么">JSON 是什么</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#基本数据类型" data-for="基本数据类型">基本数据类型</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#json-使用场景" data-for="json-使用场景">JSON 使用场景</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#json-与-xml-的比较" data-for="json-与-xml-的比较">JSON 与 XML 的比较</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#python-对-json-的支持" data-for="python-对-json-的支持">Python 对 JSON 的支持</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#json-模块的主要函数和对象" data-for="json-模块的主要函数和对象">Json 模块的主要函数和对象</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#json-编码" data-for="json-编码">JSON 编码</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#jsondumps-函数" data-for="jsondumps-函数">json.dumps() 函数</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#jsondump-函数" data-for="jsondump-函数">json.dump() 函数</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#json-解码" data-for="json-解码">JSON 解码</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#jsonloads-函数" data-for="jsonloads-函数">json.loads() 函数</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#jsonload-函数" data-for="jsonload-函数">json.load() 函数</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#自定义-json-编码和解码" data-for="自定义-json-编码和解码">自定义 JSON 编码和解码</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#jsonjsonencoder-类进行自定义编码" data-for="jsonjsonencoder-类进行自定义编码">json.JSONEncoder 类进行自定义编码</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#jsonjsondecoder-类进行自定义解码" data-for="jsonjsondecoder-类进行自定义解码">json.JSONDecoder 类进行自定义解码</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#处理复杂的-json-数据" data-for="处理复杂的-json-数据">处理复杂的 JSON 数据</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#使用嵌套的数据结构处理复杂的-json-数据" data-for="使用嵌套的数据结构处理复杂的-json-数据">使用嵌套的数据结构处理复杂的 JSON 数据</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#如何处理-json-数据中的日期和时间" data-for="如何处理-json-数据中的日期和时间">如何处理 JSON 数据中的日期和时间</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#如何处理-json-数据中的自定义对象" data-for="如何处理-json-数据中的自定义对象">如何处理 JSON 数据中的自定义对象</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#错误和异常处理" data-for="错误和异常处理">错误和异常处理</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#处理错误和异常" data-for="处理错误和异常">处理错误和异常</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="explorer mobile-only"><button type="button" id="explorer" data-behavior="collapse" data-collapsed="collapsed" data-savestate="true" data-tree="[{"path":"Personal","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2018","
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