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426 KiB
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<p><strong>操作系统镜像(Operating System Image)是操作系统及其配置、软件包和文件系统结构的一个完整副本,可以用于在计算设备上安装和部署操作系统</strong>。镜像通常以文件的形式存在,可以被烧录到光盘、U 盘或硬盘中,也可以直接用于虚拟化和云环境的部署。</p>
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<h3 id="作用和用途">作用和用途<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#作用和用途" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>快速部署</strong>:镜像可以用来快速部署操作系统,不需要从头安装和配置每个软件包,节省时间和精力。</li>
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<li><strong>一致性</strong>:使用相同的镜像可以确保不同设备上的操作系统环境一致,有助于维护和管理。</li>
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<li><strong>备份和恢复</strong>:镜像可以用作系统备份,确保在系统故障时能够快速恢复到正常状态。</li>
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<li><strong>定制化</strong>:可以创建定制的镜像,包含特定的应用程序和配置,满足特定需求。</li>
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<li><strong>分发和分发</strong>:操作系统镜像可以用来分发操作系统,使得用户能够方便地安装和使用。</li>
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</ul>
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<h3 id="镜像的历史和发展">镜像的历史和发展<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#镜像的历史和发展" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>早期阶段</strong>:在计算机的早期阶段,操作系统的安装通常依赖于软盘和磁带。操作系统镜像的概念尚未广泛应用,用户需要手动安装和配置操作系统。</li>
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<li><strong>光盘时代</strong>:随着 CD 和 DVD 的普及,操作系统开始以光盘镜像的形式发布。用户可以通过引导光盘安装操作系统,这简化了安装过程。</li>
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<li><strong>虚拟化和云计算的兴起</strong>:随着虚拟化技术的发展,操作系统镜像开始被用于虚拟机的创建和管理。云计算的兴起进一步推动了镜像技术的发展,云服务提供商开始提供优化的操作系统镜像,便于用户在云环境中快速部署和扩展。</li>
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</ul>
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<h3 id="各类镜像的演变">各类镜像的演变<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#各类镜像的演变" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>基本镜像</strong>:最早期的镜像类型,通常用于本地和虚拟机安装。包含最小化的操作系统组件和核心工具。</li>
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<li><strong>现场救援镜像(Live Image)</strong>:可以从可移动介质启动,不需要安装即可运行操作系统。用于系统故障修复和数据恢复。</li>
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<li><strong>云服务镜像</strong>:专为云环境优化和定制的镜像,预装了云提供商的特定工具和驱动,提升了在云环境中的性能和兼容性。</li>
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<li><strong>容器镜像</strong>:用于容器化技术的轻量级操作系统镜像,包含运行应用所需的最低限度的操作系统组件,支持跨不同环境的一致运行。</li>
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<li><strong>定制镜像</strong>:根据特定需求或应用场景定制的镜像,包含特定应用、配置和优化,适用于特定业务需求。</li>
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<li><strong>物理服务器镜像</strong>:专为物理服务器优化的镜像,包含特定的驱动和固件,优化系统性能和可靠性。</li>
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<li><strong>虚拟化镜像</strong>:专为虚拟化平台优化的镜像,包含虚拟化平台的驱动和工具,提升虚拟机的运行效率和管理便捷性。</li>
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</ul>
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<h2 id="基本镜像">基本镜像<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#基本镜像" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
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<p>基本镜像(Base Image)是操作系统及其最小必要组件的完整副本,通常用于本地安装、虚拟机创建或作为其他镜像的基础。它包含操作系统的核心功能、基本工具和库,但不包括特定的应用软件和服务。</p>
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<h3 id="典型特点">典型特点<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#典型特点" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>最小化</strong>:只包含操作系统的核心组件和基础工具,提供一个精简的环境。</li>
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<li><strong>通用性</strong>:适用于多种硬件和虚拟化平台,不针对特定的硬件或云环境进行优化。</li>
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<li><strong>稳定性</strong>:通常选择稳定版本,经过充分测试,确保在各种环境下运行稳定。</li>
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<li><strong>可扩展性</strong>:用户可以根据需要添加额外的软件包和配置,进行定制和扩展。</li>
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</ul>
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<h2 id="容器镜像">容器镜像<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#容器镜像" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
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<p>**容器镜像(Container Image)是一个包含应用程序及其所有依赖环境的只读模板,用于创建容器。**镜像由多个层组成,每一层代表镜像的一个版本。</p>
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<h3 id="典型特点-1">典型特点<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#典型特点-1" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>不可变性</strong>:镜像一旦创建就不会改变,确保了应用环境的一致性。</li>
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<li><strong>分层存储</strong>:镜像由多个层组成,每一层可以复用,减少存储空间和提高构建效率。</li>
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<li><strong>便携性</strong>:镜像可以在任何支持容器的平台上运行,实现真正的“构建一次,运行到处”。</li>
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<li><strong>快速部署</strong>:镜像可以快速启动,极大地缩短应用的部署时间。</li>
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</ul>
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<h2 id="定制镜像">定制镜像<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#定制镜像" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
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<p>**定制镜像(Custom Image)是根据特定需求或应用场景创建的操作系统镜像。**与标准镜像相比,定制镜像包含了特定的软件包、配置和优化,旨在满足特定业务或应用的需求。</p>
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<h3 id="应用场景">应用场景<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#应用场景" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>企业部署</strong>:企业可以创建包含预先配置的应用和服务的定制镜像,以快速部署一致的工作环境。</li>
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<li><strong>开发和测试</strong>:开发团队可以创建包含所有开发工具和依赖的定制镜像,确保开发环境和生产环境的一致性。</li>
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<li><strong>自动化部署</strong>:在 CI/CD 流水线中使用定制镜像,确保每次部署都基于相同的环境,提高部署的可靠性和速度。</li>
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<li><strong>安全和合规</strong>:创建包含安全补丁和配置的定制镜像,确保部署的系统符合安全和合规要求。</li>
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</ul>
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<h2 id="虚拟化镜像">虚拟化镜像<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#虚拟化镜像" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
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<p>**虚拟化镜像(Virtual Machine Image)是用于创建和运行虚拟机的操作系统镜像,**包含操作系统及其配置、驱动程序和预安装的应用程序。虚拟化镜像可在虚拟化平台上运行,为虚拟机提供基础环境。</p>
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<h3 id="典型特点-2">典型特点<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#典型特点-2" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>硬件抽象</strong>:虚拟化镜像与底层硬件解耦,可以在不同的物理硬件上运行。</li>
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<li><strong>快照和克隆</strong>:支持快照和克隆功能,可以快速创建和恢复虚拟机状态。</li>
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<li><strong>资源管理</strong>:可以灵活分配和调整 CPU、内存、存储和网络资源,提高资源利用率。</li>
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<li><strong>高可用性</strong>:支持高可用性和灾难恢复功能,确保虚拟机的持续运行。</li>
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</ul>
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<h2 id="云服务镜像">云服务镜像<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#云服务镜像" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
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<p>**云服务镜像(Cloud Service Image)是专为云计算环境设计和优化的操作系统镜像。**它们通常由云服务提供商(如 AWS、Google Cloud、Azure 等)预配置和发布,包含操作系统、必要的驱动程序和云服务的特定工具,以便在云环境中高效运行。</p>
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<h3 id="典型特点-3">典型特点<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#典型特点-3" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>预配置工具</strong>:内置云服务提供商的管理工具和驱动程序(如 AWS CLI、GCP SDK 等),方便用户与云服务的集成和管理。</li>
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<li><strong>优化</strong>:针对云平台的硬件和网络环境进行优化,提高性能和兼容性。</li>
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<li><strong>自动扩展</strong>:支持云环境中的自动扩展和缩减功能,适应动态负载需求。</li>
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<li><strong>安全性</strong>:内置安全优化和补丁管理,确保镜像在云环境中的安全性。</li>
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<li><strong>高可用性</strong>:设计为在分布式和冗余的云架构中高效运行,提供高可用性和故障恢复能力。</li>
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</ul>
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<h2 id="物理服务器镜像">物理服务器镜像<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#物理服务器镜像" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
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<p>**物理服务器镜像(Physical Server Image)是专为部署在物理服务器上的操作系统镜像。**它包含了操作系统及其配置、必要的驱动程序和预安装的应用程序,通常用于在企业数据中心或高性能计算环境中部署和管理物理服务器。</p>
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<h3 id="典型特点-4">典型特点<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#典型特点-4" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>硬件优化</strong>:包含针对特定硬件平台(如特定的 CPU、存储设备、网络接口等)优化的驱动程序和配置。</li>
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<li><strong>高性能</strong>:通过优化 I/O 性能、内存管理和网络配置,最大化物理服务器的性能。</li>
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<li><strong>高可用性</strong>:设计为在高可靠性和高可用性要求的环境中运行,包含冗余配置和故障恢复机制。</li>
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<li><strong>可定制性</strong>:可以根据特定需求预装应用程序和服务,满足业务需求。</li>
|
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</ul>
|
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<h2 id="不同类型镜像的对比">不同类型镜像的对比<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#不同类型镜像的对比" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
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<table><thead><tr><th>特性</th><th>基本镜像</th><th>容器镜像</th><th>定制镜像</th><th>虚拟化镜像</th><th>云服务镜像</th><th>物理服务器镜像</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>定义</strong></td><td>最小化操作系统镜像</td><td>容器化应用镜像</td><td>根据特定需求创建的操作系统镜像</td><td>创建和运行虚拟机的操作系统镜像</td><td>云环境优化操作系统镜像</td><td>部署在物理服务器上的镜像</td></tr><tr><td><strong>特点</strong></td><td>最小化、通用性、可扩展性</td><td>轻量化、不可变性、分层存储、便携性</td><td>高度定制化、优化、维护</td><td>硬件抽象、快照和克隆、资源管理、高可用性</td><td>预配置工具、优化、自动扩展、安全性</td><td>硬件优化、高性能、高可用性</td></tr><tr><td><strong>使用场景</strong></td><td><strong>本地安装、虚拟机环境</strong></td><td><strong>容器化应用、微服务架构</strong></td><td><strong>企业部署、开发和测试、自动化部署</strong></td><td><strong>虚拟化平台、资源管理</strong></td><td><strong>云计算环境、自动扩展</strong></td><td><strong>企业数据中心、高性能计算环境</strong></td></tr><tr><td><strong>维护</strong></td><td>通常由社区或发行商维护</td><td>用户自行维护和更新</td><td>需要自行维护和更新</td><td>虚拟化平台提供支持和管理</td><td>由云服务提供商和用户共同维护</td><td>企业内部维护</td></tr><tr><td><strong>性能</strong></td><td>适中</td><td>轻量级高性能</td><td>优化后的高性能</td><td>适中</td><td>优化后的性能</td><td>高性能</td></tr><tr><td><strong>安全性</strong></td><td>需要自行配置和管理</td><td>需要自行管理和扫描</td><td>定制的安全配置和优化</td><td>依赖虚拟化平台的安全功能</td><td>内置安全优化和补丁管理</td><td>高安全性配置</td></tr><tr><td><strong>可移植性</strong></td><td>高</td><td>高</td><td>中</td><td>高</td><td>云平台内可移植</td><td>低</td></tr></tbody></table>
|
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<h2 id="使用场景评分参照表">使用场景评分参照表<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#使用场景评分参照表" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
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<table><thead><tr><th>场景/需求</th><th>基本镜像</th><th>容器镜像</th><th>定制镜像</th><th>虚拟化镜像</th><th>云服务镜像</th><th>物理服务器镜像</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>开发环境</strong></td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐</td></tr><tr><td><strong>测试环境</strong></td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐</td></tr><tr><td><strong>生产环境</strong></td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐</td></tr><tr><td><strong>微服务架构</strong></td><td>⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐</td></tr><tr><td><strong>CI/CD 流水线</strong></td><td>⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐</td></tr><tr><td><strong>混合云部署</strong></td><td>⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐</td></tr><tr><td><strong>高性能计算</strong></td><td>⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐</td></tr><tr><td><strong>企业数据中心</strong></td><td>⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐</td></tr><tr><td><strong>自动化部署</strong></td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐</td></tr><tr><td><strong>灾难恢复</strong></td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐</td></tr><tr><td><strong>资源管理</strong></td><td>⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐</td></tr><tr><td><strong>安全性</strong></td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐</td><td>⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐</td></tr></tbody></table>
|
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<h3 id><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#" class="internal"> §</a></h3></article></div><div class="right sidebar"><div class="graph "><h3>Graph View</h3><div class="graph-outer"><div id="graph-container" data-cfg="{"drag":true,"zoom":true,"depth":1,"scale":1.1,"repelForce":0.5,"centerForce":0.3,"linkDistance":30,"fontSize":0.6,"opacityScale":1,"showTags":true,"removeTags":[]}"></div><svg version="1.1" id="global-graph-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlnsXlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 55 55" fill="currentColor" xmlSpace="preserve"><path d="M49,0c-3.309,0-6,2.691-6,6c0,1.035,0.263,2.009,0.726,2.86l-9.829,9.829C32.542,17.634,30.846,17,29,17
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s1.794-4,4-4S33,46.794,33,49z M29,31c-3.309,0-6-2.691-6-6s2.691-6,6-6s6,2.691,6,6S32.309,31,29,31z M47,41c0,1.103-0.897,2-2,2
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s-2-0.897-2-2s0.897-2,2-2S47,39.897,47,41z M49,10c-2.206,0-4-1.794-4-4s1.794-4,4-4s4,1.794,4,4S51.206,10,49,10z"></path></svg></div><div id="global-graph-outer"><div id="global-graph-container" data-cfg="{"drag":true,"zoom":true,"depth":-1,"scale":0.9,"repelForce":0.5,"centerForce":0.3,"linkDistance":30,"fontSize":0.6,"opacityScale":1,"showTags":true,"removeTags":[]}"></div></div></div><div class="toc desktop-only"><button type="button" id="toc" class><h3>Table of Contents</h3><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="fold"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg></button><div id="toc-content"><ul class="overflow"><li class="depth-0"><a href="#操作系统镜像" data-for="操作系统镜像">操作系统镜像</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#作用和用途" data-for="作用和用途">作用和用途</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#镜像的历史和发展" data-for="镜像的历史和发展">镜像的历史和发展</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#各类镜像的演变" data-for="各类镜像的演变">各类镜像的演变</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#基本镜像" data-for="基本镜像">基本镜像</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#典型特点" data-for="典型特点">典型特点</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#容器镜像" data-for="容器镜像">容器镜像</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#典型特点-1" data-for="典型特点-1">典型特点</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#定制镜像" data-for="定制镜像">定制镜像</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#应用场景" data-for="应用场景">应用场景</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#虚拟化镜像" data-for="虚拟化镜像">虚拟化镜像</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#典型特点-2" data-for="典型特点-2">典型特点</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#云服务镜像" data-for="云服务镜像">云服务镜像</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#典型特点-3" data-for="典型特点-3">典型特点</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#物理服务器镜像" data-for="物理服务器镜像">物理服务器镜像</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#典型特点-4" data-for="典型特点-4">典型特点</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#不同类型镜像的对比" data-for="不同类型镜像的对比">不同类型镜像的对比</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#使用场景评分参照表" data-for="使用场景评分参照表">使用场景评分参照表</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#" data-for></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="backlinks "><h3>Backlinks</h3><ul class="overflow"><li>No backlinks found</li></ul></div><div class="explorer mobile-only"><button type="button" id="explorer" data-behavior="collapse" data-collapsed="collapsed" data-savestate="true" data-tree="[{"path":"Basics","collapsed":true},{"path":"Basics/english","collapsed":true},{"path":"Blog","collapsed":true},{"path":"Book","collapsed":true},{"path":"Book/个人成长","collapsed":true},{"path":"Book/医学健康","collapsed":true},{"path":"Book/历史","collapsed":true},{"path":"Book/哲学宗教","collapsed":true},{"path":"Book/心理","collapsed":true},{"path":"Book/政治军事","collapsed":true},{"path":"Book/教育学习","collapsed":true},{"path":"Book/文学","collapsed":true},{"path":"Book/生活百科","collapsed":true},{"path":"Book/社会文化","collapsed":true},{"path":"Book/科
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|
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|
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|
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|
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</script><script type="module">
|
|||
|
import mermaid from 'https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mermaid/dist/mermaid.esm.min.mjs';
|
|||
|
const darkMode = document.documentElement.getAttribute('saved-theme') === 'dark'
|
|||
|
mermaid.initialize({
|
|||
|
startOnLoad: false,
|
|||
|
securityLevel: 'loose',
|
|||
|
theme: darkMode ? 'dark' : 'default'
|
|||
|
});
|
|||
|
document.addEventListener('nav', async () => {
|
|||
|
await mermaid.run({
|
|||
|
querySelector: '.mermaid'
|
|||
|
})
|
|||
|
});
|
|||
|
</script><script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/katex@0.16.7/dist/contrib/copy-tex.min.js" type="application/javascript"></script><script src="../../../../postscript.js" type="module"></script></html>
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