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<p>Git 配置文件分为三级，系统级（—system）、用户级（—global）和目录级（—local），三者的使用优先级以离目录（repository）最近为原则，如果三者的配置不一样，则生效优先级 <strong>目录级>用户级>系统级</strong>。</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>系统级</strong>（/etc/gitconfig）：使用 <strong>—system</strong> 来进行配置，该配置<strong>对系统上所有用户及他们所拥有的仓库都生效</strong>的配置值。</li>
</ul>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">git</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">config</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--system</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">user.name</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;用户名&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">git</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">config</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--system</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">user.email</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;邮箱地址&quot;`</span></span></code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li><strong>用户级</strong>（~/.gitconfig）：使用 <strong>—global</strong> 来进行配置，该配置<strong>对当前用户上所有的仓库有效</strong>。</li>
</ul>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">git</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">config</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--global</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">user.name</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;用户名&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">git</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">config</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--global</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">user.email</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;邮箱地址&quot;</span></span></code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li><strong>目录级</strong>（.git/config）：使用 <strong>—local</strong> 来进行配置，<strong>只对当前仓库生效。</strong></li>
</ul>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">git</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">config</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--local</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">user.name</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;用户名&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">git</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">config</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--local</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">user.email</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;邮箱地址&quot;</span></span></code></pre></div>
<h2 id="设置默认分支">设置默认分支<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#设置默认分支" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
<p>可以根据需求设置为<strong>系统级（—system）、用户级（—global）和目录级（—local）</strong>。</p>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">git</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">config</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--global</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">init.defaultBranch</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">&lt;</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">分支名</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">称</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">></span></span></code></pre></div>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 设置默认分支 main</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">git</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">config</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--global</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">init.defaultBranch</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">main</span></span></code></pre></div>
<h2 id="多平台换行符问题-lf-or-crlf">多平台换行符问题 (LF or CRLF)<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#多平台换行符问题-lf-or-crlf" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
<p>**文本文件所使用的换行符，在不同的系统平台上是不一样的。**UNIX/Linux 使用的是 0x0A（LF），早期的 Mac OS 使用的是 0x0D（CR），后来的 OS X 在更换内核后与 UNIX 保持一致了。但 DOS/Windows 一直使用 0x0D0A（CRLF） 作为换行符。</p>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 提交时转换为LF，检出时转换为CRLF</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">git</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">config</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--global</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">core.autocrlf</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">true</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 提交时转换为LF，检出时不转换</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">git</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">config</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--global</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">core.autocrlf</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">input</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 提交检出均不转换</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">git</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">config</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--global</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">core.autocrlf</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">false</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 拒绝提交包含混合换行符的文件</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">git</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">config</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--global</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">core.safecrlf</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">true</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 允许提交包含混合换行符的文件</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">git</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">config</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--global</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">core.safecrlf</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">false</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 提交包含混合换行符的文件时给出警告</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">git</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">config</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--global</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">core.safecrlf</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">warn</span></span></code></pre></div>
<p>如果涉及到在多个系统平台上工作，推荐将 git 做如下配置：</p>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">git</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">config</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--global</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">core.autocrlf</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">input</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">git</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">config</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--global</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">core.safecrlf</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">true</span></span></code></pre></div>
<h2 id="alias-重命名别名">Alias 重命名别名<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#alias-重命名别名" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">git</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">config</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--global</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">alias.st</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">status</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">//status</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">缩写成</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">st</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">git</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">config</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--global</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">alias.co</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">checkout</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">//checkout</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">缩写成</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">co</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">git</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">config</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--global</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">alias.br</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">branch</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">//branch</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">缩写成</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">br</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">git</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">config</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--global</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">alias.ci</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">commit</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">//commit</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">缩写成</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">ci</span></span></code></pre></div>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">alias</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> g</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'git'</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">alias</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> ga</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'git add'</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">alias</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> gco</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'git checkout'</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">alias</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> gcb</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'git checkout -b'</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">alias</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> gcm</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'git checkout master'</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">alias</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> gcd</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'git checkout develop'</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">alias</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> gd</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'git diff'</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">alias</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> gf</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'git fetch'</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">alias</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> gfo</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'git fetch origin'</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">alias</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> gl</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'git pull'</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">alias</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> gp</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'git push'</span></span></code></pre></div>
<p>Git 常用命令，可以根据实际需要创建缩写命令。</p>
<h2 id="gpg-签名提交">GPG 签名提交<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#gpg-签名提交" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
<h3 id="创建新的gpg-密钥">创建新的GPG 密钥<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#创建新的gpg-密钥" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
<ol>
<li>生成 GPG 密钥对</li>
</ol>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">//</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">1.1</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">创建</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">GPG</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">密钥</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">gpg</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--full-gen-key</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">//</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">1.2</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">列出</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">GPG</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">密钥</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">gpg</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--list-secret-keys</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--keyid-format</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">LONG</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;your_email@example.com&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">//</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">1.3</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">复制</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">GPG</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">密钥</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">ID，以下示例复制</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">4</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">AEA00A342C24CA3。</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">sec</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">ed25519/4AEA00A342C24CA3</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">2021</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">-09-14</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> [SC]</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">6DE3507E82DEB6E8828FAAC34AEA00A342C24BD4</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">uid</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> [ </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">绝对</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">]</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">your_name</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;your_email@example.com&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">ssb</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">cv25519/812B586FD245B560</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">2021</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">-09-14</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> [E]</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">//</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">1.4</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">导出</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">GPG</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">公钥（以上述</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">ID</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">为例）</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">gpg</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--armor</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--export</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">4</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">AEA00A342C24CA3</span></span></code></pre></div>
<ol start="2">
<li>平台添加 GPG 公钥配置</li>
</ol>
<p>将 GPG 公钥添加到 git 托管平台，例如 Github、Gitlab、Gitee 等。</p>
<ol start="3">
<li>本地 Git 仓库关联 GPG 密钥</li>
</ol>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">//</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">3.1</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">列出</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">GPG</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">密钥</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">gpg</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--list-secret-keys</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--keyid-format</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">LONG</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;your_email@example.com&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">//</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">3.2</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">复制</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">GPG</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">密钥</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">ID，以下示例复制</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">4</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">AEA00A342C24CA3。</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">sec</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">ed25519/4AEA00A342C24CA3</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">2021</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">-09-14</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> [SC]</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">6DE3507E82DEB6E8828FAAC34AEA00A342C24BD4</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">uid</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> [ </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">绝对</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">]</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">your_name</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;your_email@example.com&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">ssb</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">cv25519/812B586FD245B560</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">2021</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">-09-14</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> [E]</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">//</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">3.3</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">本地</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">Git</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">仓库中配置该密钥，对</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">commit</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">提交进行签名。</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">git</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">config</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--global</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">user.signingkey</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">4</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">AEA00A342C24CA3</span></span></code></pre></div>
<ol start="4">
<li>签名 Git commit</li>
</ol>
<p>运行 Git commit 命令时需要用到 <code>-S</code> 参数，如果不希望每次都要输入 <code>-S</code> 标志，可以配置默认签名。</p>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">//</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">签名提交</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">git</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">commit</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">-S</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">-m</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;your_commit_message&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">//</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">开启默认签名提交</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">git</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">config</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--global</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">commit.gpgsign</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">true</span></span></code></pre></div>
<ol start="5">
<li>验证签名</li>
</ol>
<p>最后可以推送签名提交到 git 托管平台，验证是否签名成功！</p>
<h3 id="导入已有的-gpg-密钥">导入已有的 GPG 密钥<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#导入已有的-gpg-密钥" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
<p>如果你已经有现成的 GPG 密钥，可以导入并使用。</p>
<ol>
<li>
<p><strong>导入 GPG 私钥</strong>：</p>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">gpg</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--import</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">your_private_key_file</span></span></code></pre></div>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>导入 GPG 公钥</strong>：</p>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">gpg</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--import</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">your_public_key_file</span></span></code></pre></div>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>信任导入的 GPG 密钥</strong>：</p>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">gpg</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--edit-key</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">your_key_id</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">gpg></span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">trust</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">gpg></span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">5</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> (ultimate </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">trust</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">)</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">gpg></span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">quit</span></span></code></pre></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>重复<strong>创建新的GPG 密钥</strong>中的第三步。</p>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="压缩提交记录">压缩提交记录<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#压缩提交记录" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
<p>如果在新分支进行了多次提交，然后想合并到主分支。可以使用 —squash 选项，压缩合并提交。</p>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">//</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">将目标分支的提交压缩为一个，然后合并分支</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">git</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">merge</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--squash</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">&lt;</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">branchNam</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">e</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">></span></span></code></pre></div>
<h2 id="忽略文件更改">忽略文件更改<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#忽略文件更改" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
<ul>
<li>
<p>未提交：添加忽略文件相对路径到 .gitignore 中即可。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>已提交：<code>git rm --cached file</code>，添加忽略文件相对路径到 .gitignore 中即可。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="配置-git-的凭据存储">配置 Git 的凭据存储<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#配置-git-的凭据存储" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
<p>当使用 Git 进行代码管理时，你可以配置 Git 的凭据存储，这样就不需要每次都输入用户名和密码。下面是详细的步骤：</p>
<h3 id="使用凭证缓存">使用凭证缓存<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#使用凭证缓存" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
<ol>
<li>
<p><strong>开启凭证缓存</strong>：</p>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">git</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">config</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--global</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">credential.helper</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">cache</span></span></code></pre></div>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>设置缓存超时时间</strong>（默认为 15 分钟，以下示例设置为 1 小时）：</p>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">git</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">config</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--global</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">credential.helper</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">'cache --timeout=3600'</span></span></code></pre></div>
</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="使用凭证管理器">使用凭证管理器<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#使用凭证管理器" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
<p>Git for Windows 以及较新的 Git 版本提供了凭证管理器（Credential Manager），可以在多平台下存储和管理凭证。</p>
<ol>
<li>
<p><strong>Windows 用户</strong>：</p>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">git</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">config</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--global</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">credential.helper</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">manager</span></span></code></pre></div>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>MacOS 用户</strong>：</p>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">git</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">config</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--global</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">credential.helper</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">osxkeychain</span></span></code></pre></div>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Linux 用户</strong>：</p>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">git</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">config</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--global</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">credential.helper</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">cache</span></span></code></pre></div>
</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="使用凭证存储">使用凭证存储<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#使用凭证存储" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
<p>这种方法会将凭证以纯文本的方式存储在磁盘上，安全性较低。</p>
<ol>
<li>
<p><strong>开启凭证存储</strong>：</p>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">git</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">config</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--global</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">credential.helper</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">store</span></span></code></pre></div>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>第一次使用 Git 操作时输入用户名和密码后，凭证会被保存到磁盘</strong>。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>使用 <code>cat</code> 命令查看 <code>.git-credentials</code> 文件的内容</strong>：</p>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">cat</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">~/.git-credentials</span></span></code></pre></div>
</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>请注意</strong>，使用 <code>store</code> 凭据存储方式会将密码明文保存在磁盘上，所以请确保你的机器是安全的，并且不要在共享或公共设备上使用该功能。</p>
<h2 id="全局的-git-日志美化">全局的 Git 日志美化<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#全局的-git-日志美化" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
<p>可以使用 <code>git config --global format.pretty</code> 设置一个全局的 Git 日志格式化语句。</p>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="bash" data-theme="default"><code data-language="bash" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">git</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">config</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--global</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">format.pretty</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">&quot;%C(red)%h%C(reset) - %C(yellow)%d%C(reset) %s %C(green)(%cr) %C(bold blue)&lt;%an>%C(reset)&quot;</span></span></code></pre></div>
<p>常用的配置选项及其描述：</p>
<table><thead><tr><th>配置选项</th><th>描述</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>%H</code></td><td>提交的完整哈希字符串</td></tr><tr><td><code>%h</code></td><td>提交的简短哈希字符串</td></tr><tr><td><code>%T</code></td><td>树的完整哈希字符串</td></tr><tr><td><code>%t</code></td><td>树的简短哈希字符串</td></tr><tr><td><code>%P</code></td><td>父节点的完整哈希字符串</td></tr><tr><td><code>%p</code></td><td>父节点的简短哈希字符串</td></tr><tr><td><code>%an</code></td><td>作者的名字</td></tr><tr><td><code>%ae</code></td><td>作者的电子邮件地址</td></tr><tr><td><code>%ad</code></td><td>作者修订日期（可以用 —date=选项定制格式）</td></tr><tr><td><code>%ar</code></td><td>作者修订日期，相对格式（例如，“2 weeks ago”）</td></tr><tr><td><code>%cn</code></td><td>提交者的名字</td></tr><tr><td><code>%ce</code></td><td>提交者的电子邮件地址</td></tr><tr><td><code>%cd</code></td><td>提交日期</td></tr><tr><td><code>%cr</code></td><td>提交日期，相对格式</td></tr><tr><td><code>%s</code></td><td>提交信息标题</td></tr><tr><td><code>%b</code></td><td>提交信息正文</td></tr><tr><td><code>%Cred</code></td><td>文字颜色为红色</td></tr><tr><td><code>%Cgreen</code></td><td>文字颜色为绿色</td></tr><tr><td><code>%Cblue</code></td><td>文字颜色为蓝色</td></tr><tr><td><code>%Creset</code></td><td>重置前面设置的颜色</td></tr><tr><td><code>%C(yellow)</code></td><td>文字颜色为黄色</td></tr><tr><td><code>%d</code></td><td>修饰（比如分支名，标签名）</td></tr><tr><td><code>%D</code></td><td>修饰的完整列表</td></tr></tbody></table></article></div><div class="right sidebar"><div class="graph "><h3>Graph View</h3><div class="graph-outer"><div id="graph-container" data-cfg="{&quot;drag&quot;:true,&quot;zoom&quot;:true,&quot;depth&quot;:1,&quot;scale&quot;:1.1,&quot;repelForce&quot;:0.5,&quot;centerForce&quot;:0.3,&quot;linkDistance&quot;:30,&quot;fontSize&quot;:0.6,&quot;opacityScale&quot;:1,&quot;showTags&quot;:true,&quot;removeTags&quot;:[]}"></div><svg version="1.1" id="global-graph-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlnsXlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 55 55" fill="currentColor" xmlSpace="preserve"><path d="M49,0c-3.309,0-6,2.691-6,6c0,1.035,0.263,2.009,0.726,2.86l-9.829,9.829C32.542,17.634,30.846,17,29,17
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