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<p><a href="https://gnupg.org/" class="external">GnuPG</a>（GNU Privacy Guard，GPG）是一款开源软件，用于非对称加密。它是满足 GPL 协议的 PGP（Pretty Good Privacy）加密软件实现。GnuPG 依照由 IETF 制定的 OpenPGP 技术标准设计，用于加密、数字签章及产生非对称密钥对。GPG 与 PGP 功能兼容。</p>
<p>如果你想发送加密信息，首先你需要得到接收者的公钥，然后通过该公钥对信息进行加密传输，接收者使用私钥就可解密并读取文件。同时，你也可以在公共网络用数字签章表明身份和安全性。</p>
<h2 id="gpg">GPG<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#gpg" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
<h3 id="安装">安装<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#安装" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
<p>在 Linux 系统中，GnuPG 通常已经被默认安装。在 Windows 和 macOS 系统中，你可以从 <a href="https://gnupg.org/" class="external">GnuPG 官方网站</a> 下载安装。</p>
<h3 id="配置">配置<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#配置" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">~</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">/.gnupg - GPG 配置目录</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">~</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">/.gnupg/gpg.conf – GPG 配置文件</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">~</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">/.gnupg/trustdb.gpg – GPG 信任库，用于存储你信任的其他 GPG 密钥</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">~</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">/.gnupg/pubring.gpg – GPG 公钥库，用于存储你的公钥和他人的公钥</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">~</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">/.gnupg/secring.gpg – GPG 私钥库，用于存储你的私钥</span></span></code></pre></div>
<h3 id="生成密钥">生成密钥<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#生成密钥" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 正常模式</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">gpg</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--gen-key</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 专家模式</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">gpg</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--expert</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--full-gen-key</span></span></code></pre></div>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">1.请选择您要使用的密钥种类：</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> (</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">1</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">) </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">RSA</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">and</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">RSA</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> (default)</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> (</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">2</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">) </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">DSA</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">and</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">Elgamal</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> (</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">3</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">) </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">DSA</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> (仅用于签名)</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> (</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">4</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">) </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">RSA</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> (仅用于签名)</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">您的选择？</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">1</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">2.RSA</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">密钥长度应在</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">1024</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">位与</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">4096</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">位之间。</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">您想要用多大的密钥尺寸？(2048</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">)4096</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">您所要求的密钥尺寸是</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-constant);">4096</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">位</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">请设定这把密钥的有效期限。</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">0</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">密钥永不过期</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">&lt;</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">n></span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">密钥在</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">n</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">天后过期</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">&lt;</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">n>w</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">密钥在</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">n</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">周后过期</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">&lt;</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">n>m</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">密钥在</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">n</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">月后过期</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">&lt;</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">n>y</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">=</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">密钥在</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">n</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">年后过期</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">密钥的有效期限是？(0</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">) 0</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">密钥永远不会过期</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">以上正确吗？(y/n</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">)y</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">3.</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">You</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">need</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">a</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">user</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">ID</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">to</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">identify</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">your</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">key</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">; </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">the</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">software</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">constructs</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">the</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">user</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">ID</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">from</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">the</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">Real</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">Name,</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">Comment</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">and</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">Email</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">Address</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">in</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">this</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">form:</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">&quot;Heinrich Heine (Der Dichter) &lt;heinrichh@duesseldorf.de>&quot;</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">真实姓名：zhouzhongping</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">电子邮件地址：zhouzhongping@7wate.com</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">注释：测试使用</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">您正在使用‘utf-8’字符集。</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">您选定了这个用户标识：</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">“zhouzhongping</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> (测试使用) </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">&lt;</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">zhouzhongping@7wate.com</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">></span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">”</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">4.更改姓名(N</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">)、注释(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">C</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">)、电子邮件地址(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">E</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">)或确定(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">O</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">)/退出(</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">Q</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">)？o</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">5.您需要一个密码来保护您的私钥。</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">我们需要生成大量的随机字节。这个时候您可以多做些琐事(像是敲打键盘、移动</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">鼠标、读写硬盘之类的</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">)，这会让随机数字发生器有更好的机会获得足够的熵数。</span></span></code></pre></div>
<h2 id="常用命令">常用命令<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#常用命令" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
<h3 id="查看">查看<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#查看" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 查看公钥</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">gpg</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--list-keys</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">gpg</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">-k</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 查看私钥</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">gpg</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--list-secret-keys</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">gpg</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">-K</span></span></code></pre></div>
<h3 id="编辑">编辑<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#编辑" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 编辑密钥页面</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">gpg</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--edit-key</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> [密钥ID]</span></span></code></pre></div>
<p><strong>GPG 以下命令需要进入编辑密钥页面。</strong></p>
<table><thead><tr><th>命令</th><th>描述</th><th>示例</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>quit</td><td>退出此菜单</td><td>无需示例，直接输入 <code>quit</code> 即可</td></tr><tr><td>save</td><td>保存并退出</td><td>无需示例，直接输入 <code>save</code> 即可</td></tr><tr><td>help</td><td>显示此帮助</td><td>无需示例，直接输入 <code>help</code> 即可</td></tr><tr><td>fpr</td><td>显示密钥指纹</td><td><code>fpr</code></td></tr><tr><td>list</td><td>列出密钥和用户标识</td><td><code>list</code></td></tr><tr><td>uid</td><td>选择用户标识 N</td><td><code>uid 1</code></td></tr><tr><td>key</td><td>选择子密钥 N</td><td><code>key 1</code></td></tr><tr><td>check</td><td>检查签名</td><td><code>check</code></td></tr><tr><td>sign</td><td>为所选用户标识添加签名</td><td><code>uid 1</code>, 然后 <code>sign</code></td></tr><tr><td>lsign</td><td>为所选用户标识添加本地签名</td><td><code>uid 1</code>, 然后 <code>lsign</code></td></tr><tr><td>tsign</td><td>为所选用户标识添加信任签名</td><td><code>uid 1</code>, 然后 <code>tsign</code></td></tr><tr><td>adduid</td><td>增加一个用户标识</td><td><code>adduid</code>, 然后按提示操作</td></tr><tr><td>deluid</td><td>删除选定的用户标识</td><td><code>uid 1</code>, 然后 <code>deluid</code></td></tr><tr><td>addkey</td><td>增加一个子密钥</td><td><code>addkey</code>, 然后按提示操作</td></tr><tr><td>delkey</td><td>删除选定的子密钥</td><td><code>key 1</code>, 然后 <code>delkey</code></td></tr><tr><td>expire</td><td>变更密钥或所选子密钥的使用期限</td><td><code>key 1</code>, 然后 <code>expire</code>, 接着按提示输入新的到期日</td></tr><tr><td>passwd</td><td>变更密码</td><td><code>passwd</code>, 然后按提示输入新密码</td></tr><tr><td>trust</td><td>变更信任度</td><td><code>trust</code>, 然后按提示选择新的信任级别</td></tr><tr><td>revsig</td><td>吊销所选用户标识上的签名</td><td><code>uid 1</code>, 然后 <code>revsig</code></td></tr><tr><td>revuid</td><td>吊销选定的用户标识</td><td><code>uid 1</code>, 然后 <code>revuid</code></td></tr><tr><td>revkey</td><td>吊销密钥或选定的子密钥</td><td><code>key 1</code>, 然后 <code>revkey</code></td></tr><tr><td>enable</td><td>启用密钥</td><td><code>enable</code></td></tr><tr><td>disable</td><td>禁用密钥</td><td><code>disable</code></td></tr><tr><td>clean</td><td>压缩不可用的用户标识并从密钥上移除不可用的签名</td><td><code>clean</code></td></tr><tr><td>minimize</td><td>压缩不可用的用户标识并从密钥上移除所有签名</td><td><code>minimize</code></td></tr></tbody></table>
<h3 id="导出">导出<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#导出" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 导出公钥</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">gpg</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--armor</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--output</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">public-key.txt</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--export</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> [密钥ID]</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 导出私钥</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">gpg</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--armor</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--output</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">private-key.txt</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--export-secret-keys</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> [密钥ID]</span></span></code></pre></div>
<p>在这里，<code>--armor</code> 选项会生成.asc 后缀的 ASCII 类型的文本文件，如果不使用该选项，则会生成.gpg 后缀的二进制文件。</p>
<h3 id="导入">导入<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#导入" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 从本地文件导入密钥</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">gpg</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--import</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> [密钥文件]</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 从服务器导入密钥</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">gpg</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--keyserver</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> [服务器] --search-keys [用户ID]</span></span></code></pre></div>
<h3 id="公布">公布<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#公布" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 将密钥发布到公开服务器</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">gpg</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--send-keys</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> [密钥ID] --keyserver [服务器]</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 发布用户指纹</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">gpg</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--fingerprint</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> [密钥ID]</span></span></code></pre></div>
<h3 id="删除">删除<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#删除" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 删除指定公钥</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">gpg</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--delete-key</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> [密钥ID]</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 删除指定私钥</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">gpg</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--delete-secret-keys</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> [密钥ID]</span></span></code></pre></div>
<h2 id="常用选项">常用选项<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#常用选项" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
<table><thead><tr><th>命令选项</th><th>描述</th><th>示例</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>—list-keys</td><td>列出所有的密钥</td><td><code>gpg --list-keys</code></td></tr><tr><td>—gen-key</td><td>生成新的密钥对</td><td><code>gpg --gen-key</code></td></tr><tr><td>—delete-key</td><td>删除密钥</td><td><code>gpg --delete-key [key-id]</code></td></tr><tr><td>—import</td><td>导入密钥</td><td><code>gpg --import [key-file]</code></td></tr><tr><td>—export</td><td>导出公钥</td><td><code>gpg --export -a &quot;User Name&quot; > public.key</code></td></tr><tr><td>—armor</td><td>创建 ASCII 字符格式的输出（用于在邮件等场合）</td><td><code>gpg --armor --export [key-id]</code></td></tr><tr><td>—encrypt</td><td>加密文件</td><td><code>gpg --encrypt --recipient [key-id] [file]</code></td></tr><tr><td>—decrypt</td><td>解密文件</td><td><code>gpg --decrypt [file]</code></td></tr><tr><td>—sign</td><td>生成只有你自己可以识别的签名文件</td><td><code>gpg --sign [file]</code></td></tr><tr><td>—verify</td><td>验证签名文件</td><td><code>gpg --verify [file]</code></td></tr><tr><td>—edit-key</td><td>编辑密钥的详细设置，例如添加/删除别名、设置过期时间等</td><td><code>gpg --edit-key [key-id]</code></td></tr><tr><td>—send-keys</td><td>将密钥发送到 keyserver</td><td><code>gpg --send-keys [key-id]</code></td></tr><tr><td>—recv-keys</td><td>从 keyserver 接收密钥</td><td><code>gpg --recv-keys [key-id]</code></td></tr><tr><td>—refresh-keys</td><td>从 keyserver 更新所有密钥的信息</td><td><code>gpg --refresh-keys</code></td></tr><tr><td>—full-generate-key</td><td>使用全面设置来生成新的密钥对</td><td><code>gpg --full-generate-key</code></td></tr><tr><td>—quick-add-uid</td><td>快速添加新的用户 ID 到现有的密钥</td><td><code>gpg --quick-add-uid [key-id] [User ID]</code></td></tr><tr><td>—change-passphrase</td><td>改变密钥的保护密码</td><td><code>gpg --change-passphrase [key-id]</code></td></tr></tbody></table>
<h2 id="加密和解密">加密和解密<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#加密和解密" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 加密文件</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">gpg</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--recipient</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> [密钥ID] --output demo.en.txt --encrypt demo.txt</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 解密文件</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">gpg</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--decrypt</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">demo.en.txt</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--output</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">demo.de.txt</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">gpg</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">demo.en.txt</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 签名文件（GPG格式）</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">gpg</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--sign</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">test.txt</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 签名文件（ASCII格式）</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">gpg</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--clearsign</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">test.txt</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 生成单独签名</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># -a 选项会生成 ASCII 格式的签名</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">gpg</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">-a</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--detach-sign</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">test.txt</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-comment);"># 验证签名</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">gpg</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--verify</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">test.txt.asc</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">test.txt</span></span></code></pre></div></article></div><div class="right sidebar"><div class="graph "><h3>Graph View</h3><div class="graph-outer"><div id="graph-container" data-cfg="{&quot;drag&quot;:true,&quot;zoom&quot;:true,&quot;depth&quot;:1,&quot;scale&quot;:1.1,&quot;repelForce&quot;:0.5,&quot;centerForce&quot;:0.3,&quot;linkDistance&quot;:30,&quot;fontSize&quot;:0.6,&quot;opacityScale&quot;:1,&quot;showTags&quot;:true,&quot;removeTags&quot;:[]}"></div><svg version="1.1" id="global-graph-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlnsXlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 55 55" fill="currentColor" xmlSpace="preserve"><path d="M49,0c-3.309,0-6,2.691-6,6c0,1.035,0.263,2.009,0.726,2.86l-9.829,9.829C32.542,17.634,30.846,17,29,17
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s-2-0.897-2-2s0.897-2,2-2S47,39.897,47,41z M49,10c-2.206,0-4-1.794-4-4s1.794-4,4-4s4,1.794,4,4S51.206,10,49,10z"></path></svg></div><div id="global-graph-outer"><div id="global-graph-container" data-cfg="{&quot;drag&quot;:true,&quot;zoom&quot;:true,&quot;depth&quot;:-1,&quot;scale&quot;:0.9,&quot;repelForce&quot;:0.5,&quot;centerForce&quot;:0.3,&quot;linkDistance&quot;:30,&quot;fontSize&quot;:0.6,&quot;opacityScale&quot;:1,&quot;showTags&quot;:true,&quot;removeTags&quot;:[]}"></div></div></div><div class="toc desktop-only"><button type="button" id="toc" class><h3>Table of Contents</h3><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="fold"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg></button><div id="toc-content"><ul class="overflow"><li class="depth-0"><a href="#简介" data-for="简介">简介</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#gpg" data-for="gpg">GPG</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#安装" data-for="安装">安装</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#配置" data-for="配置">配置</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#生成密钥" data-for="生成密钥">生成密钥</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#常用命令" data-for="常用命令">常用命令</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#查看" data-for="查看">查看</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#编辑" data-for="编辑">编辑</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#导出" data-for="导出">导出</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#导入" data-for="导入">导入</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#公布" data-for="公布">公布</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#删除" data-for="删除">删除</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#常用选项" data-for="常用选项">常用选项</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#加密和解密" data-for="加密和解密">加密和解密</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="backlinks "><h3>Backlinks</h3><ul class="overflow"><li>No backlinks found</li></ul></div><div class="explorer mobile-only"><button type="button" id="explorer" data-behavior="collapse" data-collapsed="collapsed" data-savestate="true" data-tree="[{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Basics&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Basics/english&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Blog&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Book&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Book/个人成长&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Book/医学健康&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Book/历史&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Book/哲学宗教&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Book/心理&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Book/政治军事&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Book/教育学习&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Book/文学&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Book/生活百科&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Book/社会文化&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Book/科学技术&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Book/经济理财&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Book/艺术&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Book/计算机&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Company&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Company/信息化&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Company/信息化/规范&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Culture&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Government&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Government/中国&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Government/中国/标准&quot;,&quot;collapsed&quot;:true},{&quot;path&quot;:&quot;Government/中国/法
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