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139 lines
410 KiB
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<html><head><title>PM2 工具</title><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/><meta property="og:title" content="PM2 工具"/><meta property="og:description" content="PM2是一个强大的Node.js进程管理工具，它可以帮助我们简化Node.js应用程序的管理和部署。."/><meta property="og:image" content="https://wiki.7wate.com/static/og-image.png"/><meta property="og:width" content="1200"/><meta property="og:height" content="675"/><link rel="icon" href="../../../static/icon.png"/><meta name="description" content="PM2是一个强大的Node.js进程管理工具，它可以帮助我们简化Node.js应用程序的管理和部署。."/><meta name="generator" content="Quartz"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com"/><script async src="https://umami.7wate.com/script.js" data-website-id="c061efdc-95dd-4d21-9d04-a1ffda0a85b9"></script><script>
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<p><a href="https://pm2.keymetrics.io/" class="external">PM2</a> 是一个<strong>卓越的 Node.js 进程管理工具</strong>，它可以帮助我们简化 Node.js 应用程序的管理和部署。通过 PM2，我们可以实现自动重启、负载均衡、性能监控以及日志管理等功能，大大提高应用程序的稳定性和可靠性。</p>
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<h2 id="安装">安装<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#安装" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
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<p>安装 PM2 非常简单，只需执行以下命令即可：</p>
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<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">npm</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">install</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">-g</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">pm2</span></span></code></pre></div>
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<p>这将全局安装 PM2，使其可以在命令行中直接使用。</p>
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<h2 id="管理">管理<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#管理" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
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<h3 id="目录结构">目录结构<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#目录结构" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
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<p>安装 PM2 后，它会自动创建一些目录，这些目录对于管理和运行应用程序非常重要。以下是这些目录的简要介绍：</p>
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<ul>
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<li><code>$HOME/.pm2</code>：包含所有与 PM2 相关的文件。</li>
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<li><code>$HOME/.pm2/logs</code>：包含所有应用程序的日志文件。</li>
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<li><code>$HOME/.pm2/pids</code>：包含所有应用程序的进程 ID 文件。</li>
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<li><code>$HOME/.pm2/pm2.log</code>：PM2 的日志文件。</li>
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<li><code>$HOME/.pm2/pm2.pid</code>：PM2 的进程 ID 文件。</li>
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<li><code>$HOME/.pm2/rpc.sock</code>：用于远程命令的 Socket 文件。</li>
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<li><code>$HOME/.pm2/pub.sock</code>：用于发布事件的 Socket 文件。</li>
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<li><code>$HOME/.pm2/conf.js</code>：PM2 的配置文件。</li>
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</ul>
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<h3 id="常用命令">常用命令<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#常用命令" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
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<p>PM2 提供了许多常用的命令，用于管理和操作应用程序。以下是一些常用的命令及其说明：</p>
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<ul>
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<li><code>pm2 start app.js</code>：启动一个应用程序。</li>
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<li><code>pm2 restart app.js</code>：重启一个应用程序。</li>
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<li><code>pm2 stop app.js</code>：停止一个应用程序。</li>
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<li><code>pm2 delete app.js</code>：删除一个应用程序。</li>
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<li><code>pm2 list/l/ls</code>：查看所有运行中的应用程序的状态和详细信息。</li>
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<li><code>pm2 describe app.js</code>：查看特定应用程序的详细信息。</li>
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<li><code>pm2 logs</code>：显示所有应用程序的日志。</li>
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<li><code>pm2 monit</code>：启动一个终端仪表板，显示每个应用程序的 CPU 和内存使用情况。</li>
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</ul>
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<h2 id="使用">使用<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#使用" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
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<h3 id="监听文件">监听文件<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#监听文件" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
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<p>使用 PM2，您可以轻松地监听应用程序目录中的文件变化，并在文件发生更改时自动重启应用程序。只需在启动应用程序时添加 —watch 参数即可，例如：</p>
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<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">pm2</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">start</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">app.js</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">--watch</span></span></code></pre></div>
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<p>这将使 PM2 监视 app.js 文件的变化，并在文件发生更改时自动重启应用程序。</p>
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<h3 id="负载均衡">负载均衡<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#负载均衡" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
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<p>PM2 还支持负载均衡功能，可以根据需要启动多个应用程序实例。您可以使用以下命令启动多个实例：</p>
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<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">pm2</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">start</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">app.js</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">-i</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);"><</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">instance</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">s</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">></span></span></code></pre></div>
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<p>将 <code>instances</code> 替换为您要启动的实例数。如果将 <code>instances</code> 设置为 0 或 max，则 PM2 将根据系统的 CPU 核心数自动确定实例数。</p>
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<h3 id="配置文件">配置文件<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#配置文件" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
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<p>PM2 还支持使用配置文件来管理应用程序。您可以创建一个 JSON 或 YAML 格式的配置文件，并在启动应用程序时指定该配置文件。配置文件可以包含应用程序的名称、启动脚本、环境变量等信息。以下是一个示例配置文件的结构：</p>
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<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="json" data-theme="default"><code data-language="json" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">{</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">"name"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">"my-app"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">,</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">"script"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">"app.js"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">,</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">"env"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> {</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-keyword);">"NODE_ENV"</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-punctuation);">:</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string-expression);">"production"</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> }</span></span>
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<span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);">}</span></span></code></pre></div>
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<p>您可以使用以下命令启动应用程序并指定配置文件：</p>
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<div data-rehype-pretty-code-fragment><pre style="background-color:var(--shiki-color-background);" tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="default"><span data-line><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-function);">pm2</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">start</span><span style="color:var(--shiki-color-text);"> </span><span style="color:var(--shiki-token-string);">my-config.json</span></span></code></pre></div>
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<p>将 <code>my-config.json</code> 替换为您的配置文件路径。</p>
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<p>PM2 是一个功能强大的 Node.js 进程管理工具，它可以帮助您简化应用程序的管理和部署。</p>
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<h3 id="日志管理">日志管理<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#日志管理" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
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<p>PM2 默认会捕获并记录应用程序的 STDOUT 和 STDERR 输出，并将其存储在 <code>$HOME/.pm2/logs</code> 目录下。你可以使用 <code>pm2 logs</code> 命令来查看这些日志。</p>
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<p>此外，PM2 还提供了一些高级功能，如日志切割，你可以使用 <code>pm2 install pm2-logrotate</code> 命令来安装日志切割模块，这对于日志管理非常有用。</p>
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<h3 id="性能监控">性能监控<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#性能监控" class="internal"> §</a></h3>
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<p>PM2 还提供了一个内置的模块系统，可以安装各种模块来增强 PM2 的功能。其中，一个非常有用的模块是 <code>pm2-monitoring</code>，它可以提供应用程序的性能监控功能。只需执行 <code>pm2 install pm2-monitoring</code> 命令，就可以启用该功能。</p>
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<p>此外，PM2 还有一个叫做 Keymetrics 的云端平台，它提供了一整套的应用程序性能管理（APM）功能，包括实时监控、CPU/内存使用情况、HTTP 交易等。</p>
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<h2 id="结论">结论<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#结论" class="internal"> §</a></h2>
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<p>PM2 是一个功能强大的 Node.js 进程管理工具，它可以帮助你简化应用程序的管理和部署，提高应用程序的稳定性和可靠性。不论是在开发环境还是在生产环境，PM2 都是管理 Node.js 应用程序的理想选择。</p></article></div><div class="right sidebar"><div class="graph "><h3>Graph View</h3><div class="graph-outer"><div id="graph-container" data-cfg="{"drag":true,"zoom":true,"depth":1,"scale":1.1,"repelForce":0.5,"centerForce":0.3,"linkDistance":30,"fontSize":0.6,"opacityScale":1,"showTags":true,"removeTags":[]}"></div><svg version="1.1" id="global-graph-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlnsXlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 55 55" fill="currentColor" xmlSpace="preserve"><path d="M49,0c-3.309,0-6,2.691-6,6c0,1.035,0.263,2.009,0.726,2.86l-9.829,9.829C32.542,17.634,30.846,17,29,17
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s-2-0.897-2-2s0.897-2,2-2S47,39.897,47,41z M49,10c-2.206,0-4-1.794-4-4s1.794-4,4-4s4,1.794,4,4S51.206,10,49,10z"></path></svg></div><div id="global-graph-outer"><div id="global-graph-container" data-cfg="{"drag":true,"zoom":true,"depth":-1,"scale":0.9,"repelForce":0.5,"centerForce":0.3,"linkDistance":30,"fontSize":0.6,"opacityScale":1,"showTags":true,"removeTags":[]}"></div></div></div><div class="toc desktop-only"><button type="button" id="toc" class><h3>Table of Contents</h3><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="fold"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg></button><div id="toc-content"><ul class="overflow"><li class="depth-0"><a href="#简介" data-for="简介">简介</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#安装" data-for="安装">安装</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#管理" data-for="管理">管理</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#目录结构" data-for="目录结构">目录结构</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#常用命令" data-for="常用命令">常用命令</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#使用" data-for="使用">使用</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#监听文件" data-for="监听文件">监听文件</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#负载均衡" data-for="负载均衡">负载均衡</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#配置文件" data-for="配置文件">配置文件</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#日志管理" data-for="日志管理">日志管理</a></li><li class="depth-1"><a href="#性能监控" data-for="性能监控">性能监控</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#结论" data-for="结论">结论</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="backlinks "><h3>Backlinks</h3><ul class="overflow"><li>No backlinks found</li></ul></div><div class="explorer mobile-only"><button type="button" id="explorer" data-behavior="collapse" data-collapsed="collapsed" data-savestate="true" data-tree="[{"path":"Basics","collapsed":true},{"path":"Basics/english","collapsed":true},{"path":"Blog","collapsed":true},{"path":"Book","collapsed":true},{"path":"Book/个人成长","collapsed":true},{"path":"Book/医学健康","collapsed":true},{"path":"Book/历史","collapsed":true},{"path":"Book/哲学宗教","collapsed":true},{"path":"Book/心理","collapsed":true},{"path":"Book/政治军事","collapsed":true},{"path":"Book/教育学习","collapsed":true},{"path":"Book/文学","collapsed":true},{"path":"Book/生活百科","collapsed":true},{"path":"Book/社会文化","collapsed":true},{"path":"Book/科学技术","collapsed":true},{"path":"Book/经济理财","collapsed":true},{"path":"Book/艺术","collapsed":true},{"path":"Book/计算机","collapsed":true},{"path":"Company","collapsed":true},{"path":"Company/信息化","collapsed":true},{"path":"Company/信息化/规范","collapsed":true},{"path":"Culture","collapsed":true},{"path":"Government","collapsed":true},{"path":"Government/中国","collapsed":true},{"path":"Government/中国/标准","collapsed":true},{"path":"Government/中国/法律","collapsed":true},{"path":"Journal","collap
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