70 lines
443 KiB
HTML
70 lines
443 KiB
HTML
|
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
|||
|
|
<html lang="zh"><head><title>功能即服务（FaaS）</title><meta charset="utf-8"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=IBM Plex Mono&family=Noto Serif Simplified Chinese:wght@400;700&family=Source Sans Pro:ital,wght@0,400;0,600;1,400;1,600&display=swap"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/><meta property="og:title" content="功能即服务（FaaS）"/><meta property="og:description" content="功能即服务（FaaS）."/><meta property="og:image" content="https://wiki.7wate.com/static/og-image.png"/><meta property="og:width" content="1200"/><meta property="og:height" content="675"/><link rel="icon" href="../../../static/icon.png"/><meta name="description" content="功能即服务（FaaS）."/><meta name="generator" content="Quartz"/><link href="../../../index.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" spa-preserve/><link href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/KaTeX/0.16.9/katex.min.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" spa-preserve/><script src="../../../prescript.js" type="application/javascript" spa-preserve></script><script type="application/javascript" spa-preserve>const fetchData = fetch("../../../static/contentIndex.json").then(data => data.json())</script></head><body data-slug="Technology/CloudService/基础/功能即服务（FaaS）"><div id="quartz-root" class="page"><div id="quartz-body"><div class="left sidebar"><h2 class="page-title"><a href="../../..">🪴 X·Eden</a></h2><div class="spacer mobile-only"></div><div class="search"><button class="search-button" id="search-button"><p>搜索</p><svg role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 19.9 19.7"><title>Search</title><g class="search-path" fill="none"><path stroke-linecap="square" d="M18.5 18.3l-5.4-5.4"></path><circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7"></circle></g></svg></button><div id="search-container"><div id="search-space"><input autocomplete="off" id="search-bar" name="search" type="text" aria-label="搜索些什么" placeholder="搜索些什么"/><div id="search-layout" data-preview="true"></div></div></div></div><button class="darkmode" id="darkmode"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" id="dayIcon" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 35 35" style="enable-background:new 0 0 35 35" xml:space="preserve" aria-label="暗色模式"><title>暗色模式</title><path d="M6,17.5C6,16.672,5.328,16,4.5,16h-3C0.672,16,0,16.672,0,17.5 S0.672,19,1.5,19h3C5.328,19,6,18.328,6,17.5z M7.5,26c-0.414,0-0.789,0.168-1.061,0.439l-2,2C4.168,28.711,4,29.086,4,29.5 C4,30.328,4.671,31,5.5,31c0.414,0,0.789-0.168,1.06-0.44l2-2C8.832,28.289,9,27.914,9,27.5C9,26.672,8.329,26,7.5,26z M17.5,6 C18.329,6,19,5.328,19,4.5v-3C19,0.672,18.329,0,17.5,0S16,0.672,16,1.5v3C16,5.328,16.671,6,17.5,6z M27.5,9 c0.414,0,0.789-0.168,1.06-0.439l2-2C30.832,6.289,31,5.914,31,5.5C31,4.672,30.329,4,29.5,4c-0.414,0-0.789,0.168-1.061,0.44 l-2,2C26.168,6.711,26,7.086,26,7.5C26,8.328,26.671,9,27.5,9z M6.439,8.561C6.711,8.832,7.086,9,7.5,9C8.328,9,9,8.328,9,7.5 c0-0.414-0.168-0.789-0.439-1.061l-2-2C6.289,4.168,5.914,4,5.5,4C4.672,4,4,4.672,4,5.5c0,0.414,0.168,0.789,0.439,1.06 L6.439,8.561z M33.5,16h-3c-0.828,0-1.5,0.672-1.5,1.5s0.672,1.5,1.5,1.5h3c0.828,0,1.5-0.672,1.5-1.5S34.328,16,33.5,16z M28.561,26.439C28.289,26.168,27.914,26,27.5,26c-0.828,0-1.5,0.672-1.5,1.5c0,0.414,0.168,0.789,0.439,1.06l2,2 C28.711,30.832,29.086,31,29.5,31c0.828,0,1.5-0.672,1.5-1.5c0-0.414-0.168-0.789-0.439-1.061L28.561,26.439z M17.5,29 c-0.829,0-1.5,0.672-1.5,1.5v3c0,0.828,0.671,1.5,1.5,1.5s1.5-0.672,1.5-1.5v-3C19,29.672,18.329,29,17.5,29z M17.5,7 C11.71,7,7,11.71,7,17.5S11.71,28,17.5,28S28,23.29,28,17.5S23.29,7,17.5,7z M17.5,25c-4.136,0-7.5-3.364-7.5-7.5 c0-4.136,3.364-7.5,7.5-7.5c4.136,0,7.5,3.364,7.5,7.5C25,21.636,21.636,25,17.5,25z"></path></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>功能即服务（FaaS）是一种云计算服务，它允许开发人员以功能的形式来构建、计算、运行和管理这些应用包，无需维护自己的基础架构。</strong></p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>FaaS 是一种在无状态容器中运行的事件驱动型执行模型，这些功能将利用 FaaS 提供商的服务来管理服务器端逻辑和状态。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>FaaS 解决方案可通过主流公共云提供，并可在内部置备，这样就为企业 IT 应用开发新增了一些重要的功能。获取云原生策略指南，为借助 FaaS 实施无服务器方案做好准备。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>以下是 FaaS 的一些常见示例：</p>
|
|||
|
|
<ul>
|
|||
|
|
<li>IBM 云功能</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>Amazon 的 AWS Lambda</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>Google 云功能</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>Microsoft Azure 功能（开源）</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>OpenFaaS（开源）</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
<h2 id="faas-和无服务器">FaaS 和无服务器<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#faas-和无服务器" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
|
|||
|
|
<p><strong>FaaS 是一种实现无服务器计算的方法，藉此开发人员可以编写业务逻辑，然后在完全由平台管理的 Linux 容器中执行这些业务逻辑。</strong></p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>虽然通常只是一个使用云计算服务的云计算平台，但该模型还在扩展中，包含内部部署和混合部署。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>无服务器会对基础架构问题进行抽象处理，例如管理或置备服务器及开发人员的资源分配，并将其提供给平台（如红帽® OpenShift®），这样开发人员就可以专注于编写代码和实现业务价值。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>功能是操作系统上的一个运行业务逻辑的软件。应用可以由许多功能组成。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>使用 FaaS 模型是通过无服务器架构来构建应用的方法之一，但随着无服务器模式的日渐普及，开发人员正在寻找支持构建无服务器微服务和无状态容器的解决方案。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<h2 id="功能即服务是如何运行的">功能即服务是如何运行的？<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#功能即服务是如何运行的" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
|
|||
|
|
<p>**FaaS 为开发人员提供了一种运行 Web 应用的抽象方式，可以在无需管理服务器的情况下响应事件。**例如，上载文件可触发自定义代码，从而将文件转码为各种格式。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>FaaS 基础架构通常是由服务提供商按需计量的，主要通过事件驱动型执行模型进行，因此它会随时待命，但不需要任何服务器进程在后台持续运行（这一点与平台即服务 （PaaS）不同）。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>现代 PaaS 解决方案提供了无服务器功能（作为通用工作流的一部分），藉此开发人员可以实现应用的部署，从而模糊了 PaaS 和 FaaS 之间的界线。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>实际上，整个应用将由以下解决方案混合而成：功能、微服务和长期运行的服务。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<h2 id="faas-动态扩展">FaaS 动态扩展<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#faas-动态扩展" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
|
|||
|
|
<p>**提供商会通过应用编程接口（API）让您的功能处于可用状态并管理资源分配。**由于功能是事件驱动而不是资源驱动的，因此它们很容易进行扩展，这种扩展允许提高效率和价值。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>为了发挥部分优势，其体系架构会受到一定制约（例如对功能执行施加时间限制），因此需要做到功能的快速启动和运行。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>功能会在毫秒内启动并处理各个请求。如果您的功能有多个同步请求，系统将创建尽可能多的功能副本来满足需求。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>当需求下降时，应用会自动减少功能副本的数量。动态扩展是 FaaS 的一项优势，而且颇具成本效益，因为提供商仅对使用的资源收费，而不对空闲时间收费。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>在内部运行时，这种动态特性还可以提高平台密度，从而允许运行更多工作负载并优化资源消耗和功能。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>需要横向扩展的事件驱动型服务可作为功能和 RESTful 应用进行工作。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>**FaaS 非常适合大数据量的交易、经常发生的工作负载，例如报表生成、图像处理或任何计划任务。**常见的 FaaS 用例包括数据处理、IoT 服务、移动和 Web 应用。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>您可以使用 FaaS 构建完全无服务器化的应用，也可以打造部分无服务器、部分传统微服务组件的应 用 ，以便利用更新的技术和容器编排系统，如 Kubernetes。</p>
|
|||
|
|
<h2 id="faas-的优势是什么">FaaS 的优势是什么？<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#faas-的优势是什么" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
|
|||
|
|
<ul>
|
|||
|
|
<li>提高开发人员的生产率并缩短开发时间</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>不负责服务器管理</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>易于扩展，且横向扩展由平台管理</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>仅在必要和需要时消耗资源或支付费用</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>几乎可以用任何编程语言来编写功能</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul></article><hr/><div class="page-footer"></div></div><div class="right sidebar"><div class="graph"><h3>关系图谱</h3><div class="graph-outer"><div id="graph-container" data-cfg="{"drag":true,"zoom":true,"depth":1,"scale":1.1,"repelForce":0.5,"centerForce":0.3,"linkDistance":30,"fontSize":0.6,"opacityScale":1,"showTags":true,"removeTags":[],"focusOnHover":false}"></div><button id="global-graph-icon" aria-label="Global Graph"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 55 55" fill="currentColor" xml:space="preserve"><path d="M49,0c-3.309,0-6,2.691-6,6c0,1.035,0.263,2.009,0.726,2.86l-9.829,9.829C32.542,17.634,30.846,17,29,17
|
|||
|
|
s-3.542,0.634-4.898,1.688l-7.669-7.669C16.785,10.424,17,9.74,17,9c0-2.206-1.794-4-4-4S9,6.794,9,9s1.794,4,4,4
|
|||
|
|
c0.74,0,1.424-0.215,2.019-0.567l7.669,7.669C21.634,21.458,21,23.154,21,25s0.634,3.542,1.688,4.897L10.024,42.562
|
|||
|
|
C8.958,41.595,7.549,41,6,41c-3.309,0-6,2.691-6,6s2.691,6,6,6s6-2.691,6-6c0-1.035-0.263-2.009-0.726-2.86l12.829-12.829
|
|||
|
|
c1.106,0.86,2.44,1.436,3.898,1.619v10.16c-2.833,0.478-5,2.942-5,5.91c0,3.309,2.691,6,6,6s6-2.691,6-6c0-2.967-2.167-5.431-5-5.91
|
|||
|
|
v-10.16c1.458-0.183,2.792-0.759,3.898-1.619l7.669,7.669C41.215,39.576,41,40.26,41,41c0,2.206,1.794,4,4,4s4-1.794,4-4
|
|||
|
|
s-1.794-4-4-4c-0.74,0-1.424,0.215-2.019,0.567l-7.669-7.669C36.366,28.542,37,26.846,37,25s-0.634-3.542-1.688-4.897l9.665-9.665
|
|||
|
|
C46.042,11.405,47.451,12,49,12c3.309,0,6-2.691,6-6S52.309,0,49,0z M11,9c0-1.103,0.897-2,2-2s2,0.897,2,2s-0.897,2-2,2
|
|||
|
|
S11,10.103,11,9z M6,51c-2.206,0-4-1.794-4-4s1.794-4,4-4s4,1.794,4,4S8.206,51,6,51z M33,49c0,2.206-1.794,4-4,4s-4-1.794-4-4
|
|||
|
|
s1.794-4,4-4S33,46.794,33,49z M29,31c-3.309,0-6-2.691-6-6s2.691-6,6-6s6,2.691,6,6S32.309,31,29,31z M47,41c0,1.103-0.897,2-2,2
|
|||
|
|
s-2-0.897-2-2s0.897-2,2-2S47,39.897,47,41z M49,10c-2.206,0-4-1.794-4-4s1.794-4,4-4s4,1.794,4,4S51.206,10,49,10z"></path></svg></button></div><div id="global-graph-outer"><div id="global-graph-container" data-cfg="{"drag":true,"zoom":true,"depth":-1,"scale":0.9,"repelForce":0.5,"centerForce":0.3,"linkDistance":30,"fontSize":0.6,"opacityScale":1,"showTags":true,"removeTags":[],"focusOnHover":true}"></div></div></div><div class="toc desktop-only"><button type="button" id="toc" class aria-controls="toc-content" aria-expanded="true"><h3>目录</h3><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="fold"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg></button><div id="toc-content" class><ul class="overflow"><li class="depth-0"><a href="#概述" data-for="概述">概述</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#faas-和无服务器" data-for="faas-和无服务器">FaaS 和无服务器</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#功能即服务是如何运行的" data-for="功能即服务是如何运行的">功能即服务是如何运行的？</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#faas-动态扩展" data-for="faas-动态扩展">FaaS 动态扩展</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#faas-的优势是什么" data-for="faas-的优势是什么">FaaS 的优势是什么？</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="explorer mobile-only"><button type="button" id="explorer" data-behavior="collapse" data-collapsed="collapsed" data-savestate="true" data-tree="[{"path":"Personal","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2018","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2020","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2021","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2022","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2023","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2024","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/个人成长","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/医学健康","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/历史","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/哲学宗教","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/心理","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/政治军事","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/教育学习","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/文学","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/生活百科","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/社会文化","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/科学技术","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/经济理财","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/艺术","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/计算机","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Journal","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Journal/2022","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Journal/2022/W34","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Journal/2022/W35","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Journal/2022/W36","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Journal/2022/W37","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Journa
|
|||
|
|
</script><script type="module">
|
|||
|
|
let mermaidImport = undefined
|
|||
|
|
document.addEventListener('nav', async () => {
|
|||
|
|
if (document.querySelector("code.mermaid")) {
|
|||
|
|
mermaidImport ||= await import('https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mermaid/10.7.0/mermaid.esm.min.mjs')
|
|||
|
|
const mermaid = mermaidImport.default
|
|||
|
|
const darkMode = document.documentElement.getAttribute('saved-theme') === 'dark'
|
|||
|
|
mermaid.initialize({
|
|||
|
|
startOnLoad: false,
|
|||
|
|
securityLevel: 'loose',
|
|||
|
|
theme: darkMode ? 'dark' : 'default'
|
|||
|
|
})
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
await mermaid.run({
|
|||
|
|
querySelector: '.mermaid'
|
|||
|
|
})
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
});
|
|||
|
|
</script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/KaTeX/0.16.9/contrib/copy-tex.min.js" type="application/javascript"></script><script src="../../../postscript.js" type="module"></script></html>
|