2022-01-25 12:29:33 +08:00
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---
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2022-01-25 14:46:19 +08:00
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id: GPG 简明笔记
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title: GPG 简明笔记
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2022-01-25 12:29:33 +08:00
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data: 2022年1月25日
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---
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## 简介
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GnuPG（GNU Privacy Guard，GPG）是一款非对称加密的开源软件，它是PGP加密软件的满足GPL协议的实现。GnuPG依照由IETF制定的en:OpenPGP技术标准设计。GnuPG是用于**加密、数字签章**及产生非对称匙对的软件。GPG 兼容 PGP（Pretty Good Privacy）的功能。
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如果你想发送加密信息，首先你要得到接收者的公钥，然后通过该公钥加密传输，接收者使用私钥就可解密并读取文件，同时也可以在公共网络用数字签章表明身份和安全性。
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## GPG
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### 安装
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linux 默认安装 GPG，windows 和 mac 安装方法大同小异。
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### 配置
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```
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# GPG 配置文件介绍
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~/.gnupg - 配置目录
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~/.gnupg/gpg.conf – 配置文件
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~/.gnupg/trustdb.gpg – 信任库
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~/.gnupg/pubring.gpg – 公钥库
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~/.gnupg/secring.gpg – 私钥库
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```
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### 生成密钥
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```
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gpg --gen-key
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```
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```
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1.请选择您要使用的密钥种类：
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(1) RSA and RSA (default)
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(2) DSA and Elgamal
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(3) DSA (仅用于签名)
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(4) RSA (仅用于签名)
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您的选择？ 1
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2.RSA 密钥长度应在 1024 位与 4096 位之间。
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您想要用多大的密钥尺寸？(2048)4096
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您所要求的密钥尺寸是 4096 位
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请设定这把密钥的有效期限。
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0 = 密钥永不过期
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<n> = 密钥在 n 天后过期
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<n>w = 密钥在 n 周后过期
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<n>m = 密钥在 n 月后过期
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<n>y = 密钥在 n 年后过期
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密钥的有效期限是？(0) 0
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密钥永远不会过期
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以上正确吗？(y/n)y
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3. You need a user ID to identify your key; the software constructs the user ID
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from the Real Name, Comment and Email Address in this form:
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"Heinrich Heine (Der Dichter) <heinrichh@duesseldorf.de>"
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真实姓名：zhouzhongping
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电子邮件地址：zhouzhongping@7wate.com
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注释：测试使用
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您正在使用‘utf-8’字符集。
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您选定了这个用户标识：
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“zhouzhongping (测试使用) <zhouzhongping@7wate.com>”
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4.更改姓名(N)、注释(C)、电子邮件地址(E)或确定(O)/退出(Q)？o
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5.您需要一个密码来保护您的私钥。
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我们需要生成大量的随机字节。这个时候您可以多做些琐事(像是敲打键盘、移动
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鼠标、读写硬盘之类的)，这会让随机数字发生器有更好的机会获得足够的熵数。
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```
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根据提示结合需求填写，生成 GPG 密钥。
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## 常用命令
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### 查看
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公钥
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```
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gpg --list-keys
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gpg -k
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```
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私钥
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```
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gpg --list-secret-keys
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gpg -K
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```
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### 导出
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公钥
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```
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gpg --armor --output public-key.txt --export [用户ID]
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```
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私钥
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```
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gpg --armor --output private-key.txt --export-secret-keys [用户ID]
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```
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*--armor 生成 asc 后缀的 ASCII 类型的文本文件，否则生成 gpg 后缀的二进制文件*
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### 导入
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本地公钥文件
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```
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gpg --import [密钥文件]
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```
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服务器公钥文件
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```
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gpg --keyserver [服务器] --search-keys [用户ID]
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```
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### 公布
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发布至公开服务器
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```
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gpg --send-keys [用户ID] --keyserver [服务器]
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```
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发布用户指纹
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```
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gpg --fingerprint [用户ID]
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```
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### 删除
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删除指定公钥
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```
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gpg --delete-key [用户id]
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```
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删除指定密钥
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```
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gpg --delete-secret-keys [用户id]
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```
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吊销指定密钥
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## 加密/解密
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加密文件
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```
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gpg --recipient [用户ID] --output demo.en.txt --encrypt demo.txt
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```
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解密文件
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```
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gpg --decrypt demo.en.txt --output demo.de.txt
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gpg demo.en.txt
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```
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签名文件（GPG 格式）
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```
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gpg --sign test.txt
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```
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签名文件（ASCII 格式）
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```
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gpg --clearsign test.txt
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```
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生成单独签名
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```
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gpg -a --detach-sign test.txt
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```
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*-a 生成 ASCII 格式*
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验证签名
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```
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gpg --verify test.txt.asc test.txt
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```
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