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<html lang="zh"><head><title>Docker Dockerfile</title><meta charset="utf-8"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=IBM Plex Mono&amp;family=Noto Serif Simplified Chinese:wght@400;700&amp;family=Source Sans Pro:ital,wght@0,400;0,600;1,400;1,600&amp;display=swap"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/><meta property="og:title" content="Docker Dockerfile"/><meta property="og:description" content="Docker Dockerfile."/><meta property="og:image" content="https://wiki.7wate.com/static/og-image.png"/><meta property="og:width" content="1200"/><meta property="og:height" content="675"/><link rel="icon" href="../../../../static/icon.png"/><meta name="description" content="Docker Dockerfile."/><meta name="generator" content="Quartz"/><link href="../../../../index.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" spa-preserve/><link href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/KaTeX/0.16.9/katex.min.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" spa-preserve/><script src="../../../../prescript.js" type="application/javascript" spa-preserve></script><script type="application/javascript" spa-preserve>const fetchData = fetch("../../../../static/contentIndex.json").then(data => data.json())</script></head><body data-slug="Technology/OperatingSystem/Docker/进阶/Docker-Dockerfile"><div id="quartz-root" class="page"><div id="quartz-body"><div class="left sidebar"><h2 class="page-title"><a href="../../../..">🪴 X·Eden</a></h2><div class="spacer mobile-only"></div><div class="search"><button class="search-button" id="search-button"><p>搜索</p><svg role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 19.9 19.7"><title>Search</title><g class="search-path" fill="none"><path stroke-linecap="square" d="M18.5 18.3l-5.4-5.4"></path><circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7"></circle></g></svg></button><div id="search-container"><div id="search-space"><input autocomplete="off" id="search-bar" name="search" type="text" aria-label="搜索些什么" placeholder="搜索些什么"/><div id="search-layout" data-preview="true"></div></div></div></div><button class="darkmode" id="darkmode"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" id="dayIcon" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 35 35" style="enable-background:new 0 0 35 35" xml:space="preserve" aria-label="暗色模式"><title>暗色模式</title><path d="M6,17.5C6,16.672,5.328,16,4.5,16h-3C0.672,16,0,16.672,0,17.5 S0.672,19,1.5,19h3C5.328,19,6,18.328,6,17.5z M7.5,26c-0.414,0-0.789,0.168-1.061,0.439l-2,2C4.168,28.711,4,29.086,4,29.5 C4,30.328,4.671,31,5.5,31c0.414,0,0.789-0.168,1.06-0.44l2-2C8.832,28.289,9,27.914,9,27.5C9,26.672,8.329,26,7.5,26z M17.5,6 C18.329,6,19,5.328,19,4.5v-3C19,0.672,18.329,0,17.5,0S16,0.672,16,1.5v3C16,5.328,16.671,6,17.5,6z M27.5,9 c0.414,0,0.789-0.168,1.06-0.439l2-2C30.832,6.289,31,5.914,31,5.5C31,4.672,30.329,4,29.5,4c-0.414,0-0.789,0.168-1.061,0.44 l-2,2C26.168,6.711,26,7.086,26,7.5C26,8.328,26.671,9,27.5,9z M6.439,8.561C6.711,8.832,7.086,9,7.5,9C8.328,9,9,8.328,9,7.5 c0-0.414-0.168-0.789-0.439-1.061l-2-2C6.289,4.168,5.914,4,5.5,4C4.672,4,4,4.672,4,5.5c0,0.414,0.168,0.789,0.439,1.06 L6.439,8.561z M33.5,16h-3c-0.828,0-1.5,0.672-1.5,1.5s0.672,1.5,1.5,1.5h3c0.828,0,1.5-0.672,1.5-1.5S34.328,16,33.5,16z M28.561,26.439C28.289,26.168,27.914,26,27.5,26c-0.828,0-1.5,0.672-1.5,1.5c0,0.414,0.168,0.789,0.439,1.06l2,2 C28.711,30.832,29.086,31,29.5,31c0.828,0,1.5-0.672,1.5-1.5c0-0.414-0.168-0.789-0.439-1.061L28.561,26.439z M17.5,29 c-0.829,0-1.5,0.672-1.5,1.5v3c0,0.828,0.671,1.5,1.5,1.5s1.5-0.672,1.5-1.5v-3C19,29.672,18.329,29,17.5,29z M17.5,7 C11.71,7,7,11.71,7,17.5S11.71,28,17.5,28S28,23.29,28,17.5S23.29,7,17.5,7z M17.5,25c-4.136,0-7.5-3.364-7.5-7.5 c0-4.136,3.364-7.5,7.5-7.5c4.136,0,7.5,3.364,7.5,7.5C25,21.636,21.636,25,17.5,25z"></path></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" id="nightIco
<p>Dockerfile 是一个文本文件，包含了一系列指令和参数，用于自动化构建 Docker 镜像。每条指令都会在镜像中创建一个新的层，涵盖了从基础镜像开始、复制文件、运行命令、设置环境变量等多种操作。通过 Dockerfile，可以确保镜像的构建过程是可重复且无差异的，这对于持续集成和持续部署（CI/CD）的实施至关重要。</p>
<h2 id="dockerfile">Dockerfile<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#dockerfile" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<p>Dockerfile 的开发是一个循环的过程，涉及编写、构建、测试、优化和维护，旨在创建高效、可维护且可重复使用的 Dockerfile，以生成高质量的 Docker 镜像。</p>
<p>以下是 Dockerfile 开发的常规工作流程：</p>
<pre><code class="mermaid">graph TD
A[需求分析] --> B[编写 Dockerfile]
B --> C[构建镜像]
C --> D[测试镜像]
D --> E{满足需求?}
E -->|是| F[优化和迭代]
E -->|否| G[维护和更新]
F --> H[分享和部署]
G --> B
H --> I[结束]
</code></pre>
<p>关键步骤：</p>
<ol>
<li><strong>定义基础镜像</strong>：从一个已有的镜像开始，这是所有后续操作的基础。</li>
<li><strong>执行构建命令</strong>：安装软件包、修改配置文件等。</li>
<li><strong>添加文件和目录</strong>：将所需文件和目录添加到镜像中。</li>
<li><strong>设置工作目录</strong>：为 Dockerfile 中的指令指定工作目录。</li>
<li><strong>配置环境变量</strong>：设定必要的环境变量。</li>
<li><strong>暴露端口</strong>：声明容器监听的端口。</li>
<li><strong>配置启动命令</strong>：设置容器启动时执行的命令。</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="指令">指令<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#指令" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<div class="table-container"><table><thead><tr><th>指令</th><th>描述</th><th>示例</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>FROM</strong></td><td>指定基础镜像，是构建新镜像的起点。</td><td><code>FROM ubuntu:18.04</code></td></tr><tr><td><strong>RUN</strong></td><td>在镜像构建过程中运行命令。</td><td><code>RUN apt-get update &amp;&amp; apt-get install -y nginx</code></td></tr><tr><td><strong>CMD</strong></td><td>提供容器启动时的默认执行命令。</td><td><code>CMD [&quot;nginx&quot;, &quot;-g&quot;, &quot;daemon off;&quot;]</code></td></tr><tr><td><strong>ENTRYPOINT</strong></td><td>配置容器启动时运行的命令，可以与 CMD 指令配合使用。</td><td><code>ENTRYPOINT [&quot;./app&quot;]</code></td></tr><tr><td><strong>COPY</strong></td><td>将文件从构建上下文复制到镜像中。</td><td><code>COPY . /app</code></td></tr><tr><td><strong>ADD</strong></td><td>将文件从构建上下文或 URL 复制到镜像中，可自动解压压缩包。</td><td><code>ADD http://example.com/big.tar.xz /usr/src/things/</code></td></tr><tr><td><strong>ENV</strong></td><td>设置环境变量。</td><td><code>ENV MY_VAR=value</code></td></tr><tr><td><strong>EXPOSE</strong></td><td>声明容器运行时监听的端口。</td><td><code>EXPOSE 80</code></td></tr><tr><td><strong>VOLUME</strong></td><td>创建一个挂载点来持久化数据。</td><td><code>VOLUME /data</code></td></tr><tr><td><strong>WORKDIR</strong></td><td>为 Dockerfile 中的指令设置工作目录。</td><td><code>WORKDIR /app</code></td></tr><tr><td><strong>ARG</strong></td><td>定义构建时的变量，可以在构建命令中用 <code>--build-arg</code> 来覆盖。</td><td><code>ARG VERSION=latest</code></td></tr><tr><td><strong>USER</strong></td><td>指定运行容器时的用户名或 UID，以及可选的用户组或 GID。</td><td><code>USER www-data</code></td></tr><tr><td><strong>LABEL</strong></td><td>为镜像添加元数据。</td><td><code>LABEL version=&quot;1.0&quot;</code></td></tr><tr><td><strong>ONBUILD</strong></td><td>为镜像指定触发器指令，当镜像作为基础镜像时，触发器将在派生镜像中执行。</td><td><code>ONBUILD RUN echo 'Doing something...'</code></td></tr><tr><td><strong>HEALTHCHECK</strong></td><td>指定一个命令，用于检查容器是否健康运行。</td><td>`HEALTHCHECK CMD curl —fail <a href="http://localhost:80/" class="external">http://localhost:80/<svg aria-hidden="true" class="external-icon" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M320 0H288V64h32 82.7L201.4 265.4 178.7 288 224 333.3l22.6-22.6L448 109.3V192v32h64V192 32 0H480 320zM32 32H0V64 480v32H32 456h32V480 352 320H424v32 96H64V96h96 32V32H160 32z"></path></svg></a></td></tr><tr><td><strong>SHELL</strong></td><td>用于覆盖默认的 shell 命令。</td><td><code>SHELL [&quot;/bin/bash&quot;, &quot;-c&quot;]</code></td></tr><tr><td><strong>STOPSIGNAL</strong></td><td>设置停止容器时发送的系统调用信号。</td><td><code>STOPSIGNAL SIGTERM</code></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<h3 id="示例">示例<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#示例" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="dockerfile" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="dockerfile" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 指定基础镜像</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">FROM</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> python:3.8</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 设置工作目录</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">WORKDIR</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> /app</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 复制依赖文件到容器中</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">COPY</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> requirements.txt ./</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 安装依赖</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">RUN</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 将当前目录下的所有文件复制到容器的工作目录中</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">COPY</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> . .</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 暴露端口</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">EXPOSE</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> 5000</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 定义容器启动时执行的命令</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">CMD</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;flask&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;run&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;--host=0.0.0.0&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h2 id="镜像构建">镜像构建<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#镜像构建" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<p>镜像构建是 Docker 使用中的核心概念，它允许用户从一个基础镜像开始，通过一系列步骤添加自定义的层次，最终创建出一个新的镜像。深入了解镜像构建，包括二次构建（多阶段构建）等高级特性，可以帮助你更高效地使用 Docker，优化你的开发和部署流程。</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Dockerfile</strong>：Dockerfile 是构建 Docker 镜像的蓝图，它包含了一系列的指令，每个指令都会在镜像中创建一个新的层。</li>
<li><strong>镜像层</strong>：Docker 镜像是由多个只读层组成的。当你更改镜像并提交这些更改时，你实际上是在基础镜像上添加了一个新层。</li>
<li><strong>构建上下文</strong>：构建上下文是指向 Docker 守护进程的一组文件和目录，这些文件和目录用于构建 Docker 镜像。构建上下文的路径可以在 <code>docker build</code> 命令中指定。</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="基本构建">基本构建<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#基本构建" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>使用 <code>docker build</code> 命令和 Dockerfile 来构建镜像。在构建过程中，Docker 逐条处理 Dockerfile 中的指令，每条指令都会创建镜像的一个新层。构建完成后，你将获得一个可用于创建容器的镜像。</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">docker</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> build</span><span style="--shiki-light:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;"> -t</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> my_image_name:my_tag</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> .</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<p>这个命令将使用当前目录中的 Dockerfile 来构建镜像，并将其标记为 <code>my_image_name:my_tag</code>。</p>
<h3 id="多阶段构建">多阶段构建<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#多阶段构建" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>多阶段构建是 Docker 17.05 版本引入的一个特性，它允许在一个 Dockerfile 中定义多个构建阶段，每个阶段都可以使用不同的基础镜像。多阶段构建的主要优点是减小最终镜像的大小，提高构建效率，避免在最终镜像中包含不必要的文件。</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>定义多个阶段</strong>：可以通过在 Dockerfile 中多次使用 <code>FROM</code> 指令来定义多个构建阶段。</li>
<li><strong>复制阶段间的文件</strong>：使用 <code>COPY --from=&lt;stage></code> 指令可以从一个阶段复制文件到另一个阶段。</li>
</ul>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="dockerfile" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="dockerfile" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 第一阶段：构建阶段</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 使用官方 Python 镜像作为构建镜像的基础</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">FROM</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> python:3.8-slim </span><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">as</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> builder</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 设置工作目录</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">WORKDIR</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> /app</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 将应用依赖复制到容器中</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">COPY</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> requirements.txt .</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 安装应用依赖</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">RUN</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> pip install --user -r requirements.txt</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 复制应用代码到容器中</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">COPY</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> . .</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 第二阶段：运行阶段</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 再次从一个干净的 Python 镜像开始</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">FROM</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> python:3.8-slim</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 创建一个非 root 用户</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">RUN</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> useradd -m myuser</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">USER</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> myuser</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 从构建阶段复制已安装的依赖</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">COPY</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> --from=builder /root/.local /home/myuser/.local</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">COPY</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> --from=builder /app /app</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 设置工作目录</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">WORKDIR</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> /app</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 设置环境变量</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">ENV</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> PATH=/home/myuser/.local/bin:$PATH</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 暴露应用端口</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">EXPOSE</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> 5000</span></span>
<span data-line> </span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 设置容器启动时执行的命令</span></span>
<span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">CMD</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;"> [</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;python&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">, </span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;">&quot;app.py&quot;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">]</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="优化构建">优化构建<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#优化构建" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<ul>
<li><strong>减少层的数量</strong>：合并多个 <code>RUN</code> 指令可以减少镜像层的数量，减小镜像大小。</li>
<li><strong>使用 <code>.dockerignore</code> 文件</strong>：通过定义 <code>.dockerignore</code> 文件排除不必要的文件和目录，减少构建上下文的大小，加快构建速度。</li>
<li><strong>利用构建缓存</strong>：Docker 会缓存每一层的结果，如果 Dockerfile 中的某一层没有变化，则在构建时会重用这一层的缓存。合理利用构建缓存可以显著提高构建效率。</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="镜像管理">镜像管理<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#镜像管理" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<p>Docker 提供了多种命令来管理本地存储的镜像：</p>
<div class="table-container"><table><thead><tr><th>命令</th><th>描述</th><th>示例</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>docker images</code> 或 <code>docker image ls</code></td><td>列出本地所有镜像</td><td><code>docker images</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>docker rmi &lt;image></code></td><td>删除指定的镜像</td><td><code>docker rmi nginx:latest</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>docker inspect &lt;image></code></td><td>显示镜像的详细信息</td><td><code>docker inspect ubuntu:18.04</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>docker pull &lt;image></code></td><td>从远程仓库拉取指定的镜像</td><td><code>docker pull python:3.8-slim</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>docker push &lt;image></code></td><td>将本地镜像推送到远程仓库</td><td><code>docker push myusername/myimage:tag</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>docker build -t &lt;tag> .</code></td><td>根据当前目录的 Dockerfile 构建镜像</td><td><code>docker build -t myapp:v1 .</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>docker history &lt;image></code></td><td>查看镜像的构建历史</td><td><code>docker history nginx:latest</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>docker tag &lt;image> &lt;tag></code></td><td>为镜像添加一个新标签</td><td><code>docker tag myimage:latest myimage:v2</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>docker save -o &lt;path> &lt;image></code></td><td>将镜像保存为 tar 归档文件</td><td><code>docker save -o myimage.tar myimage:latest</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>docker load -i &lt;path></code></td><td>从 tar 归档文件中加载镜像</td><td><code>docker load -i myimage.tar</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>docker image prune</code></td><td>删除未被任何容器使用的悬挂镜像</td><td><code>docker image prune</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>docker image rm &lt;image></code></td><td>删除一个或多个镜像</td><td><code>docker image rm myimage1 myimage2</code></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<h2 id="镜像仓库">镜像仓库<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#镜像仓库" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
<p>Docker 镜像仓库扮演着在 Docker 生态系统中极为关键的角色，它们不仅存储和分发容器镜像，还促进了开发和运维工作的协同。这些仓库可以是公开的，也可以是私有的，以满足不同的安全和隐私需求。</p>
<p>Docker Hub 是最广为人知的 Docker 镜像仓库，提供了大量的公共镜像供下载和使用。它支持个人和组织管理镜像，并能与自动化构建和测试流程无缝集成。</p>
<p>对于需要控制镜像访问权限的场景，私有 Docker 仓库是理想的选择。私有仓库可以部署在内部网络中，确保敏感镜像的安全。Docker Registry 是官方提供的开源仓库解决方案，支持本地部署和管理私有镜像。</p>
<h3 id="使用-docker-hub-拉取镜像">使用 Docker Hub 拉取镜像<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#使用-docker-hub-拉取镜像" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>从 Docker Hub 或私有仓库拉取镜像是常见操作。使用 <code>docker pull</code> 命令可以轻松完成这一任务：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">docker</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> pull</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> my_username/my_image_name:my_tag</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="推送镜像到-docker-hub">推送镜像到 Docker Hub<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#推送镜像到-docker-hub" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<h4 id="1-创建-docker-hub-账号">1. 创建 Docker Hub 账号<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#1-创建-docker-hub-账号" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p>如果你还没有 Docker Hub 的账号，你需要先在 <a href="https://hub.docker.com/" class="external">Docker Hub<svg aria-hidden="true" class="external-icon" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M320 0H288V64h32 82.7L201.4 265.4 178.7 288 224 333.3l22.6-22.6L448 109.3V192v32h64V192 32 0H480 320zM32 32H0V64 480v32H32 456h32V480 352 320H424v32 96H64V96h96 32V32H160 32z"></path></svg></a> 上注册一个。</p>
<h4 id="2-登录到-docker-hub">2. 登录到 Docker Hub<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#2-登录到-docker-hub" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p>在终端或命令行界面，使用 <code>docker login</code> 命令登录到你的 Docker Hub 账号。输入你的用户名和密码进行认证。</p>
<pre><code>docker login
</code></pre>
<p>成功登录后，你的认证信息将被保存，以便后续操作无需重复登录。</p>
<h4 id="3-标记你的镜像">3. 标记你的镜像<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#3-标记你的镜像" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p>在推送镜像之前，你需要为你的镜像设置一个标签（Tag），这个标签应该包含你的 Docker Hub 用户名、镜像的名字，以及（可选的）标签。</p>
<pre><code>docker tag local-image-name:tag your-dockerhub-username/repository-name:tag
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li><code>local-image-name:tag</code> 是你本地镜像的名称和标签。</li>
<li><code>your-dockerhub-username</code> 是你在 Docker Hub 上的用户名。</li>
<li><code>repository-name</code> 是你希望在 Docker Hub 上创建的仓库名。</li>
<li><code>tag</code> 是你给镜像指定的标签，如果不指定，默认为 <code>latest</code>。</li>
</ul>
<p>例如，如果你的 Docker Hub 用户名是 <code>johndoe</code>，并且你想要推送一个名为 <code>myapp</code> 的镜像，标签为 <code>v1.0</code>，你可以执行：</p>
<pre><code>docker tag myapp:latest johndoe/myapp:v1.0
</code></pre>
<h4 id="4-推送镜像到-docker-hub">4. 推送镜像到 Docker Hub<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#4-推送镜像到-docker-hub" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p>使用 <code>docker push</code> 命令将镜像推送到你的 Docker Hub 仓库：</p>
<pre><code>docker push your-dockerhub-username/repository-name:tag
</code></pre>
<p>继续之前的例子：</p>
<pre><code>docker push johndoe/myapp:v1.0
</code></pre>
<p>这个命令会将 <code>myapp</code> 镜像的 <code>v1.0</code> 标签版本推送到 Docker Hub 上的 <code>johndoe/myapp</code> 仓库中。</p>
<h4 id="5-验证">5. 验证<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#5-验证" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p>推送完成后，你可以在 Docker Hub 的网站上登录你的账号，查看你的仓库列表，确认新推送的镜像已经出现在列表中。</p>
<h3 id="推送镜像到私人仓库">推送镜像到私人仓库<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#推送镜像到私人仓库" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h3>
<p>推送镜像到私人仓库的过程与推送到 Docker Hub 类似，但需要确保你有权限访问该私人仓库，并且可能需要配置额外的认证信息。以下是推送镜像到私人仓库的一般步骤：</p>
<h4 id="1-登录私人仓库">1. 登录私人仓库<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#1-登录私人仓库" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p>私有仓库通常需要认证，以保证仓库的安全性。使用 <code>docker login</code> 命令进行登录，确保你拥有足够的权限来推送镜像。</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">docker</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> login</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> myregistry.example.com</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h4 id="2标记你的镜像">2.标记你的镜像<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#2标记你的镜像" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p>在推送镜像之前，需要将其标记为私人仓库的地址。这是通过 <code>docker tag</code> 命令完成的，标记格式通常为 <code>仓库地址/用户名/镜像名称:标签</code>。</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">docker</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> tag</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> my_image_name:my_tag</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> myregistry.example.com/my_username/my_image_name:my_tag</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<p>这里：</p>
<ul>
<li><code>my_image_name:my_tag</code> 是你本地镜像的名称和标签。</li>
<li><code>myregistry.example.com</code> 是你的私人仓库地址。</li>
<li><code>my_username</code> 是你在该仓库的用户名或命名空间。</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="3-推送镜像">3. 推送镜像<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#3-推送镜像" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p>完成镜像标记后，使用 <code>docker push</code> 命令将其推送到私人仓库。</p>
<p>标记完成后，使用 <code>docker push</code> 命令将镜像推送到私人仓库：</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">docker</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> push</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> myregistry.example.com/my_username/my_image_name:my_tag</span></span></code></pre></figure>
<h4 id="4-管理私人仓库中的镜像">4. 管理私人仓库中的镜像<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#4-管理私人仓库中的镜像" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p>私人仓库可能提供了一个用户界面或者 API，供你管理仓库中的镜像，包括查看、删除和设置访问权限等。</p>
<h4 id="5-使用私人仓库中的镜像">5. 使用私人仓库中的镜像<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#5-使用私人仓库中的镜像" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h4>
<p>从私人仓库拉取镜像时，同样需要先进行认证。一旦认证通过，你可以使用 <code>docker pull</code> 命令拉取所需的镜像。</p>
<figure data-rehype-pretty-code-figure><pre tabindex="0" data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark"><code data-language="shell" data-theme="github-light github-dark" style="display:grid;"><span data-line><span style="--shiki-light:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0;">docker</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> pull</span><span style="--shiki-light:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;"> myregistry.example.com/my_username/my_image_name:my_tag</span></span></code></pre></figure></article><hr/><div class="page-footer"></div></div><div class="right sidebar"><div class="graph"><h3>关系图谱</h3><div class="graph-outer"><div id="graph-container" data-cfg="{&quot;drag&quot;:true,&quot;zoom&quot;:true,&quot;depth&quot;:1,&quot;scale&quot;:1.1,&quot;repelForce&quot;:0.5,&quot;centerForce&quot;:0.3,&quot;linkDistance&quot;:30,&quot;fontSize&quot;:0.6,&quot;opacityScale&quot;:1,&quot;showTags&quot;:true,&quot;removeTags&quot;:[],&quot;focusOnHover&quot;:false}"></div><button id="global-graph-icon" aria-label="Global Graph"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 55 55" fill="currentColor" xml:space="preserve"><path d="M49,0c-3.309,0-6,2.691-6,6c0,1.035,0.263,2.009,0.726,2.86l-9.829,9.829C32.542,17.634,30.846,17,29,17
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