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<html lang="zh"><head><title>Vim 实用技巧</title><meta charset="utf-8"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=IBM Plex Mono&family=Noto Serif Simplified Chinese:wght@400;700&family=Source Sans Pro:ital,wght@0,400;0,600;1,400;1,600&display=swap"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/><meta property="og:title" content="Vim 实用技巧"/><meta property="og:description" content="汇总 Vim 的实用技巧，包括文件备份、快速查找替换、批量处理文件、自动补全和窗口管理等。."/><meta property="og:image" content="https://wiki.7wate.com/static/og-image.png"/><meta property="og:width" content="1200"/><meta property="og:height" content="675"/><link rel="icon" href="../../../../static/icon.png"/><meta name="description" content="汇总 Vim 的实用技巧，包括文件备份、快速查找替换、批量处理文件、自动补全和窗口管理等。."/><meta name="generator" content="Quartz"/><link href="../../../../index.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" spa-preserve/><link href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/KaTeX/0.16.9/katex.min.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" spa-preserve/><script src="../../../../prescript.js" type="application/javascript" spa-preserve></script><script type="application/javascript" spa-preserve>const fetchData = fetch("../../../../static/contentIndex.json").then(data => data.json())</script></head><body data-slug="Technology/GettingStarted/命令行工具/Vim/4.Vim-实用技巧"><div id="quartz-root" class="page"><div id="quartz-body"><div class="left sidebar"><h2 class="page-title"><a href="../../../..">🪴 X·Eden</a></h2><div class="spacer mobile-only"></div><div class="search"><button class="search-button" id="search-button"><p>搜索</p><svg role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 19.9 19.7"><title>Search</title><g class="search-path" fill="none"><path stroke-linecap="square" d="M18.5 18.3l-5.4-5.4"></path><circle cx="8" cy="8" r="7"></circle></g></svg></button><div id="search-container"><div id="search-space"><input autocomplete="off" id="search-bar" name="search" type="text" aria-label="搜索些什么" placeholder="搜索些什么"/><div id="search-layout" data-preview="true"></div></div></div></div><button class="darkmode" id="darkmode"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" id="dayIcon" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 35 35" style="enable-background:new 0 0 35 35" xml:space="preserve" aria-label="暗色模式"><title>暗色模式</title><path d="M6,17.5C6,16.672,5.328,16,4.5,16h-3C0.672,16,0,16.672,0,17.5 S0.672,19,1.5,19h3C5.328,19,6,18.328,6,17.5z M7.5,26c-0.414,0-0.789,0.168-1.061,0.439l-2,2C4.168,28.711,4,29.086,4,29.5 C4,30.328,4.671,31,5.5,31c0.414,0,0.789-0.168,1.06-0.44l2-2C8.832,28.289,9,27.914,9,27.5C9,26.672,8.329,26,7.5,26z M17.5,6 C18.329,6,19,5.328,19,4.5v-3C19,0.672,18.329,0,17.5,0S16,0.672,16,1.5v3C16,5.328,16.671,6,17.5,6z M27.5,9 c0.414,0,0.789-0.168,1.06-0.439l2-2C30.832,6.289,31,5.914,31,5.5C31,4.672,30.329,4,29.5,4c-0.414,0-0.789,0.168-1.061,0.44 l-2,2C26.168,6.711,26,7.086,26,7.5C26,8.328,26.671,9,27.5,9z M6.439,8.561C6.711,8.832,7.086,9,7.5,9C8.328,9,9,8.328,9,7.5 c0-0.414-0.168-0.789-0.439-1.061l-2-2C6.289,4.168,5.914,4,5.5,4C4.672,4,4,4.672,4,5.5c0,0.414,0.168,0.789,0.439,1.06 L6.439,8.561z M33.5,16h-3c-0.828,0-1.5,0.672-1.5,1.5s0.672,1.5,1.5,1.5h3c0.828,0,1.5-0.672,1.5-1.5S34.328,16,33.5,16z M28.561,26.439C28.289,26.168,27.914,26,27.5,26c-0.828,0-1.5,0.672-1.5,1.5c0,0.414,0.168,0.789,0.439,1.06l2,2 C28.711,30.832,29.086,31,29.5,31c0.828,0,1.5-0.672,1.5-1.5c0-0.414-0.168-0.789-0.439-1.061L28.561,26.439z M17.5,29 c-0.829,0-1.5,0.672-1.5,1.5v3c0,0.828,0.671,1.5,1.5,1.5s1.5-0.672,1.5-1.5v-3C19,29.672,18.329,29,17.5,29z M17.5,7 C11.71,7,7,11.71,7,17.5S11.71,28,17.5,28S28,23.29,28,17.5S23.29,7,17.5,7z M17.5,25c-4.136,0-7.5-3.
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<p>备份当前文件并打开进行编辑，避免无法还原旧配置文件。</p>
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<pre><code>:w hosts.back.240808 | e!
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</code></pre>
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<h2 id="快速查找并替换">快速查找并替换<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#快速查找并替换" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
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<p>在所有文本文件中查找并替换某个模式。</p>
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<pre><code>:args **/*.txt | argdo %s/pattern/replacement/g | update
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</code></pre>
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<p>这个命令会在所有文本文件中查找并替换 <code>pattern</code> 为 <code>replacement</code>，并保存所有修改。</p>
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<h2 id="批量处理文件">批量处理文件<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#批量处理文件" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
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<p>批量删除所有文件的行尾空白字符。</p>
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<pre><code>:args **/* | argdo %s/\s\+$//e | update
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</code></pre>
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<p>这个命令会在所有文件中删除行尾的空白字符，并保存所有修改。</p>
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<h2 id="快速拼接文件内容">快速拼接文件内容<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#快速拼接文件内容" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
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<p>将多个文件的内容拼接到当前文件。</p>
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<pre><code>:r !cat file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt
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</code></pre>
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<p>这个命令将 <code>file1.txt</code>、<code>file2.txt</code> 和 <code>file3.txt</code> 的内容插入到当前文件光标所在位置。</p>
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<h2 id="自动补全并打开文件">自动补全并打开文件<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#自动补全并打开文件" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
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<p>自动补全路径并打开文件。</p>
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<pre><code>:e <C-R>=expand("%:p:h") . "/" <C-R>=input("File: ")<CR>
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</code></pre>
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<p>这个命令会打开一个提示，输入文件名后会自动补全路径并打开文件。</p>
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<h2 id="快速窗口管理">快速窗口管理<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#快速窗口管理" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
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<p>垂直分割窗口，打开文件，关闭其他窗口</p>
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<pre><code>:vsplit file.txt | only
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</code></pre>
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<p>这个命令会垂直分割窗口并打开 <code>file.txt</code>，然后关闭其他所有窗口。</p>
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<h2 id="自动格式化代码">自动格式化代码<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#自动格式化代码" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
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<p>格式化当前文件并保存</p>
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<pre><code>gg=G`` | w
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</code></pre>
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<p>这个命令会格式化整个文件并保持光标位置不变，然后保存文件。</p>
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<h2 id="批量执行宏">批量执行宏<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#批量执行宏" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
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<p>在所有文本文件中执行宏。</p>
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<pre><code>:args **/*.txt | argdo normal @q | update
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</code></pre>
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<p>这个命令会在所有文本文件中执行寄存器 <code>q</code> 中的宏，并保存所有修改。</p>
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<h2 id="快速编译并打开错误列表">快速编译并打开错误列表<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#快速编译并打开错误列表" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
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<p>编译当前项目并打开 QuickFix 列表。</p>
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<pre><code>:make | copen
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</code></pre>
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<p>这个命令会编译当前项目并打开 QuickFix 窗口显示错误列表。</p>
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<h2 id="运行代码并显示输出">运行代码并显示输出<a role="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-no-popover="true" href="#运行代码并显示输出" class="internal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></a></h2>
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<p>运行当前 Python 文件并显示输出</p>
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<pre><code>:w | !python3 %
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</code></pre>
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<p>这个命令会先保存当前文件，然后运行它并显示输出。</p></article><hr/><div class="page-footer"></div></div><div class="right sidebar"><div class="graph"><h3>关系图谱</h3><div class="graph-outer"><div id="graph-container" data-cfg="{"drag":true,"zoom":true,"depth":1,"scale":1.1,"repelForce":0.5,"centerForce":0.3,"linkDistance":30,"fontSize":0.6,"opacityScale":1,"showTags":true,"removeTags":[],"focusOnHover":false}"></div><button id="global-graph-icon" aria-label="Global Graph"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 55 55" fill="currentColor" xml:space="preserve"><path d="M49,0c-3.309,0-6,2.691-6,6c0,1.035,0.263,2.009,0.726,2.86l-9.829,9.829C32.542,17.634,30.846,17,29,17
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c1.106,0.86,2.44,1.436,3.898,1.619v10.16c-2.833,0.478-5,2.942-5,5.91c0,3.309,2.691,6,6,6s6-2.691,6-6c0-2.967-2.167-5.431-5-5.91
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C46.042,11.405,47.451,12,49,12c3.309,0,6-2.691,6-6S52.309,0,49,0z M11,9c0-1.103,0.897-2,2-2s2,0.897,2,2s-0.897,2-2,2
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S11,10.103,11,9z M6,51c-2.206,0-4-1.794-4-4s1.794-4,4-4s4,1.794,4,4S8.206,51,6,51z M33,49c0,2.206-1.794,4-4,4s-4-1.794-4-4
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s1.794-4,4-4S33,46.794,33,49z M29,31c-3.309,0-6-2.691-6-6s2.691-6,6-6s6,2.691,6,6S32.309,31,29,31z M47,41c0,1.103-0.897,2-2,2
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s-2-0.897-2-2s0.897-2,2-2S47,39.897,47,41z M49,10c-2.206,0-4-1.794-4-4s1.794-4,4-4s4,1.794,4,4S51.206,10,49,10z"></path></svg></button></div><div id="global-graph-outer"><div id="global-graph-container" data-cfg="{"drag":true,"zoom":true,"depth":-1,"scale":0.9,"repelForce":0.5,"centerForce":0.3,"linkDistance":30,"fontSize":0.6,"opacityScale":1,"showTags":true,"removeTags":[],"focusOnHover":true}"></div></div></div><div class="toc desktop-only"><button type="button" id="toc" class aria-controls="toc-content" aria-expanded="true"><h3>目录</h3><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="fold"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg></button><div id="toc-content" class><ul class="overflow"><li class="depth-0"><a href="#文件备份和编辑" data-for="文件备份和编辑">文件备份和编辑</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#快速查找并替换" data-for="快速查找并替换">快速查找并替换</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#批量处理文件" data-for="批量处理文件">批量处理文件</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#快速拼接文件内容" data-for="快速拼接文件内容">快速拼接文件内容</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#自动补全并打开文件" data-for="自动补全并打开文件">自动补全并打开文件</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#快速窗口管理" data-for="快速窗口管理">快速窗口管理</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#自动格式化代码" data-for="自动格式化代码">自动格式化代码</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#批量执行宏" data-for="批量执行宏">批量执行宏</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#快速编译并打开错误列表" data-for="快速编译并打开错误列表">快速编译并打开错误列表</a></li><li class="depth-0"><a href="#运行代码并显示输出" data-for="运行代码并显示输出">运行代码并显示输出</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="explorer mobile-only"><button type="button" id="explorer" data-behavior="collapse" data-collapsed="collapsed" data-savestate="true" data-tree="[{"path":"Personal","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2018","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2020","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2021","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2022","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2023","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Blog/2024","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/个人成长","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/医学健康","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/历史","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/哲学宗教","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/心理","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/政治军事","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/教育学习","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/文学","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/生活百科","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/社会文化","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/科学技术","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/经济理财","collapsed":true},{"path":"Personal/Book/艺术",&qu
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</script><script type="module">
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let mermaidImport = undefined
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document.addEventListener('nav', async () => {
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if (document.querySelector("code.mermaid")) {
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mermaidImport ||= await import('https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mermaid/10.7.0/mermaid.esm.min.mjs')
|
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const mermaid = mermaidImport.default
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const darkMode = document.documentElement.getAttribute('saved-theme') === 'dark'
|
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mermaid.initialize({
|
||
|
|
startOnLoad: false,
|
||
|
|
securityLevel: 'loose',
|
||
|
|
theme: darkMode ? 'dark' : 'default'
|
||
|
|
})
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
await mermaid.run({
|
||
|
|
querySelector: '.mermaid'
|
||
|
|
})
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
});
|
||
|
|
</script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/KaTeX/0.16.9/contrib/copy-tex.min.js" type="application/javascript"></script><script src="../../../../postscript.js" type="module"></script></html>
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